Magnetohydrodynamic Peristaltic flow of a couple stress with heat and mass transfer of a Jeffery fluid in a tube through porous medium

The effects couple stress on the unsteady flow of a couple stress fluid an incompressible non­­­-Newtonian (Jeffrey) fluid through porous medium have been discussed. The thermal diffusion thermo effect are taken to our consideration. Analytical expression for the axial velocity, stream function and axial pressure gradient are established. The flow is investigated in a wave frame of reference moving with the velocity of the wave. The non­­-linear partial differential equations which govern this problem are simplified by making the assumptions of long wave length approximation. The analytical formula of the velocity and temperature have been obtained in terms of Bessel function of first and second kinds. In addition, it has been illustrated graphically for significant various parameters such as, magnetic parameter, couple stress parameter, permeability parameter, and thermal parameters . Keywords ­: Magnetohydrodynamic, Peristaltic, couple stress fluid, Heat transfer, Porous medium

Effects of wall properties and heat transfer on the peristaltic transport of a jeffrey fluid through porous medium channel

A mathematical model is constructed to study the effect of heat transfer and elasticity of flexible walls with porous medium in swallowing of food bolus through the oesophagus. The food bolus is supposed to be Jeffrey fluid and the geometry of wall surface of oesophagus is considered as peristaltic wave through porous medium. The expressions for temperature field, axial velocity, transverse velocity and stream function are obtained under the assumptions of low Reynolds number and long wavelength. The effects of thermal conductivity, Grashof number, Darcy number, magnet,  rigidity, stiffness of the wall and viscous damping force parameters on velocity, temperature and stream function have been studied. It is noticed that increase in thermal conductivity, Darcy number, Grashof number  and the Jeffrey parameter results in increase of velocity distribution. It is found that the size of the trapped bolus increases with increase in the Jeffrey parameter, rigidity and stiffness.   Keywords­: Magnetohydrodynamic, Peristaltic transport, Oesophagus, Jeffrey fluid, Porous medium, Food bolus

ISOLATION AND IDENTIFICATION OF BIOFILM PRODUCING ENTEROCOCCUS FAECALIS FROM ROOT CANAL

This study was aimed to one of the most prevalent causes for endodontic treatment failure is the presence of Enterococcus faecalis bacterium within teeth root canals. To achieve successful treatment, it is so important to study E. faecalis behavior. The aim of study was to investigate biofilm production and antibiotic sensitivity of E. faecalis isolated from root canals. Results showed isolation of E. feacalis (65%) of samples, identified by specific gene by PCR technique. Most isolates were sensitive to Imipenem and resistant to Erythromycin, Clindamycin, Tetracycline and Trimethoprim. Strong biofilm production was detected among 29.5% of highest antibiotic resistant isolates. The results may indicate that infected root canals with E. feacalis may lead to serious complication for patients

Aberrant right subclavian artery in a cadaver: a case report of an aortic arch anomaly

In early embryogenesis, aortic anomalies occur as a consequence of disorders in the development of the primitive aortic arches system. Aberrant right subclavian artery, also known as arteria lusoria, is one of the important congenital anomalies of the aortic arch, in which the right subclavian artery arises from the arch of aorta instead of the brachiocephalic trunk. During routine dissection of a female cadaver, we observed retro-oesophageal aberrant right subclavian artery arising as the fourth branch from the aortic arch. In this case, the brachiocephalic trunk was absent. Early detection of aortic arch anomalies through diagnostic interventions is helpful to avoid complications during surgical procedures

Study of Some Biochemical Parameters of Tuberculosis Patients InThi-Qar Province/Iraq

        The current study was designed,to estimate of, serum sugar, serum urea and lipid profile of tuberculosis patients in comparison with healthy subjects .Twenty eight TB patients (15 men and 13 female) random, and twenty three healthy subjects(13 men and 10 female) (control group) were used in this study. The results showed that serum sugar was non significantly (p<0.89) higher than control group, serum sugar value was raised with increase of age , and it  was no significantly  increased (P<0.909) in Women compared with Men. While, the serum urea was significantly lower (P<0.000) than control group , serum urea level was decreased with increase of age and it was no significantly increased (p<0.189) in Men compared with Women. Serum cholesterol in TB patients were no significantly (P<0.505) higher than healthy subjects , TC level was decreased with increase of age  and it was no significantly increased (P<0.418) in Women compared with Men .Tiglycerides (TG) was no significantly (P<0.085)  lower than healthy subjects,. TG level was no differences with the age, and it was non significantly increased (P<0.394) in Women compared with Men. High density lipoproteins (HDL) was no significantly lower (P<0.154 ) than healthy subjects,. HDL level was no differences with the age, and it was no significantly increased (P<0.019) in Women compared with Men. Low density lipoproteins LDL in TB patients were no significantly (P<0.634) higher than healthy group, LDL level was significantly decreased with increase of age and it was no significantly increased (P<0.577) in Men compared with Women. very low density lipoproteins (VLDL)  was no significantly lower (P<0.89) than healthy subjects,.VLDL level was no differences with  the age, and it was no significantly increased (p< 0.394)in Women compared with Men

Study of Some Biochemical Parameters of Tuberculosis Patients InThi-Qar Province/Iraq

