Progressive Ideology and Support for Punitive Crime Policy: Evidence from Argentina and Brazil

Scholars commonly link citizens’ broader ideological views to their preferences for two opposing approaches to fighting crime: conservatives are believed to support punitive approaches, while progressives support preventative solutions. Yet, other studies indicate that citizens across the ideological spectrum support punitive approaches, often due to instrumental factors such as experiences with and perceptions of crime. This study examines how instrumental factors interact with ideology and determines under what circumstances progressives support punitive candidates. The results of a conjoint experiment fielded in Argentina and Brazil demonstrate that among progressives, the effect of ideology on preferences for punitive candidates is moderated by three instrumental factors: perceptions regarding 1) insecurity, 2) the ineffectiveness of social policy, and 3) gang-driven crime; there are null results regarding the role of victimization. The findings also provide evidence that conservatives prefer punitive candidates regardless of instrumental explanations. The results are validated through an analysis of AmericasBarometer data

Foliations and Chern-Heinz inequalities

We extend the Chern-Heinz inequalities about mean curvature and scalar curvature of graphs of $C^{2}$-functions to leaves of transversally oriented codimension one $C^{2}$-foliations of Riemannian manifolds. That extends partially Salavessa's work on mean curvature of graphs and generalize results of Barbosa-Kenmotsu-Oshikiri \cite{barbosa-kenmotsu-Oshikiri} and Barbosa-Gomes-Silveira \cite{barbosa-gomes-silveira} about foliations of 3-dimensional Riemannian manifolds by constant mean curvature surfaces. These Chern-Heinz inequalities for foliations can be applied to prove Haymann-Makai-Osserman inequality (lower bounds of the fundamental tones of bounded open subsets $\Omega \subset \mathbb{R}^{2}$ in terms of its inradius) for embedded tubular neighborhoods of simple curves of $\mathbb{R}^{n}$.Comment: This paper is an improvment of an earlier paper titled On Chern-Heinz Inequalities. 8 Pages, Late

Rats, water, and disseminated sclerosis: an œtiological study

1.) That a large proportion of patients suffering from disseminated sclerosis give a history of exposure to damp, especially of the hands and feet. 2.) That a large proportion give also a history of association with rats at home or at work. 3.) That a study of the occupation of those dying of the disease in England and ';ales in 1925 shows a heavy incidence in those occupations which would expose the worker to the above etiological factors. 4.) That the geographical distribution of cases in isnerica, and to a lesser extent in London round inland waters is in keeping with the clinical and occupational findings. 5.) That bacteriological opinion suggests a leptospira related to leptospira icterohaemorrhagiae as the casual organism of disseminated sclerosis, and that there is a strong probability that these organisms have an ineffective and a non-ineffective phase. 6.) That in general the association of rats, 'damp, and disseminated sclerosis is too frequent to be dismissed as merely accidental) without further investigation