The use of simulation to prepare and improve responses to infectious disease outbreaks like COVID-19: practical tips and resources from Norway, Denmark, and the UK.

In this paper, we describe the potential of simulation to improve hospital responses to the COVID-19 crisis. We provide tools which can be used to analyse the current needs of the situation, explain how simulation can help to improve responses to the crisis, what the key issues are with integrating simulation into organisations, and what to focus on when conducting simulations. We provide an overview of helpful resources and a collection of scenarios and support for centre-based and in situ simulations

Simulation et gestion de crise

International audienceHuman factors characterize how individuals interact with their environments. Analysis of medical errors shows that among human factors, psychological, cognitive, and organizational features are directly related to the quality of care. Therefore, in addition to knowledge and control of technical procedures, care providers should be able to operate within a successful team aiming at developing an adapted therapeutic approach. Simulation is an effective method to train health professionals to these called “non-technical” skills. Various situations provided by simulation offer secured possibilities for training, assessment, and discussion that enable healthcare professionals to face critical situations, develop competences, and improve performance. Based on a literature review, the authors present useful data for the development and promotion of teamwork training in crisis management in simulation centres as well as critical care departments including intensive care, emergency medicine, and anaesthesia departments.Les facteurs humains caractérisent la façon dont les individus interagissent entre eux et avec leurs environnements. L’analyse des erreurs médicales met en évidence qu’au sein des facteurs humains, les dimensions psychologique, cognitive et organisationnelle sont directement liées à la qualité des soins. C’est pourquoi, au-delà de l’acquisition de connaissances, de la maîtrise de procédures et de gestes techniques, les soignants doivent être en mesure de fonctionner de manière performante au sein d’une équipe afin de mettre en place une démarche thérapeutique adaptée. La simulation est une méthode efficace pour former les professionnels de santé à ces capacités qualifiées de « non techniques ». Les situationsreconstruites en simulation offrent un espace sécurisé d’entraînement, d’évaluation et d’échanges qui permet aux professionnels de santé d’être confrontés à des situations critiques, de développer des compétences et d’améliorer leurs performances. À travers une revue sélective de la littérature, les auteurs présentent des données utiles à la promotion et au développement des activités de formation au travail en équipe, à la gestion de crise, dans les centres de simulation ou au sein des services de soins critiques (réanimation, soins intensifs, médecine d’urgence et anesthésie)

Ergonomics and occupational health and safety : a cost-benefit analysis model

The economic costs of occupational safety and health problems place a considerable burden on the competitiveness of both the public entities and the enterprises. Ergonomic problems at the workplace and bad work organization are part of the contributing risk factors to the above mentioned occupational safety and health problems. There are also considerable social costs of workplace accidents related to ergonomic and work organization risk factors. This paper aims to propose a model for the application of Cost-Benefit Analysis in Occupational Health and Safety, taking into account namely ergonomic aspects involved. A previous qualitative exploratory study was undertake n using the Delphi methodology to get some input from an expert panel in order to determine the most important factors which should be included in the model of cost-benefit analysis. This model permits to perform economic evaluations of risks and prevention initiatives from both the company and the society perspectives. It is an important tool to support managers and experts to make an economic analysis before the beginning of any ergonomic intervention project.(undefined