1,682 research outputs found
Comparison of various methods to delineate blood vessels in retinal images
The blood vessels in the human retina are easily visualisable via digital fundus photography and provide an excellent window to the health of a patient affected by diseases of blood circulation such as diabetes. Diabetic retinopathy is identifiable through lesions of the vessels such as narrowing of the arteriole walls, beading of venules into sausage like structures and new vessel growth as an attempt to reperfuse ischaemic regions. Automated quantification of these lesions would be beneficial to diabetes research and to clinical practice, particularly for eye-screening programmes for the detection of eye-disease amongst diabetic persons
Optimal Planar Electric Dipole Antenna
Considerable time is often spent optimizing antennas to meet specific design
metrics. Rarely, however, are the resulting antenna designs compared to
rigorous physical bounds on those metrics. Here we study the performance of
optimized planar meander line antennas with respect to such bounds. Results
show that these simple structures meet the lower bound on radiation Q-factor
(maximizing single resonance fractional bandwidth), but are far from reaching
the associated physical bounds on efficiency. The relative performance of other
canonical antenna designs is compared in similar ways, and the quantitative
results are connected to intuitions from small antenna design, physical bounds,
and matching network design.Comment: 10 pages, 15 figures, 2 tables, 4 boxe
Retinal Vessel Segmentation Using the 2-D Morlet Wavelet and Supervised Classification
We present a method for automated segmentation of the vasculature in retinal
images. The method produces segmentations by classifying each image pixel as
vessel or non-vessel, based on the pixel's feature vector. Feature vectors are
composed of the pixel's intensity and continuous two-dimensional Morlet wavelet
transform responses taken at multiple scales. The Morlet wavelet is capable of
tuning to specific frequencies, thus allowing noise filtering and vessel
enhancement in a single step. We use a Bayesian classifier with
class-conditional probability density functions (likelihoods) described as
Gaussian mixtures, yielding a fast classification, while being able to model
complex decision surfaces and compare its performance with the linear minimum
squared error classifier. The probability distributions are estimated based on
a training set of labeled pixels obtained from manual segmentations. The
method's performance is evaluated on publicly available DRIVE and STARE
databases of manually labeled non-mydriatic images. On the DRIVE database, it
achieves an area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve of
0.9598, being slightly superior than that presented by the method of Staal et
al.Comment: 9 pages, 7 figures and 1 table. Accepted for publication in IEEE
Trans Med Imag; added copyright notic
Perceived Differences in the Management of Mental Health Patients in Remote and Rural Australia and Strategies for Improvement: Findings from a National Qualitative Study of Emergency Clinicians
Introduction. We aimed to describe perceptions of Australian emergency clinicians of differences in management of mental health patients in rural and remote Australia compared with metropolitan hospitals, and what could be improved. Methods. Descriptive exploratory study using semi-structured telephone interviews of doctors and nurses in Australian emergency departments (EDs), stratified to represent states and territories and rural or metropolitan location. Content analysis of responses developed themes and sub-themes. Results. Of 39 doctors and 32 nurses responding to email invitation, 20 doctors and 16 nurses were interviewed. Major themes were resources/environment, staff and patient issues. Clinicians noted lack of access in rural areas to psychiatric support services, especially alcohol and drug services, limited referral options, and a lack of knowledge, understanding and acceptance of mental health issues. The clinicians suggested resource, education and guideline improvements, wanting better access to mental health experts in rural areas, better support networks and visiting specialist coverage, and educational courses tailored to the needs of rural clinicians. Conclusion. Clinicians managing mental health patients in rural and remote Australian EDs lack resources, support services and referral capacity, and access to appropriate education and training. Improvements would better enable access to support and referral services, and educational opportunities
Tunable Double Negative Band Structure from Non-Magnetic Coated Rods
A system of periodic poly-disperse coated nano-rods is considered. Both the
coated nano-rods and host material are non-magnetic. The exterior nano-coating
has a frequency dependent dielectric constant and the rod has a high dielectric
constant. A negative effective magnetic permeability is generated near the Mie
resonances of the rods while the coating generates a negative permittivity
through a field resonance controlled by the plasma frequency of the coating and
the geometry of the crystal. The explicit band structure for the system is
calculated in the sub-wavelength limit. Tunable pass bands exhibiting negative
group velocity are generated and correspond to simultaneously negative
effective dielectric permittivity and magnetic permeability. These can be
explicitly controlled by adjusting the distance between rods, the coating
thickness, and rod diameters
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