Extra-uterine (abdominal) full term foetus in a 15-day pregnant rabbit

[EN] Background: While ectopic pregnancies account for 1-2% of all pregnancies, abdominal pregnancy is extremely rare, accounting for approximately 1% of ectopic pregnancies. Extrauterine abdominal pregnancy is defined as the implantation and development of an embryo in the peritoneal cavity. The present report is the first of an incidental case of abdominal pregnancy within four full-term foetus simultaneously with 2 weeks of physiological gestation in a healthy doe rabbit. Case presentation: The doe was born on November 3, 2014 and the first partum took place on May 18, 2015. The doe had previously delivered and weaned an average of 12.0 +/- 1.41 live kits at birth (no stillbirths were recorded) during 5 consecutive pregnancies. The last mating was on December 18, 2015 and the detection of pregnancy failure post breeding (by abdominal palpation) on December 31, 2015. Then, the doe was artificially inseminated on January 27, 2016, diagnosed pregnant on February 11, 2016 and subsequently euthanized to recover the foetus. A ventral midline incision revealed a reproductive tract with 12 implantation sites with 15 days old foetus and 4 term foetus in abdominal cavity. There were two foetus floating on either side of the abdominal cavity and two suspended near the greater curvature of the stomach. They were attached to internal organs by means of one or 2 thread-like blood vessels that linked them to the abdominal surfaces. Conclusions: In our opinion a systematic monitoring of rabbit breeding should be included to fully understand and enhance current knowledge of this phenomenon of abdominal pregnancy.This work was supported by Spanish Research Project AGL2014-53405-C2-1-P (Interministerial Commission on Science and Technology).Marco-Jiménez, F.; Garcia-Dominguez, X.; Valdes-Hernández, J.; Vicente Antón, JS. (2017). 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Gestational trophoblastic disease in a tertiary hospital in Nnewi, southeast Nigeria

Objective: This study was conducted to evaluate the prevalence of GTD and describe its clinical features and management in a tertiary level hospital inNnewi SoutheastNigeria. Methods: We studied retrospectively the cases of GTD that were proved histologically and managed in the department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology of Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital Nnewi over a 5 years period (200 - 2008). Results: The frequency of GTD inNnewi is 4.6 per 100 deliveries. Ten (66.7%) of the cases were choriocarcinoma while 5(33.3%) were hydatidiform mole. There was no case of invasive mole or placental site trophoblastic tumour (PSTT). The age range of the patients was 15 - 46 years with a mean of 31&@177; 8.6 years. There was no significant association between age and GTD (X2 = 4.5; p = 0.609) and between Parity and GTD (x2 =1.87; p = 0.171 ). Most of the patients (73.3%) presented in late second trimester and the comm onest mode of presentation was abnormal vaginal bleeding. The symphysio - fundal height was more than the estimated gestational age in 9(60%) of cases. All the patients made an earlier presentation in different peripheral hospitals and were managed as incomplete miscarriage prior to presentation in our hospital. The average duration of follow - up in these patients was 2.4 =3.2 weeks. Contraception use was documented in 3 (20%) of the patients. Conclusion: There was a high prevalence of GTD and notably choriocarcinoma. The associated mortality was high. There was lack of suspicion of the pathology among the primary healthcare providers. This study suggests that all cases of evacuation products should be subjected to histopathological examination. There is the need to emphasize the role of adequate and appropriate counselling in the management of the patients with GTD. Call and recall system should be introduced in the management of patients with GTD to improve their compliance to recommended management standard. This will improve the prognosis of the condition in our women

Effects of Computer-Based Test (CBT) and Paper and Pencil Test (PPT) on Academic Achievement and Test Anxiety of Secondary School Students in Economics

Investigated in this study are the effects of Computer Based Test (CBT) and Paper and Pencil Tests (PPT) on Secondary School (SS) students’ academic achievement and test anxiety in Economics. The pretest-posttest non-randomized control group design was used as the research design. The study was done in Asaba, Delta State, Nigeria. All SS II students who offered Economics comprised the study’s population. 107 SS II students were selected as the sample. Two instruments - Economics Achievement Test (EAT) and Test Anxiety Inventory (TAI) were used for data collection. Both EAT and TAI was validated by the experts. The reliability coefficients of the instruments were .95 and .68, respectively. The data collected were analyzed using mean statistics to answer two research questions, whereas two formulated null hypotheses were tested at a .05 level of significance using ANCOVA. The findings of the study indicated that students’ mean achievement scores in PPT were slightly higher than students’ mean achievement scores in CBT and the students’ mean achievement scores were significantly different. Students in PPT exhibited greater test anxiety than their counterparts in CBT, even though the difference in the mean test anxiety scores of students in CBT and PPT was not significant. Based on the findings, the study recommended, among others, that the Federal Government should make and implement policies to mandate SSs to use PPT for all internal assessments in various subjects in the country

Efficacy of zinc supplementation for the treatment of dysmenorrhoea: a double-blind randomised controlled trial

Objectives To determine the efficacy of zinc sulfate supplementation in managing dysmenorrhoea. Methods In total, 103 high school students were randomised into an experimental arm (52 students) and a control arm (51 students) and received 40-mg zinc sulfate or placebo, respectively, over three cycles. Primary outcome measures were the mean Visual Analogue Scale score, which measured pain over three cycles, and the frequency of nausea and vomiting. Secondary outcomes were the use of additional analgesics and the frequency of allergic reactions. Results Fifty participants were analysed in each group. Mean pain scores were not significantly different between the groups before administering zinc sulfate therapy. Following the intervention, the mean pain scores for the treatment (2.80 ± 2.28) and placebo (3.48 ± 2.85) groups were not significantly different in the first cycle; however, scores in the treatment group were significantly better in the second (2.56 ± 1.97 vs 3.80 ± 2.77) and third (1.95 ± 1.72 vs 3.95 ± 2.82) cycles. No significant differences were observed between the groups in the nausea and vomiting incidence and the requirement for additional analgesics. Conclusions Zinc sulfate reduces dysmenorrhoea severity with minimal or no adverse effects, especially with more than one cycle of usage. Trial Registration Number: PACTR202105843292338. The trial is publicly available and was registered at www.pactr.org on 25 May 2021

Active versus expectant management for premature rupture of membranes at term: A randomized, controlled study

Objective To compare the effects on feto-maternal outcomes of expectant versus active management for premature rupture of membranes (PROM) at term. Methods This was a prospective randomized (1:1) controlled study involving 86 pregnant-women who received either expectant management (n = 43) or active management with misoprostol (n = 43) for PROM at term. Primary outcome was route of delivery. Secondary outcomes were: PROM to presentation interval; latency period; PROM to delivery interval; recruitment to delivery interval; labour and delivery complications. Results Baseline-characteristics were similar between groups. There was no significant difference between active and expectant groups in mean PROM to presentation/admission, or PROM to delivery. However, mean latency period (11.1 ± 7.3 hours vs 8.8 ± 5.5 hours) and mean recruitment to delivery intervals after PROM (14.7 ± 5.2 hours vs 11.8 ± 5.0 hours) were significantly shorter for the active group compared with the expectant group. Although the rate of caesarean section was less in expectant management group (21%) compared with the active management group (30%), the difference was not statistically significant. There were no significant differences between groups in delivery or perinatal complications. Conclusion Active and expectant management for PROM at term gave comparable outcomes in terms of methods of delivery and complications. However, active management significantly shortened the latency period and induction to delivery intervals compared with expectant management. Trial-Registration: Pan-African-trial-registry-(PACTR)-approval-number PACTR20220679773408