CAR-T cell. the long and winding road to solid tumors

Adoptive cell therapy of solid tumors with reprogrammed T cells can be considered the "next generation" of cancer hallmarks. CAR-T cells fail to be as effective as in liquid tumors for the inability to reach and survive in the microenvironment surrounding the neoplastic foci. The intricate net of cross-interactions occurring between tumor components, stromal and immune cells leads to an ineffective anergic status favoring the evasion from the host's defenses. Our goal is hereby to trace the road imposed by solid tumors to CAR-T cells, highlighting pitfalls and strategies to be developed and refined to possibly overcome these hurdles

Expression profile of human Fc receptors in mucosal tissue: implications for antibody-dependent cellular effector functions targeting HIV-1 transmission

The majority of new Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)-1 infections are acquired via sexual transmission at mucosal surfaces. Partial efficacy (31.2%) of the Thai RV144 HIV-1 vaccine trial has been correlated with Antibody-dependent Cellular Cytotoxicity (ADCC) mediated by non-neutralizing antibodies targeting the V1V2 region of the HIV-1 envelope. This has led to speculation that ADCC and other antibody-dependent cellular effector functions might provide an important defense against mucosal acquisition of HIV-1 infection. However, the ability of antibody-dependent cellular effector mechanisms to impact on early mucosal transmission events will depend on a variety of parameters including effector cell type, frequency, the class of Fc-Receptor (FcR) expressed, the number of FcR per cell and the glycoslyation pattern of the induced antibodies. In this study, we characterize and compare the frequency and phenotype of IgG (CD16 [FcγRIII], CD32 [FcγRII] and CD64 [FcγRI]) and IgA (CD89 [FcαR]) receptor expression on effector cells within male and female genital mucosal tissue, colorectal tissue and red blood cell-lysed whole blood. The frequency of FcR expression on CD14+ monocytic cells, myeloid dendritic cells and natural killer cells were similar across the three mucosal tissue compartments, but significantly lower when compared to the FcR expression profile of effector cells isolated from whole blood, with many cells negative for all FcRs. Of the three tissues tested, penile tissue had the highest percentage of FcR positive effector cells. Immunofluorescent staining was used to determine the location of CD14+, CD11c+ and CD56+ cells within the three mucosal tissues. We show that the majority of effector cells across the different mucosal locations reside within the subepithelial lamina propria. The potential implication of the observed FcR expression patterns on the effectiveness of FcR-dependent cellular effector functions to impact on the initial events in mucosal transmission and dissemination warrants further mechanistic studies

Terranimo - risicotool bodemverdichting, versie Nederland : Handleiding en achtergronden

Terranimo is a risk assessment tool that compares the vertical stresses in the ground caused by wheel load with the strength of the ground. The model indicates which risks are associated with carrying out specific land cultivation or transport movement at a particular time. This report describes how the tool can be used and the scientific basis on which it is based

Voorkomen en opheffen van bodemverdichting : Literatuuronderzoek en casestudie Flevoland

This report focuses on the way in which soil compaction of the subsoil (30 - 60 cm below ground level) can be prevented and eliminated. The scientific basis for the various measures was explicitly sought. This basis was not always found because the existing research is outdated, was not carried out under Dutch conditions or because it was mainly focused on the topsoil

Cityplan Eindhoven /

Catalogus van de tentoonstelling gewijd aan de vernieuwing van de stadskern van Eindhoven gehouden in het Van Abbemuseum. Een co-productie van het Van Abbemuseum, het architectenbureau Van den Broek en Bakema en Jan van Toorn, met medew. van de Dienst Ruimtelijke Ordening en Verkeer van de gemeente Eindhoven.Cover titl