Memorándum de Montevideo

288 p.; 14 x 21.5 cm.Libro ElectrónicoEste documento, toma como base el memorándum de Montevideo, documento que reunió a representantes de la industria, medios de comunicación, legisladores, jueces, padres de familia, organizaciones de la sociedad civil y autoridades en educación con el objeto de fomentar el diálogo, conocer el estado que guarda la cuestión en nuestro país, definir las estrategias y alentar la adopción de políticas públicas encaminadas a la protección de los menores en Internet.El documento contiene una serie de recomendaciones dirigidas a organismos gubernamentales, a legisladores, a jueces, a la sociedad y a la industria de las redes sociales, para que, en el ámbito de sus respectivas competencias, se comprometan a trabajar a favor de la protección de los menores y de sus datos.El “Memorándum sobre la protección de datos personales y la vida privada en las redes sociales en Internet, en particular de niños, niñas y adolescentes” referido también como Memorándum de Montevideo, contiene una serie de recomendaciones dirigidas a organismos gubernamentales, a legisladores, a jueces, pero también a la sociedad y a la industria de las redes sociales para que en el ámbito de sus respectivas competencias, se comprometan a trabajar a favor de la protección de los menores y de sus datos. El Instituto Federal de Acceso a la Información y Protección de Datos (IFAI) en su carácter de autoridad garante de la protección de datos personales en la Administración Pública Federal mexicana como en el ámbito privado, ha querido sumarse al esfuerzo del Centro Internacional de Investigaciones para el Desarrollo (IDRC), para extender los aspectos positivos de la información y el conocimiento, incluyendo desde luego, al Internet y a las redes sociales, a la vez que para prevenir aquellas prácticas perjudiciales o impactos negativos que conllevan y que suelen ser difíciles de revertir una vez que han hecho daño. Conscientes de que la sociabilización en la región de este documento, implica comprender que el Internet no tiene fronteras y, en este sentido que se requiere de un esfuerzo conjunto sin límites, el 3 de diciembre de 2009 se presentó el Memorándum de Montevideo en la Ciudad de México, congregando a los representantes de la industria, medios de comunicación, legisladores, jueces, padres ade familia, organizaciones de la sociedad civil y autoridades en educación con el objeto de fomentar el diálogo, conocer el estado que guarda la cuestión en nuestra región, definir las estrategias y alentar a la adopción de políticas públicas encaminadas a la protección de los menores en Internet. tecedentes y la evolución del a partir de la visión de libertades y derechos. Asimismo, aporta un análisis desde la perspectiva de género y su carácter transversal en la vida real y en consecuencia en el entorno digital, al tiempo que brinda herramientas para la protección del menor desde el anonimato con un balance entre el derecho a la libertad de expresión y la protección de la privacidad. El texto aquí presentado aborda desde la teoría y la práctica la protección en el entorno digital y muestra casos exitosos en la región.Presentación. El Memorándum de Montevideo: un marco de referencia para la protección de los datos personales de los jóvenes en Internet en la región Iberoamericana /Chantal Bernier Prólogo. Protección de las niñas, niños y adolescentes en el ámbito digital: responsabilidad democrática de las instituciones de gobierno y de las agencias de protección de datos / Jacqueline Peschard El enfoque de derechos en el “Memorándum de Montevideo” / Farith Simon Campaña Impacto y evolución de las redes sociales digitales:libertades y derechos / Carlos G. Gregorio El derecho de las niñas, niños y adolescente a la protección de sus datos personales: evolución de derechos y su exigencia frente a las redes sociales / Lina Ornelas Presentación. El Memorándum de Montevideo: un marco de referencia para la protección de los datos personales de los jóvenes en Internet en la región Iberoamericana / Chantal Bernier Género e Internet / Florencia Barindelli a protección de las niñas, niños y adolescentes y el principio de anonimato aplicado a la Sociedad de la Información y el Conocimiento. Una reflexión sobre la no-identificación funcional en el nuevo entorno tecnológico / Gabriela Mendoza Correa Redes sociales y vida privada: una ecuación posible / Rosario Duaso Calés Protección de la privacidad y datos personales de niños, niñas y adolescentes en la web: una responsabilidad compartida. La experiencia educativa en Cundinamarca, Colombia / Walter Esquivel Gutiérrez y Zareth Díaz García Programas de prevención y educación para el uso de las redes sociales: la experiencia de Brasil / Rodrigo Nejm Apéndice Documental Memorándum de Montevideo. Memorándum sobre la protección de datos personales y la vida privada en las redes sociales en Internet, en particular de niños, niñas y adolescente

