Association between frontal sinus development and persistent metopic suture

Background: Frontal sinuses are 2 irregular cavities, placed between 2 lamina of frontal bone. Expansion continues during childhood and reaches full size after puberty. Persistent metopic suture is one of the factors that are related to abnormal frontal sinus development. In this study, we want to discuss about the coexistence of persistent metopic suture and abnormal frontal sinus development using radiological techniques.Materials and methods: In this retrospectively planned study, images of 631 patients were examined, 217 (34.4%) of them were men and 414 (65.6%) of them were women. Brain computed tomography and magnetic resonance images were retrieved from the electronic archive for analysis.Results: In this study, frontal sinus development is categorised as right side atrophy, left side atrophy, bilateral atrophy and bilaterally developed sinuses. The presence of metopic suture was accepted as persistent metopic suture. Frontal sinus atrophy was found in 22.7% and persistent metopic sutures were found in 9.7% of overall.Conclusions: In this study, no significant results were detected that were relatedto the frontal sinus agenesis or dismorphism associated with persistent metopicsuture. We conclude that, although publications propounding metopism thatleads to abnormal frontal sinus development are present in the literature, noreasonable explanation has been mentioned in these articles; and we believe thatthese findings are all incidental.

High protein diet increases thickness of renal parenchyma in resistance-trained-individuals

Objectives: Commercial protein powder or supplements are particularly consumed by resistance-trained individuals. For these individuals, an estimated requirement and recommended dietary allowance (RDA) of good quality protein are 0.66 g and 0.83 g per kg body weight (BW) per day, respectively. The aim of the present study is to examine the effect of high protein intake on thickness of renal parenchyma in resistance-trained individuals in long term. Methods: Thirty six healthy resistance-trained male volunteers participated in this study (mean age 26 ± 3.6 years, body mass index 27.1±3.5). Participants were divided into three groups according to daily protein intake/BW: group 1 (n=8): 1.8 g/kg/day, group 2 (n=16): 2.5 g/kg/day and group 3 (n=12): 4 g/kg/day. They have been regularly resistance training on average of 6.5 ± 3.5 hours per week for the last 6 years. Daily protein intake of the subjects was calculated as the sum of dietary intake plus commercially protein powder. Plasma levels of blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine were measured in venous blood samples. Renal length, width, thickness and cortical thickness were obtained in longitudinal and transverse ultrasonographic scans in prone position by same radiologist. Cortical echogenicity was graded as less than (0), equal to (1) or greater than (2) liver/spleen parenchyma and loss of cortex medulla differentiation (3). Results: Plasma levels of BUN and creatinine were similar in all groups (p > 0.05). Thickness of renal parenchyma in high protein intake (4 g/kg/day) group was significantly higher than in other groups (p 0.05). Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that high protein intake increases the thickness of renal parenchyma in resistance-trained individuals in long term. Daily protein intake in excessive doses and unsupervised protein powder usage can be harmful and irreversible effects on kidney in resistance-trained individuals long term. © The Author(s) 2014

A Rare Mutation [IVS-I-130 (G-A)] in a Turkish ␤-Thalassemia Major Patient

Here we describe the identification of the rare ␤-thalassemia mutation IVS-I-130 (G-