Scientometric Profile of Biochemistry research in India: A Study based on Web of Science.

The paper examines 25,132 biochemistry research contributions of Indian scientists covered in the Web of Science for a period of 10 years (2004-2013). It was found that the biochemistry research is gradually growing and average annual growth rate was 36.84 per cent. The solo research was not prevalent and team research is more in the Indian biochemistry research and 97.46 per cent publications were contributed by multi- authors. It was observed that the value of co- authorship index was generally increasing and it varied from 93 to 105 during the period of study. Journal articles contribute 89.43 per cent of the total output followed by reviews (7.14 %). Indian researchers collaborate largely with the researchers of USA (2.49 %). The geographical distribution shows that Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh and Delhi lead the list. The study shows that, C. Abdul Jaleel (58) and L. Pai (37) are the top ranked authors in the field. ‘Plos One’ is the top ranked journal and it published 296 papers during the study period. Academic institutions contribute more number of papers (50.26 %) followed by research institutions (28.24 %). The Lotka’s law was not found fit with the observed author productivity distribution of Indian biochemistry research

PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING AND EVALUATION OF IN-VITRO ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF DROSERA SPATULATA VAR BAKOENSIS- AN INDIGENOUS CARNIVOROUS PLANT AGAINST RESPIRATORY TRACT INFECTIOUS MICROBES.

Objective: In the present study, the phytochemical constituents of Drosera spatulata, have been evaluated and antimicrobial activity was screened against respiratory tract infectious microbes.Methods: The phytochemicals present in Drosera spatulata by qualitative phytochemical assays and the antimicrobial activity along with MIC, MBC and BIC were determined against S. aureus, Klebsiella pneumonia and S.Pneumonia the causative organisms of pulmonary infections, mainly effects the nasal pharynx, trachea, and lungs as well as Aspergillus niger.Results: Aqueous, ethanol, methanol extracts of thick roots, open flower and hair of Drosera spatulata var bakoensis against this pathogenic bacteria and fungi showed high zone of inhibition which estimated by disc-diffusion method as well as minimum inhibition concentration manifestation by the broth microdilution assay followed MBC and BIC. The values of MIC, MBC and BIC obtained were between 0.3-0.9, 0.36-2.25, 0.12 - 0.37 mg/mL. The results revealed that the plant extracts of Drosera spatulata var bakoensis have high potential even at low concentrations values against bacteria and fungi cultures and this results validated by the presence of high amounts of alkaloids, quinones, anthraquinones, flavonoids in the plant extracts. Conclusion: In the present study, the results showed the presence of high amounts of alkaloids, flavonoids, quninoes, anthraquinones, terpinoids in Drasera spatulata plant.  In the antibacterial and antifungal activity, the ethanol and methanol extracts significantly showed the activity against the tested respiratory disease causing bacteria and antifungal properties with zone of inhibition showed more than aqueous extracts at very low concentration

A COMPARATIVE STUDY ON THE IN-VITRO ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF THE ROOTS OF FOUR THOTTEA SPECIES

Objective: The main objective of the present study was to investigate the antimicrobial activity of the methanol extract of the roots of four Thottea species. Methods: The root extracts of four Thottea species were subjected to antimicrobial assay by Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Agar Disc diffusion Assay against various medically important pathogens. Results: It is evident from the study that. Significant antibacterial activity was recorded by Thottea sivarajanii and highest activity was recorded against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus epidermis (64 µg/ml). Out of the four extracts tested for antifungal activity, Thottea barberi and Thottea ponmudiana recorded significant antifungal activity and the highest activity was recorded by T. barberi against Trichophyton rubrum (16µg/ml). Conclusion: Results offer a scientific basis for the traditional use of Thottea species in the treatment of microbial infections, showing that the plant extract has an enormous potential as a prospective alternative drug against microbial pathogens. The present study lays the basis for future studies, to validate the possible use of Thottea species as a candidate in the treatment of microbial infections

SYNTHESIS OF COPPER NANOPARTICLES USING ASCORBIC ACID AND CETYL TRIMETHYL AMMONIUM BROMIDE

Objective: The present study highlights the development of a method to synthesize copper nanoparticles (CuNPs).Methods: CuNPs were developed using 0.01 M copper penta sulfate and 0.11 M of ascorbic acid (AA) and 0.03 M of cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide solution. The synthesized CuNPs were differentiated through filtration and washed by water (deionized). CuNPs were kept in dialysis bag 70 KD in a 250 mL glass beaker along with distilled water. The assembly was kept on a magnetic stirrer for 24 h at 500 rpm. Then, the dialysis bag containing CuNPs solution was filtered by a filter assembly with 0.2 μm nylon filter. The filtered CuNPs were spray dried with the help of spray drier.Results: The prepared CuNPs were found to be 440 nm with zeta potential of −10 mV and polydispersity index 0.314.Conclusion: The investigation deciphers the promising and material technique to synthesis of CuNPs by methods for synthetic reduction utilizing strategy using AA (0.2 M) and sodium hydroxide (1 M), and Syloid 244FP