Microwave and RF Applications for Micro-resonator based Frequency Combs

Photonic integrated circuits that exploit nonlinear optics in order to generate and process signals all-optically have achieved performance far superior to that possible electronically - particularly with respect to speed. We review the recent achievements based in new CMOS-compatible platforms that are better suited than SOI for nonlinear optics, focusing on radio frequency (RF) and microwave based applications that exploit micro-resonator based frequency combs. We highlight their potential as well as the challenges to achieving practical solutions for many key applications. These material systems have opened up many new capabilities such as on-chip optical frequency comb generation and ultrafast optical pulse generation and measurement. We review recent work on a photonic RF Hilbert transformer for broadband microwave in-phase and quadrature-phase generation based on an integrated frequency optical comb. The comb is generated using a nonlinear microring resonator based on a CMOS compatible, high-index contrast, doped-silica glass platform. The high quality and large frequency spacing of the comb enables filters with up to 20 taps, allowing us to demonstrate a quadrature filter with more than a 5-octave (3 dB) bandwidth and an almost uniform phase response.Comment: 10 pages, 6 figures, 68 references. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:1512.0174

A human-centered Web-based tool for the effective real-time motion data collection and annotation from BLE IoT devices

The effective utilization of real-world data is an integral part of any IoT monitoring or AI-assisted system. Thus, data collection and annotation is an important step towards the successful development and realization of such systems. Nevertheless, in order to create reliable datasets, current data collection and annotation methodologies often require a controlled environment while also the presence of the volunteer contributing to the process, or any subject for that matter, and an expert, monitoring the procedure, is mandatory. These processes are heavily restrained by the recent COVID-19 pandemic outbreak.To address such issues, in this paper we propose a human-centered Web-based dataset creation and annotation tool that utilizes the Web Bluetooth API. The user can effectively collect gestures from a nearby device that supports the BLE protocol, assign tags to the collected data, and store them remotely, in real-time. The data storage, as well as its annotation, can also be performed remotely by an expert stakeholder. An off-the-shelf wearable sensorial device has been used indicatively for our tool demonstration purposes. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first attempt that exploits the Web Bluetooth API capabilities for the development of a Browser-based real-time data collection, storage, and annotation tool. Our tool can be also expanded to other applications that use the sensing device with only minor configuration changes and is also operable through any smart-device that supports a Web-Browser. Furthermore, our tool's performance matches that of native applications'. Finally, the tool is successfully deployed and validated by integrating it into our ongoing ML platform that is related to allergic rhinitis gesture recognition

A Complementary Sensing Platform for a holistic approach to Allergic Rhinitis monitoring

Allergic diseases and, in particular, allergic rhinitis are among the most common chronic diseases, inducing disturbances in daily activities. They are caused primarily by the pollens of allergenic plants and symptoms can deteriorate due to various ambient conditions which work as irritants, such as humidity. In this paper, we present the development of an eHealth/mHealth holistic platform that utilizes the technologies of Internet of Things (IoT), Mobile Crowdsensing (MCS), Social Networking Services, Natural Language Processing (NLP), and Machine Learning (ML), in order to work as a sentinel and disease prevention tool for patients with allergic rhinitis symptoms. By efficiently combining human with machine intelligence, we provide a complementary sensing method for the comprehensive and large-scale monitoring of the disease in broad regions, and in real-time. Moreover, the users of our platform are encouraged to engage in the sensing process through a personalized health monitoring system in order to keep a constant awareness of their symptoms and, thus, deliver a successful adherence to their treatment. As an important use case, we adapted our platform to the USA region, but it can be easily extended to any other area with minor modifications. The design and complete implementation of our platform has been performed and validated in close cooperation with well-recognized academic medical doctors based in Greece who specialize in the control of allergic diseases (and rhinitis in particular) and provided valuable insights and detailed requirements analysis about the functionality and usability of the platform. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study that examines allergic rhinitis monitoring in a complementary manner and on large scale, with the utilization of hybrid data sources

