Phenylketonuria: Protein content and amino acids profile of dishes for phenylketonuric patients. The relevance of phenylalanine

Phenylketonuria is an inborn error of metabolism, involving, in most cases, a deficient activity of phenylalanine hydroxylase. Neonatal diagnosis and a prompt special diet (low phenylalanine and natural-protein restricted diets) are essential to the treatment. The lack of data concerning phenylalanine contents of processed foodstuffs is an additional limitation for an already very restrictive diet. Our goals were to quantify protein (Kjeldahl method) and amino acid (18) content (HPLC/fluorescence) in 16 dishes specifically conceived for phenylketonuric patients, and compare the most relevant results with those of several international food composition databases. As might be expected, all the meals contained low protein levels (0.67–3.15 g/100 g) with the highest ones occurring in boiled rice and potatoes. These foods also contained the highest amounts of phenylalanine (158.51 and 62.65 mg/100 g, respectively). In contrast to the other amino acids, it was possible to predict phenylalanine content based on protein alone. Slight deviations were observed when comparing results with the different food composition databases

Targeting specific nutrient deficiencies in proteinrestricted diets: some practical facts in PKU dietary management

Among aminoacidopathies, phenylketonuria (PKU) is the most prevalent one. Early diagnosis in the neonatal period with a prompt nutritional therapy (low natural-protein and phenylalanine diet, supplemented with phenylalanine-free amino acid mixtures and special low-protein foods) remains the mainstay of the treatment. Data considering nutrient contents of cooked dishes is lacking. In this study, fourteen dishes specifically prepared for PKU individuals were analysed, regarding the lipid profile and iron and zinc contents. These dishes are poor sources of essential nutrients like Fe, Zn or n-3 fatty acids, reinforcing the need for adequate supplementation to cover individual patients’ needs. This study can contribute to a more accurate adjustment of PKU diets and supplementation in order to prevent eventual nutritional deficiencies. This study contributes to a better understanding of nutrient intake from PKU patients’ meals, showing the need for dietary supplementation

Determinação das frações proteicas e de carboidratos e estimativa do valor energético de forrageiras e subprodutos da agroindústria produzidos no Nordeste Brasileiro.

O presente estudo objetivou caracterizar as frações de carboidratos e proteína, e estimar o valor energético de forrageiras nativas e adaptadas, e de subprodutos da agroindústria produzidos na região Nordeste do Brasil. Para obtenção do fracionamento dos carboidratos, de acordo com o sistema CNCPS, foram calculados os carboidratos totais, suas frações B2, C e os componentes solúveis em detergente neutro. Para determinação das frações nitrogenadas, foram analisados os compostos nitrogenados não- proteicos, nitrogênio solúvel e insolúvel em tampão borato-fosfato e nitrogênio protéico insolúvel em detergente neutro e em detergente ácido. Para estimativa do NDT foram utilizadas as equações propostas pelo NRC (2001). As frações de carboidratos dos subprodutos analisados variaram de 19,35 a 58,52%; 9,95 a 61,44% e 15,35 a 70,06% para A+B1, B2 e C, respectivamente. Nas forrageiras, as frações A, B1, B2, B3 e C dos compostos nitrogenados apresentaram variação de 9,84 a 42,33%; 1,58 a 11,47%; 48,63 a 80,10%; 0,70 a 6,13% e 0,43 a 2,86%, respectivamente. O NDT estimado das forrageiras variou de 48,30 a 65,42%, enquanto para os subprodutos variou de 31,41 a 128,90%. O fracionamento dos compostos nitrogenados e de carboidratos são metodologias simples e devem ser usuais em laboratórios de avaliação de alimentos

Gut-central nervous system axis is a target for nutritional therapies

Historically, in the 1950s, the chemist Linus Pauling established a relationship between decreased longevity and obesity. At this time, with the advent of studies involving the mechanisms that modulate appetite control, some researchers observed that the hypothalamus is the "appetite centre" and that peripheral tissues have important roles in the modulation of gut inflammatory processes and levels of hormones that control food intake. Likewise, the advances of physiological and molecular mechanisms for patients with obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, inflammatory bowel diseases, bariatric surgery and anorexia-associated diseases has been greatly appreciated by nutritionists. Therefore, this review highlights the relationship between the gut-central nervous system axis and targets for nutritional therapies

Produção orgânica de milho crioulo: Fazenda Vista Alegre.

A presente publicação busca enriquecer o conhecimento acerca da produção regional de milho orgânico, de variedade crioula, como a experiência conduzida em área de produtor rural, no município mineiro de Capim Branco, Minas Gerais, conhecida como a capital mineira dos orgânicos. A análise econômica do modelo de produção orgânico também foi objeto desse estudo, apresentando seus benefícios. Por apresentar informações para subsidiar a produção orgânica sustentável, esta pesquisa também responde aos Objetivos do Desenvolvimento Sustentável (ODS), no atendimento à meta 2.4 -“Até 2030, garantir sistemas sustentáveis de produção de alimentos e implementar práticas agrícolas resilientes, que aumentem a produtividade e a produção, que ajudem a manter os ecossistemas, que fortaleçam a capacidade de adaptação às mudanças climáticas, às condições meteorológicas extremas, secas, inundações e outros desastres, e que melhorem progressivamente a qualidade da terra e do solo”, na medida em que as práticas adotadas para produção orgânica de milho caminham no sentido da produzir alimentos de forma saudável, com sustentabilidade do solo e menores prejuízos ao meio ambiente.ODS 2

Snowmass Neutrino Frontier: DUNE Physics Summary

The Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE) is a next-generation long-baseline neutrino oscillation experiment with a primary physics goal of observing neutrino and antineutrino oscillation patterns to precisely measure the parameters governing long-baseline neutrino oscillation in a single experiment, and to test the three-flavor paradigm. DUNE's design has been developed by a large, international collaboration of scientists and engineers to have unique capability to measure neutrino oscillation as a function of energy in a broadband beam, to resolve degeneracy among oscillation parameters, and to control systematic uncertainty using the exquisite imaging capability of massive LArTPC far detector modules and an argon-based near detector. DUNE's neutrino oscillation measurements will unambiguously resolve the neutrino mass ordering and provide the sensitivity to discover CP violation in neutrinos for a wide range of possible values of $\delta_{CP}$. DUNE is also uniquely sensitive to electron neutrinos from a galactic supernova burst, and to a broad range of physics beyond the Standard Model (BSM), including nucleon decays. DUNE is anticipated to begin collecting physics data with Phase I, an initial experiment configuration consisting of two far detector modules and a minimal suite of near detector components, with a 1.2 MW proton beam. To realize its extensive, world-leading physics potential requires the full scope of DUNE be completed in Phase II. The three Phase II upgrades are all necessary to achieve DUNE's physics goals: (1) addition of far detector modules three and four for a total FD fiducial mass of at least 40 kt, (2) upgrade of the proton beam power from 1.2 MW to 2.4 MW, and (3) replacement of the near detector's temporary muon spectrometer with a magnetized, high-pressure gaseous argon TPC and calorimeter.Comment: Contribution to Snowmass 202