9,311 research outputs found
Collision-induced galaxy formation: semi-analytical model and multi-wavelength predictions
A semi-analytic model is proposed that couples the Press-Schechter formalism
for the number of galaxies with a prescription for galaxy-galaxy interactions
that enables to follow the evolution of galaxy morphologies along the Hubble
sequence. Within this framework, we calculate the chemo-spectrophotometric
evolution of galaxies to obtain spectral energy distributions. We find that
such an approach is very successful in reproducing the statistical properties
of galaxies as well as their time evolution. We are able to make predictions as
a function of galaxy type: for clarity, we restrict ourselves to two categories
of galaxies: early and late types that are identified with ellipticals and
disks. In our model, irregulars are simply an early stage of galaxy formation.
In particular, we obtain good matches for the galaxy counts and redshift
distributions of sources from UV to submm wavelengths. We also reproduce the
observed cosmic star formation history and the diffuse background radiation,
and make predictions as to the epoch and wavelength at which the dust-shrouded
star formation of spheroids begins to dominate over the star formation that
occurs more quiescently in disks. A new prediction of our model is a rise in
the FIR luminosity density with increasing redshift, peaking at about , and with a ratio to the local luminosity density about 10 times higher than that in the blue
(B-band) which peaks near .Comment: Minor changes, replaced to match accepted MNRAS versio
Deep learning extends de novo protein modelling coverage of genomes using iteratively predicted structural constraints
The inapplicability of amino acid covariation methods to small protein
families has limited their use for structural annotation of whole genomes.
Recently, deep learning has shown promise in allowing accurate residue-residue
contact prediction even for shallow sequence alignments. Here we introduce
DMPfold, which uses deep learning to predict inter-atomic distance bounds, the
main chain hydrogen bond network, and torsion angles, which it uses to build
models in an iterative fashion. DMPfold produces more accurate models than two
popular methods for a test set of CASP12 domains, and works just as well for
transmembrane proteins. Applied to all Pfam domains without known structures,
confident models for 25% of these so-called dark families were produced in
under a week on a small 200 core cluster. DMPfold provides models for 16% of
human proteome UniProt entries without structures, generates accurate models
with fewer than 100 sequences in some cases, and is freely available.Comment: JGG and SMK contributed equally to the wor
Stabilization of grid frequency through dynamic demand control
Frequency stability in electricity networks is essential to the maintenance of supply quality and security. This paper investigates whether a degree of built-in frequency stability could be provided by incorporating dynamic demand control into certain consumer appliances. Such devices would monitor system frequency (a universally available indicator of supply-demand imbalance) and switch the appliance on or off accordingly, striking a compromise between the needs of the appliance and the grid. A simplified computer model of a power grid was created incorporating aggregate generator inertia, governor action and load-frequency dependence plus refrigerators with dynamic demand controllers. Simulation modelling studies were carried out to investigate the system's response to a sudden loss of generation, and to fluctuating wind power. The studies indicated a significant delay in frequency-fall and a reduced dependence on rapidly deployable backup generation
Topology and Chiral Symmetry in QCD with Overlap Fermions
We briefly review the overlap formalism for chiral gauge theories, the
overlap Dirac operator for massless fermions and its connection to domain wall
fermions. We describe properties of the overlap Dirac operator, and methods to
implement it numerically. Finally, we give some examples of quenched
calculations of chiral symmetry breaking and topology with overlap fermions.Comment: 12 pages with 6 ps figures; crckapb.sty included; to appear in the
proceedings of the workshop "Lattice Fermions and Structure of the Vacuum",
Oct 5-9, Dubna, Russi
A Role for Sunspots in Explaining Endogenous Fluctutations in Illegal Immigration
In this paper we provide an alternative explanation for why illegal immigration can exhibit substantial fluctuations despite a constant wage gap. We develop a model economy in which migrants make decisions in the face of uncertain border enforcement and lump-sum transfers from the host country. The uncertainty is extrinsic in nature, a sunspot, and arises as a result of ambiguity regarding the commodity price of money. Migrants are restricted from participating in state-contingent insurance markets in the host country, whereas host country natives are not. We establish the existence of sunspot equilibria that are not mere randomizations over certainty equilibria. Volatility in migration flows stems from two distinct sources: the tension between transfers inducing migration and enforcement discouraging it and secondly the existence of a sunspot. Finally, we examine the impact of a change in tax/transfer policies by the government on migration.Sunspots, Immigration, International Migration
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