Melanopsin (Opn4) Requirement for Normal Light-Induced Circadian Phase Shifting

like the latter two groups, mammals lack functional extraocular photoreceptors (28); thus, redundancy in photoreception is confined to the retina. One challenge is to determine the relative contributions of melanopsin, rod/cone opsins, cryptochromes, and other currently uncharacterized photopigments in communicating photic information to the circadian system. Fluorescent lights (Philips F32T8/TL741 Hi-Vision, 4100 K) were used both for light pulses and for overhead lighting in the activity recording room. Light intensity on the cage floor ranged from 20 to 60 W⅐cm Ϫ2 or 70 to 280 lux for light pulses and from 10 to 30 W⅐cm Ϫ2 or 30 to 120 lux for LD and LL conditions, depending on the location of the sensor in the cage. Light was measured in both radiometric (International Light, model IL-1405 Radiometer System) and photometric (Iso-Tech, ILM 350) units of measure to facilitate comparison between traditional photoreception and circadian studies. Mice used for in situ hybridization were sacrificed at the end of the light or dark pulse and their brains were frozen on dry ice. In situ experiments were performed as described in (16). Small sample sizes precluded statistical evaluation of c-fos levels

Inseguridades : medios de comunicación, derechos humanos, estado, vulnerabilidad e imaginarios sociales

Esta compilación cuidadosamente organizada por Roberto Samar toca prácticamente los puntos más neurálgicos de los problemas del poder punitivo en la actualidad. No cometeré el error de pasar revista a cada una de las contribuciones, sino que, sobrevolando éstas, quisiera dejar unas pocas líneas que permitan contextualizar aún más lo que por momentos pueden parecer cables sueltos que inviten al desgano ante la pluralidad de cuestiones. En la etapa de poder planetario que vivimos -que suele llamarse globalización-, nada es aislado y juzgaríamos muy mal nuestros problemas si los considerásemos como un puro producto argentino o latinoamericano, como también si no contextualizamos nuestros problemas desde la perspectiva del poder.Fil: Samar, Roberto. Universidad Nacional del Comahue. Facultad de Derecho y Ciencias Sociales; Argentin

The potential benefits of low-molecular-weight heparins in cancer patients

Cancer patients are at increased risk of venous thromboembolism due to a range of factors directly related to their disease and its treatment. Given the high incidence of post-surgical venous thromboembolism in cancer patients and the poor outcomes associated with its development, thromboprophylaxis is warranted. A number of evidence-based guidelines delineate anticoagulation regimens for venous thromboembolism treatment, primary and secondary prophylaxis, and long-term anticoagulation in cancer patients. However, many give equal weight to several different drugs and do not make specific recommendations regarding duration of therapy. In terms of their efficacy and safety profiles, practicality of use, and cost-effectiveness the low-molecular-weight heparins are at least comparable to, and offer several advantages over, other available antithrombotics in cancer patients. In addition, data are emerging that the antithrombotics, and particularly low-molecular-weight heparins, may exert an antitumor effect which could contribute to improved survival in cancer patients when given for long-term prophylaxis. Such findings reinforce the importance of thromboprophylaxis with low-molecular-weight heparin in cancer patients

