873 research outputs found

    Sobre la transubstanciación

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    Sobre la transubstanciación

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    Events, processes, and the time of a killing

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    The paper proposes a novel solution to the problem of the time of a killing (ToK), which persistently besets theories of act-individuation. The solution proposed claims to expose a crucial wrong-headed assumption in the debate, according to which ToK is essentially a problem of locating some event that corresponds to the killing. The alternative proposal put forward here turns on recognizing a separate category of dynamic occurents, viz. processes. The paper does not aim to mount a comprehensive defense of process ontology, relying instead on extant defenses. The primary aim is rather to put process ontology to work in diagnosing the current state of play over ToK, and indeed in solving it

    Seriously misleading results using inverse of Freeman-Tukey double arcsine transformation in meta-analysis of single proportions.

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    Standard generic inverse variance methods for the combination of single proportions are based on transformed proportions using the logit, arcsine, and Freeman-Tukey double arcsine transformations. Generalized linear mixed models are another more elaborate approach. Irrespective of the approach, meta-analysis results are typically back-transformed to the original scale in order to ease interpretation. Whereas the back-transformation of meta-analysis results is straightforward for most transformations, this is not the case for the Freeman-Tukey double arcsine transformation, albeit possible. In this case study with five studies, we demonstrate how seriously misleading the back-transformation of the Freeman-Tukey double arcsine transformation can be. We conclude that this transformation should only be used with special caution for the meta-analysis of single proportions due to potential problems with the back-transformation. Generalized linear mixed models seem to be a promising alternative

    La première personne

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    La première personne

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    Elementos y esencias

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    La autora compara los modos en que Aristóteles, los filósofos materialistas antiguos y la ciencia natural moderna explican el término “elemento”. El interés filosófico de este análisis depende del dictum wittgensteiniano: “La esencia es expresada por la gramática”. En la discusión sobre Aristóteles se examinan las nociones de materia prima, forma y sustancia. Se concluye que el uso de los términos técnicos por ciertos grupos humanos —como el de los científicos naturales— produce una “especie-de-esencias” no eternas ni inmutables.The author compares the ways in which the term “element” has been explicated by Aristotle, ancient materialists, and modern natural science. The philosophical interest of this analysis stems from Wittgenstein’s dictum: “essence is expressed by grammar.” In the context of Aristotle’s thought, the ideas of first matter, form, and substance are examined. The conclusion is that the use of technical terms by certain communities—such as natural scientists— produces a “species-of-essences” neither eternal nor immutable

    War and murder

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    Economics, Agency, and Causal Explanation

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    The paper considers three questions. First, what is the connection between economics and agency? It is argued that causation and explanation in economics fundamentally depend on agency. So a philosophical understanding of economic explanation must be sensitive to an understanding of agency. Second, what is the connection between agency and causation? A causal view of agency-involving explanation is defended against a number of arguments from the resurgent noncausalist tradition in the literature on agency and action-explanation. If agency is fundamental to economic explanation, it is argued, then so is causation. Third, what is the connection between causal explanation and the natural sciences? It is argued that, though the explanations given in economics and other social sciences are causal explanations, they are different in kind from the causal explanations of the natural sciences. On the one hand, then, the causal explanations of the social sciences are irreducible to those found in the natural sciences. On the other hand, the causal relations described by the social sciences are not completely autonomous; they do not float free of, or operate independently from, the causal relations charted by the natural sciences
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