Origin of exchange bias in [Co/Pt]ML/Fe multilayer with orthogonal magnetic anisotropies

Magnetization reversal of soft ferromagnetic Fe layer, coupled to [Co/Pt]ML multilayer [ML] with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA), has been studied in-situ with an aim to understand the origin of exchange bias (EB) in orthogonal magnetic anisotropic systems. The interface remanant state of the ML is modified by magnetic field annealing, and the effect of the same on the soft Fe layer is monitored using the in-situ magneto-optical Kerr effect (MOKE). A considerable shift in the Fe layer hysteresis loop from the centre and an unusual increase in the coercivity, similar to exchange bias phenomena, is attributed to the exchange coupling at the [Co/Pt]ML and Fe interface. The effect of the coupling on spin orientation at the interface is further explored precisely by performing an isotope selective grazing incident nuclear resonance scattering (GINRS) technique. Here, the interface selectivity is achieved by introducing a 2 nm thick Fe57 marker between [Co/Pt]ML and Fe layers. Interface sensitivity is further enhanced by performing measurements under the x-ray standing wave conditions. The combined MOKE and GINRS analysis revealed the unidirectional pinning of the Fe layer due to the net in-plane magnetic spin at the interface caused by magnetic field annealing. Unidirectional exchange coupling or pinning at the interface, which may be due to the formation of asymmetrical closure domains, is found responsible for the origin of EB with an unusual increase in coercivity.Comment: 9 figures, 1 tabl

A conceptual study of anatomy and pathophysiology of Koshtha with its clinical importance in Ayurveda

According to Ayurveda Tridosha and Panchamahabhuta are the functional and structural entity of body so the anatomy, physiology, pathology and treatment are based upon the principle of Tridosha and Panchamahabhut Siddhanta and these principles are formulating the concept of Aayu, Bala, Prakriti and Koshtha. The line of treatment, drug selection, dose determination as well as indication and contraindication of Aahar and Vihar are based upon the above concept. So, a huge study is needed to explore the above concept by the anatomical, physiological, pathological and clinical approach. Out of them the concept of Kohstha can be explore by the study of Koshtha and its anatomical determination, physiology of Koshtha, Koshtha Pariksha and utility of Koshtha in Sodhana and shaman Chikitsa

ANALYSIS OF FIRE DETECTION MODULE FOR AUTOMATIC SECURITY SYSTEM AND EXTINGUISHING ROBOT

In the late years, mechanical technology has ended up being a fixing over which numerous individuals had demonstrated their advantage. Apply autonomy has picked up prevalence because of the headway of numerous advancements of processing and nano advances. Along these lines, we proposed to plan something that can make people life less demanding and agreeable. This venture, which is our attempt to plan a putting out fires robot. Involves a machine which not just has the essential elements of a robot, additionally can recognize fire and smother it. The need of great importance is to make a gadget which can identify fire, regardless of the possibility that it is little and make the vital move to put it off. Numerous house hold thing burst into flames when somebody is either resting or away and that lead numerous risky conditions if the flame is not putted off in time. In this way, we fill in as a gadgets specialist is to plan and manufacture framework that can consequently identify and smother fire. We have utilized extremely fundamental idea here, straightforward from the forthcoming of apprentices or for the bosses of this field

Beneficial Image Preprocessing by Contrast Enhancement Techniquefor SEM Images

In this paper a morphological filtering algorithm using an exposure thresholding and measures of central tendency hasbeen proposed for solving the low contrast of Scanning Electron Microscopic (SEM) images of composite materials foraccurate Filler Content Estimation. SEM image of a composite material comprises visible morphological structures likefillers such as silica nanoparticles. The SEM image analysis via segmentation will assist in the study of distribution of thesestructures. The estimation of the filler content is more accurate only when the SEM images have proper contrast for analysisif not the results lead to less accuracy. To overcome this drawback, we have proposed a preprocessing technique to increasethe contrast of SEM images. So that the preprocessed image can be used for post processing namely segmentation and hencethe error is less for filler content estimation. We introduced the transformations using morphological processing to extractthe bright and darker features of the images. The optimum threshold value is determined by the image exposure. A detailedcomparative analysis with other existing techniques has been performed to prove the superior performance of the proposedmethod