Phytochemical composition and antifeedant activity of five Vincetoxicum taxa against Spodoptera littoralis and Leptinotarsa decemlineata

Five Vincetoxicum taxa (V. canescens subsp. canescens, V. canescens subsp. pedunculata, V. fuscatum subsp. fuscatum, V. fuscatum subsp. boissieri and V. parviflorum) were investigated for insect antifeedant activity against Spodoptera littoralis and Leptinotarsa decemlineata. At a dose of 500 ?g/cm2, 12 extracts were 100 % feeding deterrent, while 6 extracts showed 86.399.3 % antifeedant activity. The effective doses (ED50) of the total ethanol extract from V. canescens subsp. pedunculata and of the methanol: dichloromethane (1:1) extract from V. parviflorum were 12, and 18 µg/cm2, respectively, against S. littoralis, and that of the total ethanol extract from V. fuscatum subsp. fuscatum was 25 µg/cm2 against L. decemlineata. The dichloromethane extracts of V. parviflorum and V. canescens subsp. pedunculata inhibited the growth of S. littoralis with ED50 values of 0.08 and 0.09 mg/g, respectively, and their LD50 values for larval mortality were 1.07 and 1.03 mg/g, respectively. Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of cardiotonic glycosides, sugars, flavonoids and alkaloids in all investigated taxa. In the dichloromethane and methanol:dichloromethane (1:1) extracts, phenanthroindolizidine alkaloids were detected by LC/MS/MS

Trigonella monspeliaca’nın mineral kompozisyonu, total fenol ve flavonoit miktarı, antioksidan etki potansiyeli

Trigonella monspeliaca tohumları ve topraküstü kısmı mineral bileşimi açısından ICP-MS ile incelendi. Tohumda başlıca mineraller K, P, Ca ve Mg olarak saptandı.Toprak üstü kısımda ana mineraller ise Ca, K ve P olarak belirlendi. Bitknin sulu metanollü ekstrelerinin total fenol ve flavonoit miktarı sırasıyla Folin-Ciocalteu ve AlCl3 yöntemleri ile ölçüldü. Ekstrelerin antioksidan etki potansiyeli DPPH yöntemi kullanılarak serbest radikal süpürücü aktivite yönünden değerlendirildi. Çalışma toprak üstü kısmnını yüksek miktarda flavonoit içerirken tohum ekstresinin total fenol miktarının (150.80±0.33 mg GAE/g) belirgin biçimde yüksek olduğnu gösterdi. DPPH radikal süpürücü testte ekstrelerin % inhibisyonunun 51.6 - 78.0 arasında olduğu belirlendiThe seeds and aerial parts of Trigonella monspeliaca were analyzed by ICP-MS to determine mineral composition. K, P, Ca and Mg were main minerals in the seeds. Ca, K and P were the major elements in the aerial parts. Total phenol and flavonoid content of the aqueous methanol extracts of the plant was measured by Folin-Ciocalteu and the AlCl3 assay, respectively. Antioxidant potential of the extracts was evaluated by free radical scavenging activity using DPPH assay. The present study showed that the seed extract contained significantly higher amount of total phenolics (150.80±0.33 mg GAE/g) while aerial parts had high amount of total flavonoids. In DPPH radical scavenging assay, inhibition % of the extracts was found to be 51.6-78.

Morphology, Myxocarpy, Mineral Content And İn Vitro Antimicrobial And Antiproliferative Activities Of Mericarps Of The Vulnerable Turkish Endemic Salvia Pilifera

Salvia L., the largest genus of the family Lamiaceae, is composed of many well-known plants of medicinal value. This study provides the first data on micromorphology, myxocarpy, mineral content and in vitro antimicrobial and antiproliferative activities of mericarps of Salvia pilifera, considered to be a vulnerable endemic species from Turkey. The macro-and micromorphological mericarp traits were documented and illustrated via stereo microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Mineral content of mericarps was analyzed using ICP-MS. Ethanol extract of mericarps was tested against Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Acinetobacter baumannii, Aeromonas hydrophila, Candida albicans, Candida tropicalis, and Candida glabrata using broth microdilution method. Antimycobacterial activity was performed against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv using resazurin microtiter plate method. Ampicillin, Ethambutol, Isoniazid, and Fluconazole were chosen as reference drugs. Antiproliferative effect of the extract was tested against A549 human lung cancer cell lines using MTT test. The size of the mericarps was 4.38±0.17 mm in length and 3.28±0.13 mm in width. The general shape was elliptic to widely elliptic. The abscission scar was nearly rounded. The ornamentation pattern of the surface was colliculate with polygonal exocarp cells. Myxocarpy was observed on the surface of the mericarps when they become hydrated. Transparent mucilaginous cells showed a moderate reaction with extensions more than 0.1 mm long. Potassium and calcium were determined as major minerals (80.662±0.234 and 41.892±0.399 µg/g, respectively). The extract showed greater antibacterial activity against A. baumannii compared to Ampicillin (62.5 and 125 µg/mL MIC values, respectively). Cell viability level of the extract (100 ?g/mL) was found to be statistically lower than control group against A549 human lung cancer cell lines (P<0.05). © 2019 Marmara University Press.Afyon Kocatepe ÜniversitesiWe offer grateful thanks to Lecturer Serhat T?k?z at The Technology Application and Research Centre (TUAM), Afyon Kocatepe University (Afyonkarahisar, Turkey) for taking excellent SEM micrographs; Dr. Erkan Halay at Scientific Analysis and Technological Research and Application Center (UBATAM), Usak University (Usak, Turkey) for ICP analysis

Phytochemical analysis and biological activities of Salvia candidissima subsp. candidissima mericarps

The sterol, amino acid, mineral, total phenolic, and total flavonoid contents, and the antioxidant, antimicrobial, and antibiofilm activities of Salvia candidissima subsp. candidissima mericarps were investigated. The mericarps were collected in the province of Bayburt, Turkey. Gas chromatography was used for sterol analysis, Prominence ultra-fast liquid chromatography for amino acid analysis, and ICPMS for mineral analysis. Folin-Ciocalteu, Al(NO3 )3 , and DPPH radical scavenging activity assays were performed on ethanol extracts of the mericarps to evaluate the total phenolic and flavonoid contents, and antioxidant potential, respectively. The ethanol and hexane extracts of the mericarps were tested for their antimicrobial activity against seven bacterial and three fungal strains using the microdilution method and for antibiofilm activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm using the crystal violet staining method. The sterol, amino acid, and mineral contents and antibiofilm activity of the mericarps were studied for the first time. The most abundant components of the mericarps are determined as β-sitosterol (69.8%), glutamic acid (4895 mg/100 g), and potassium (11474 µg/g). The results of total phenolic and flavonoid contents and DPPH free radical scavenging activity were 3.47 µg GAE/mg extract, 0.35 µg QE/mg extract, and 79.79%, respectively. Both of the tested extracts exhibited antimicrobial activity against all the tested microorganisms, however, the efficiency of the extracts was not as strong as the reference drugs ampicillin and fluconazole. While both extracts were effective in preventing biofilm formation, the ethanol extract was found to be more effective than the hexane extract in preformed biofilm inhibition. In conclusion, S. candidissima subsp. candidissima mericarps have good nutritional potential with high amounts of amino acids, sterols (especially β-sitosterol), minerals, and phenolics and flavonoids. Additionally, our findings provide important preliminary data for the literature in terms of the antibiofilm activity of Salvia candidissima subsp. candidissima mericarps