        The current study was designed,to estimate of, serum sugar, serum urea and lipid profile of tuberculosis patients in comparison with healthy subjects .Twenty eight TB patients (15 men and 13 female) random, and twenty three healthy subjects(13 men and 10 female) (control group) were used in this study. The results showed that serum sugar was non significantly (p<0.89) higher than control group, serum sugar value was raised with increase of age , and it  was no significantly  increased (P<0.909) in Women compared with Men. While, the serum urea was significantly lower (P<0.000) than control group , serum urea level was decreased with increase of age and it was no significantly increased (p<0.189) in Men compared with Women. Serum cholesterol in TB patients were no significantly (P<0.505) higher than healthy subjects , TC level was decreased with increase of age  and it was no significantly increased (P<0.418) in Women compared with Men .Tiglycerides (TG) was no significantly (P<0.085)  lower than healthy subjects,. TG level was no differences with the age, and it was non significantly increased (P<0.394) in Women compared with Men. High density lipoproteins (HDL) was no significantly lower (P<0.154 ) than healthy subjects,. HDL level was no differences with the age, and it was no significantly increased (P<0.019) in Women compared with Men. Low density lipoproteins LDL in TB patients were no significantly (P<0.634) higher than healthy group, LDL level was significantly decreased with increase of age and it was no significantly increased (P<0.577) in Men compared with Women. very low density lipoproteins (VLDL)  was no significantly lower (P<0.89) than healthy subjects,.VLDL level was no differences with  the age, and it was no significantly increased (p< 0.394)in Women compared with Men

Factors underlying inadequate parents' awareness regarding pediatrics immunization: findings of cross-sectional study in Mosul-Iraq

Background Since last 100 years, immunization rate is one of the best public health outcome and service indicators. However, the immunization system is still imperfect; there are many countries that still have unvaccinated children. Parental decisions regarding immunization are very important to improve immunization rate. The aim of this study is to evaluate the association between parental knowledge-practice (KP) regarding immunization with family and immunization providers’ factors. Methods This is a prospective cross-sectional study design. Immunization knowledge and practices among 528 Iraqi parents were evaluated through validated questionnaire. Familial data and immunization provider’s characteristics were collected from parents through interview. Results More than half of respondents/study population (66.1%) have adequate knowledge- practice scores. Significant associations were noted for knowledge-practice groups with father’s education level, mother’s education level, mother’s age at delivery, number of preschool children, parents gender, family income, provider types, and birth place (p < 0.05). Conclusion Immunization campaigns and awareness are required to improve parents’ knowledge and practice regarding immunization. The study results reinforce recommendations for use of educational programmes to improve the immunization knowledge and practice. Keywords: Immunization; Iraq; Parents; Knowledge; Practic

Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus in dromedary camels: An outbreak investigation

Background: Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) causes severe lower respiratory tract infection in people. Previous studies suggested dromedary camels were a reservoir for this virus. We tested for the presence of MERS-CoV in dromedary camels from a farm in Qatar linked to two human cases of the infection in October, 2013. Methods: We took nose swabs, rectal swabs, and blood samples from all camels on the Qatari farm. We tested swabs with RT-PCR, with amplification targeting the E gene (upE), nucleocapsid (N) gene, and open reading frame (ORF) 1a. PCR positive samples were tested by different MERS-CoV specific PCRs and obtained sequences were used for phylogentic analysis together with sequences from the linked human cases and other human cases. We tested serum samples from the camels for IgG immunofluorescence assay, protein microarray, and virus neutralisation assay. Findings: We obtained samples from 14 camels on Oct 17, 2013. We detected MERS-CoV in nose swabs from three camels by three independent RT-PCRs and sequencing. The nucleotide sequence of an ORF1a fragment (940 nucleotides) and a 4·2 kb concatenated fragment were very similar to the MERS-CoV from two human cases on the same farm and a MERS-CoV isolate from Hafr-Al-Batin. Eight additional camel nose swabs were positive on one or more RT-PCRs, but could not be confirmed by sequencing. All camels had MERS-CoV spike-binding antibodies that correlated well with the presence of neutralising antibodies to MERS-CoV. Interpretation: Our study provides virological confirmation of MERS-CoV in camels and suggests a recent outbreak affecting both human beings and camels. We cannot conclude whether the people on the farm were infected by the camels or vice versa, or if a third source was responsible. Funding: European Union projects EMPERIE (contract number 223498), ANTIGONE (contract number 278976), and the VIRGO consortium

Further investigation of confirmed urinary tract infection (UTI) in children under five years: a systematic review.

Background: Further investigation of confirmed UTI in children aims to prevent renal scarring and future complications. Methods: We conducted a systematic review to determine the most effective approach to the further investigation of confirmed urinary tract infection (UTI) in children under five years of age. Results: 73 studies were included. Many studies had methodological limitations or were poorly reported. Effectiveness of further investigations: One study found that routine imaging did not lead to a reduction in recurrent UTIs or renal scarring. Diagnostic accuracy: The studies do not support the use of less invasive tests such as ultrasound as an alternative to renal scintigraphy, either to rule out infection of the upper urinary tract (LR- = 0.57, 95%CI: 0.47, 0.68) and thus to exclude patients from further investigation or to detect renal scarring (LR+ = 3.5, 95% CI: 2.5, 4.8). None of the tests investigated can accurately predict the development of renal scarring. The available evidence supports the consideration of contrast-enhanced ultrasound techniques for detecting vesico-ureteric reflux (VUR), as an alternative to micturating cystourethrography (MCUG) (LR+ = 14.1, 95% CI: 9.5, 20.8; LR- = 0.20, 95%CI: 0.13, 0.29); these techniques have the advantage of not requiring exposure to ionising radiation. Conclusion: There is no evidence to support the clinical effectiveness of routine investigation of children with confirmed UTI. Primary research on the effectiveness, in terms of improved patient outcome, of testing at all stages in the investigation of confirmed urinary tract infection is urgently required