Thermal decomposition Kinetics and mechanism of Co(II), Ni(II), and Cu(II) complexes derived from Anthracene carboxaldehyde L -Tyrosine

Abstract Cobalt(II), nickel(II), and copper(II) complexes of th

Hinge/floating craniotomy as an alternative technique for cerebral decompression: a scoping review

Funder: National Institute for Health Research; doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100000272Funder: Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children; doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100003784Abstract: Hinge craniotomy (HC) is a technique that allows for a degree of decompression whilst retaining the bone flap in situ, in a ‘floating’ or ‘hinged’ fashion. This provides expansion potential for ensuing cerebral oedema whilst obviating the need for cranioplasty in the future. The exact indications, technique and outcomes of this procedure have yet to be determined, but it is likely that HC provides an alternative technique to decompressive craniectomy (DC) in certain contexts. The primary objective was to collate and describe the current evidence base for HC, including perioperative parameters, functional outcomes and complications. The secondary objective was to identify current nomenclature, operative technique and operative decision-making. A scoping review was performed in accordance with the PRISMA-ScR Checklist. Fifteen studies totalling 283 patients (mean age 45.1 and M:F 199:46) were included. There were 12 different terms for HC. The survival rate of the cohort was 74.6% (n = 211). Nine patients (3.2%) required subsequent formal DC. Six studies compared HC to DC following traumatic brain injury (TBI) and stroke, finding at least equivalent control of intracranial pressure (ICP). These studies also reported reduced rates of complications, including infection, in HC compared to DC. We have described the current evidence base of HC. There is no evidence of substantially worse outcomes compared to DC, although no randomised trials were identified. Eventually, a randomised trial will be useful to determine if HC should be offered as first-line treatment when indicated

Decompressive craniotomy: an international survey of practice.

Funder: National Institute for Health Research; doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100000272Funder: University of Cambridge and the Royal College of Surgeons of EnglandBACKGROUND: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) and stroke have devastating consequences and are major global public health issues. For patients that require a cerebral decompression after suffering a TBI or stroke, a decompressive craniectomy (DC) is the most commonly performed operation. However, retrospective non-randomized studies suggest that a decompressive craniotomy (DCO; also known as hinge or floating craniotomy), where a bone flap is replaced but not rigidly fixed, has comparable outcomes to DC. The primary aim of this project was to understand the current extent of usage of DC and DCO for TBI and stroke worldwide. METHOD: A questionnaire was designed and disseminated globally via emailing lists and social media to practicing neurosurgeons between June and November 2019. RESULTS: We received 208 responses from 60 countries [40 low- and middle-income countries (LMICs)]. DC is used more frequently than DCO, however, about one-quarter of respondents are using a DCO in more than 25% of their patients. The three top indications for a DCO were an acute subdural hematoma (ASDH) and a GCS of 9-12, ASDH with contusions and a GCS of 3-8, and ASDH with contusions and a GCS of 9-12. There were 8 DCO techniques used with the majority (60/125) loosely tying sutures to the bone flap. The majority (82%) stated that they were interested in collaborating on a randomized trial of DCO vs. DC. CONCLUSION: Our results show that DCO is a procedure carried out for TBI and stroke, especially in LMICs, and most commonly for an ASDH. The majority of the respondents were interested in collaborating on a is a future randomized trial

Prevalence of pulmonary tuberculosis among the tribal populations in India

IMPORTANCE: There is no concrete evidence on the burden of TB among the tribal populations across India except for few studies mainly conducted in Central India with a pooled estimation of 703/100,000 with a high degree of heterogeneity. OBJECTIVE: To estimate the prevalence of TB among the tribal populations in India. DESIGN, PARTICIPANTS, SETTING: A survey using a multistage cluster sampling design was conducted between April 2015 and March 2020 covering 88 villages (clusters) from districts with over 70% tribal majority populations in 17 States across 6 zones of India. The sample populations included individuals ≥15 years old. MAIN OUTCOME AND MEASURES: Eligible participants who were screened through an interview for symptoms suggestive of pulmonary TB (PTB); Two sputum specimens were examined by smear and culture. Prevalence was estimated after multiple imputations for non-coverage and a correction factor of 1.31 was then applied to account for non-inclusion of X-ray screening. RESULTS: A total of 74532 (81.0%) of the 92038 eligible individuals were screened; 2675 (3.6%) were found to have TB symptoms or h/o ATT. The overall prevalence of PTB was 432 per 100,000 populations. The PTB prevalence per 100,000 populations was highest 625 [95% CI: 496–754] in the central zone and least 153 [95% CI: 24–281] in the west zone. Among the 17 states that were covered in this study, Odisha recorded the highest prevalence of 803 [95% CI: 504–1101] and Jammu and Kashmir the lowest 127 [95% CI: 0–310] per 100,000 populations. Findings from multiple logistic regression analysis reflected that those aged 35 years and above, with BMI <18.5 Kgs /m(2), h/o ATT, smoking, and/or consuming alcohol had a higher risk of bacteriologically positive PTB. Weight loss was relatively more important symptom associated with tuberculosis among this tribal populations followed by night sweats, blood in sputum, and fever. CONCLUSION AND RELEVANCE: The overall prevalence of PTB among tribal groups is higher than the general populations with a wide variation of prevalence of PTB among the tribal groups at zone and state levels. These findings call for strengthening of the TB control efforts in tribal areas to reduce TB prevalence through tribal community/site-specific intervention programs

