The Crisis of 2007-09: Nature, Causes, and Reactions

This is a pre-copy-editing, author-produced PDF of an article accepted for publication in Journal of Interntional Economic Law following peer review. The definitive publisher-authenticated version [Journal of International Economic Law 13(3):531-550 2010] is available online at: http://jiel.oxfordjournals.org/content/13/3/531.ful

Entanglement properties in the Inhomogeneous Tavis-Cummings model

In this work we study the properties of the atomic entanglement in the eigenstates spectrum of the inhomogeneous Tavis-Cummings Model. The inhomogeneity is present in the coupling among the atoms with quantum electromagnetic field. We calculate analytical expressions for the concurrence and we found that this exhibits a strong dependence on the inhomogeneity.Comment: 5 pages, 5 figure

Effect of Temperature on Cu-doped p-ZnTe Thin-Films

In this paper we study the effect of temperature in 150 (±5) and 80 (±5) nm p-ZnTe thin- films immersed in 60 mgCu(NO3)2-3H2O/150 ml (H2O) for 1 minute, and heated at 200 and 300 °C for 30 minutes. Active layers were deposited by pulsed-laser deposition (PLD) at room temperature. Electrical parameters in un-doped films were around 108  ?109 ? and these values decreased to ~ 103 ? when the films were immersed in a Cu solution. The Cu-doped samples heated at 300 °C showed a completely homogeneous doping. X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns showed the orthorhombic structure at 200 and 300 °C

Brain motor system function after chronic, complete spinal cord injury.

Most therapies under development to restore motor function after spinal cord injury (SCI) assume intact brain motor functions. To examine this assumption, 12 patients with chronic, complete SCI and 12 controls underwent functional MRI during attempted, and during imagined, right foot movement, each at two force levels. In patients with SCI, many features of normal motor system function were preserved, however, several departures from normal were apparent: (i) volume of activation was generally much reduced, e.g. 4-8% of normal in primary sensorimotor cortex, in the setting of twice normal variance in signal change; (ii) abnormal activation patterns were present, e.g. increased pallido-thalamocortical loop activity during attempted movement and abnormal processing in primary sensorimotor cortex during imagined movement; and (iii) modulation of function with change in task or in force level did not conform to patterns seen in controls, e.g. in controls, attempted movement activated more than imagined movement did within left primary sensorimotor cortex and right dorsal cerebellum, while imagined movement activated more than attempted movement did in dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and right precentral gyrus. These modulations were absent in patients with SCI. Many features of brain motor system function during foot movement persist after chronic complete SCI. However, substantial derangements of brain activation, poor modulation of function with change in task demands and emergence of pathological brain events were present in patients. Because brain function is central to voluntary movement, interventions that aim to improve motor function after chronic SCI likely also need to attend to these abnormalities of brain function

Accelerated anaerobic hydrolysis rates under a combination of intermittent aeration and anaerobic conditions

Anaerobic hydrolysis in activated return sludge was investigated in laboratory scale experiments to find if intermittent aeration would accelerate anaerobic hydrolysis rates compared to anaerobic hydrolysis rates under strict anaerobic conditions. The intermittent reactors were set up in a 240 h experiment with intermittent aeration (3 h:3 h) in a period of 24 h followed by a subsequent anaerobic period of 24 h in a cycle of 48 h which was repeated five times during the experiment. The anaerobic reactors were kept under strict anaerobic conditions in the same period (240 h). Two methods for calculating hydrolysis rates based on soluble chemical oxygen demand were compared. Two-way analysis of variance with the Bonferroni post-test was performed in order to register any significant difference between reactors with intermittent aeration and strictly anaerobic conditions respectively. The experiment demonstrated a statistically significant difference in favor of the reactors with intermittent aeration showing a tendency towards accelerated anaerobic hydrolysis rates due to application of intermittent aeration. The conclusion of the work is thus that intermittent aeration applied in the activated return sludge process can improve the treatment capacity further in full scale applications.</jats:p

Abrupt Changes in the Dynamics of Quantum Disentanglement

Entanglement evolution in high dimensional bipartite systems under dissipation is studied. Discontinuities for the time derivative of the lower bound of entanglement of formation is found depending on the initial conditions for entangled states. This abrupt changes along the evolution appears as precursors of entanglement sudden death.Comment: 4 pages and 6 figures, submitted for publicatio

Acción de la simvastatina en la contracción de músculo liso de anillo traqueal inducida por estímulo químico y térmico

La contracción del músculo liso traqueal está vinculada a la entrada de Ca2+ al interior celular y la depleción de los depósitos intracelulares. Simvastatina, relaja la arteria basilar por disminución de la concentración intracelular de Ca2+. El objetivo del trabajo fue conocer el efecto de la simvastatina sobre la contracción de la musculatura lisa de tráquea aislada de rata, antes y después del estimulo con acetilcolina y agua fría. Se emplearon 8 ratas anestesiadas con tiobarbital sódico 60 mg/Kg i.p, para extraer la tráquea, se cortaron los anillos, se estimularon con acetilcolina 10-3 M y agua fría 18 °C con y sin simvastatina. Las mediciones se realizaron por ImageTool V. 3.0 (UTHSCSA). Las medias aritméticas del diámetro del músculo traqueal sin la incubación en simvastatina disminuyeron significativamente para el estímulo de acetilcolina y agua fría (p = 0,000 y p = 0,046) respectivamente; al agregar simvastatina se encuentra disminución del diámetro traqueal con el estímulo de agua fría la cual es estadísticamente significativa (p = 0,002) para la acetilcolina no es estadísticamente significativa (p = 0,084). Las medias de las velocidades de contracción de la tráquea al incubar acetilcolina/simvastatina y agua fría/simvastatina, no fueron significativos estadísticamente (p=0,082797 y p = 0,797599). Se concluye que hay disminución del diámetro traqueal al estimular la tráquea con agua fría y acetilcolina. Al agregarsimvastatina y agua fría, se produce el efecto constrictor y disminución del diámetro traqueal ya que se utilizan otras vías de entrada de calcio que no dependen del colesterol

Multipartite Entanglement Generation Assisted by Inhomogeneous Coupling

We show that controllable inhomogeneous coupling between two-level systems and a common data bus provides a fast mechanism to produce multipartite entanglement. Our proposal combines resonant interactions and engineering of coupling strengths---between the qubits and the single mode---leading to well defined entangled states. Furthermore, we show that, if the two-level systems interact dispersively with the quantized mode, engineering of coupling strengths allows the controlled access of the symmetric Hilbert space of qubits.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figures. Submitted for publicatio

Sudden Birth Versus Sudden Death of Entanglement in Multipartite Systems

We study the entanglement dynamics of two cavities interacting with independent reservoirs. Expectedly, we observe that, as the cavity entanglement is depleted, it is transferred to the reservoir degrees of freedom. We find that when the cavity entanglement suddenly disappear, the reservoir entanglement suddenly and necessarily appears. Surprisingly, we show that this {\it entanglement sudden birth} can manifest before, simultaneously, or even after {\it entanglement sudden death}. Finally, we present an explanatory study of other entanglement partitions and of higher dimensional systems.Comment: 5 pages, 5 figures, accepted for publication in Physical Review Letter