Cambridge Monographs in Experimental Biology

and the magnitude of FCT. Because active torque is proportional to n 2 and passive torque to n, the ratio of active to passive torque increases as n increases (Eq. 5), even while both quantities increase individuallẏ The increase in the ratio indicates an enhanced capability for active maneuvers and active stabilization, whereas the increase in FCT adds to passive stability. Thus, increasing wingbeat frequency enhances both maneuverability and stability. Hummingbirds provide an interesting example; males typically have greater wingbeat frequencies (21) and smaller body sizes as compared to females of the same species, potentially conferring a benefit in maneuverability and therefore an advantage in display flights (22) as well as greater stability when experiencing an external perturbation. These benefits are not without cost, because increasing wingbeat frequency increases the inertial and profile power requirements of flapping flight. Finally, the success of our FCT model in predicting yaw deceleration dynamics implies that passive damping may be important to flight control in flying animals across a wide range of body sizes. For example, if a steadily flapping animal experiences a brief perturbation in midstroke, by the time it is prepared to execute a corrective wingbeat, FCT will have eroded much of the effect of the perturbation, regardless of the wingbeat frequency employed by the animal. Thus, FCT provides open loop stability for some aspects of animal flight, reducing its neuromuscular and neurosensory requirements. These are not eliminated, because FCT results in asymmetric forces from symmetric flapping, implying that the animal's muscles must generate asymmetric forces and suggesting neural regulation to enforce symmetry. Furthermore, FCT does not address all the stability problems faced by flying animals. This study is limited to yaw dynamics in hovering or slow-speed flight; FCT is likely to be influential in fast forward flight, but no data are available to test such predictions. More important, a full description of body dynamics involves many factors beyond FCT and includes modes such as pitching and longitudinal dynamics known to be inherently unstable in open loop conditions (23, 24) and subject to active control (25, 26). Finally, yaw damping due to FCT is a feature of flapping flight that is not found in human-made fixed-wing or rotary-wing flyers and may lead to improvements in the stability and maneuverability of biomimetic micro-air vehicles. 11. S. P. Sane, J. Exp. Biol. 206, 4191 (2003). 12. J. R. Usherwood, C. P. Ellington, J. Exp. Biol. 205, 1565 Synonymous mutations do not alter the encoded protein, but they can influence gene expression. To investigate how, we engineered a synthetic library of 154 genes that varied randomly at synonymous sites, but all encoded the same green fluorescent protein (GFP). When expressed in Escherichia coli, GFP protein levels varied 250-fold across the library. GFP messenger RNA (mRNA) levels, mRNA degradation patterns, and bacterial growth rates also varied, but codon bias did not correlate with gene expression. Rather, the stability of mRNA folding near the ribosomal binding site explained more than half the variation in protein levels. In our analysis, mRNA folding and associated rates of translation initiation play a predominant role in shaping expression levels of individual genes, whereas codon bias influences global translation efficiency and cellular fitness. T he theory of codon bias posits that preferred codons correlate with the abundances of iso-accepting tRNAs (1, 2) and thereby increase translational efficiency (3) and accuracy (4). Recent experiments have revealed other effects of silent mutations (5-7). We synthesized a library of green fluorescent protein (GFP) genes that varied randomly in their codon usage, but encoded the same amino acid sequence (8). By placing these constructs in identical regulatory contexts and measuring their expression, we isolated the effects of synonymous variation on gene expression. The GFP gene consists of 240 codons. For 226 of these codons, we introduced random silent mutations in the third base position, while keeping the first and second positions constant We expressed the GFP genes in E. coli using a T7-promoter vector, and we quantified expression by spectrofluorometry. Fluorescence levels varied 250-fold across the library, and they were highly reproducible for each GFP construct (Spearman r = 0.98 between biological replicates)

Evidence-based approach to thrombophilia testing

Thrombophilia can be identified in about half of all patients presenting with VTE. Testing has increased tremendously for various indications, but whether the results of such tests help in the clinical management of patients has not been settled. I use evidence from observational studies to conclude that testing for hereditary thrombophilia generally does not alter the clinical management of patients with VTE, with occasional exceptions for women at fertile age. Because testing for thrombophilia only serves limited purpose this should not be performed on a routine basis