Consensus statement from the International Consensus Meeting on the Role of Decompressive Craniectomy in the Management of Traumatic Brain Injury

Abstract: Background: Two randomised trials assessing the effectiveness of decompressive craniectomy (DC) following traumatic brain injury (TBI) were published in recent years: DECRA in 2011 and RESCUEicp in 2016. As the results have generated debate amongst clinicians and researchers working in the field of TBI worldwide, it was felt necessary to provide general guidance on the use of DC following TBI and identify areas of ongoing uncertainty via a consensus-based approach. Methods: The International Consensus Meeting on the Role of Decompressive Craniectomy in the Management of Traumatic Brain Injury took place in Cambridge, UK, on the 28th and 29th September 2017. The meeting was jointly organised by the World Federation of Neurosurgical Societies (WFNS), AO/Global Neuro and the NIHR Global Health Research Group on Neurotrauma. Discussions and voting were organised around six pre-specified themes: (1) primary DC for mass lesions, (2) secondary DC for intracranial hypertension, (3) peri-operative care, (4) surgical technique, (5) cranial reconstruction and (6) DC in low- and middle-income countries. Results: The invited participants discussed existing published evidence and proposed consensus statements. Statements required an agreement threshold of more than 70% by blinded voting for approval. Conclusions: In this manuscript, we present the final consensus-based recommendations. We have also identified areas of uncertainty, where further research is required, including the role of primary DC, the role of hinge craniotomy and the optimal timing and material for skull reconstruction

The effect of commonly consumed beverages on colour stability and surface roughness of two metal ceramic materials: An in-vitro study

Aims: The aim of this study was to compare color stability and surface topography of two different feldspathic porcelains, both qualitatively and quantitatively, after exposure to routinely consumed beverages over different time periods using a spectrophotometer and surface noncontact profilometer, respectively. Materials and Methods: In this in-vitro study, a total of 120 base metal alloy discs with a thickness of 0.5 mm were made following the conventional casting technique. They were randomly divided into two categories. Category-I was built with IPS.d.Sign (Ivoclar), Category-II was built with Ceramco 3 (Dentsply) each containing 60 samples. The samples were immersed into different beverages. Color stability and surface roughness were measured by a spectrophotometer and profilometer, respectively. Statistical Analysis: t-test between two categories and ANOVA within the same group. Results and Conclusion: Color difference (ΔE) between different test solutions at different intervals showed clinically acceptable range (below 3.3 units). Thus, ceramics were considered color stable and resistant to external staining. Scanning electron microscope and profilometer study revealed that there were significant surface roughness changes in both IPS.d.Sign and Dentsply metal ceramic materials when immersed in soft cola drink and coffee solutions for 90 days and compared to the control group which was immersed in distilled water

Is there a need to diagnose Rathke's cleft cyst pre operatively?

Rathke′s cleft cyst is a rare benign sellar lesion. The exact preoperative diagnosis of this lesion by clinical and radiological features is difficult. Hence it is often misdiagnosed as craniopharyngioma. This paper aims at identify the radiological pointers for pre operative diagnosis of Rathke′s cleft cyst. This study presents the details of nine patients who were operated in our institution between 1998 and 2008. The possibility of Rathke′s cleft cyst was considered pre operatively in one patient only. Radiological and histopathological variations were studied. On reviewing the images, characteristic imaging findings were observed in a few cases. As minimally invasive trans sphenoidal approach is sufficient for treating these lesions, pre operative diagnosis is important

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Not AvailableClimate change leads to several environmental stresses that affects livestock production. In order to re-store the productive potential the animals need to adapt to the existing climatic conditions. An animal may respond to a particular stress either through behavioral, physiological or by a combination of both and reactions of an animal to a particular stress can vary based on the animal’s earlier experience with the stressors, the duration and its intensity, the physiological status and environmental restraints. The aim of this study is therefore to understand the significance of behavioral responses in livestock adaptation. In the livestock sector, stress is considered as a reflex reaction that happens when animals are undergone through severe climatic and environmental changes and this can lead to several unfavorable consequences which can lead to even death of an animal. The discomfort which has been faced by the animals due to such stress conditions are resolved by them by generating various adaptation techniques. These adaptation techniques generated can compromise the productivity and performance of an animal. Farm animals try to cope up with different stresses by using behavioral stress responses. A better understanding of the behavior of livestock could enable improved handling and animal welfare. Assessing the behavioural response should help the farmers to take immediate step to identify and minimize the stressful conditions faced by their animals and should keep their animals in a comfort zone by employing better management strategies.Not Availabl