Antifibrotic Effect of Lactulose on a Methotrexate-Induced Liver Injury Model

The most severe side effect of prolonged MTX treatment is hepatotoxicity. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of lactulose treatment on MTX-induced hepatotoxicity in a rat model. Twenty-four male rats were included in the study. Sixteen rats were given a single dose of 20 mg/kg MTX to induce liver injury. Eight rats were given no drugs. 16 MTX-given rats were divided into two equal groups. Group 1 subjects were given lactulose 5 g/kg/day, and group 2 subjects were given saline 1 ml/kg/day for 10 days. The rats were then sacrificed to harvest blood and liver tissue samples in order to determine blood and tissue MDA, serum ALT, plasma TNF-α, TGF-β, and PTX3 levels. Histological specimens were examined via light microscopy. Exposure to MTX caused structural and functional hepatotoxicity, as evidenced by relatively worse histopathological scores and increased biochemical marker levels. Lactulose treatment significantly reduced the liver enzyme ALT, plasma TNF-α, TGF-β, PTX3, and MDA levels and also decreased histological changes in the liver tissue with MTX-induced hepatotoxicity in the rat model. We suggest that lactulose has anti-inflammatory and antifibrotic effects on an MTX-induced liver injury model. These effects can be due to the impact of intestinal microbiome

Oral and Maxillofacial Manifestations of Gardner’s Syndrome: Case Report

Gardnerov sindrom rijedak je genetski poremećaj koji karakterizira trijada nasljedne polipoze, multipli osteomi i tumori mekog tkiva. U svim se tim slučajevima javlja maligna transformacija polipa debelog crijeva u rak debelog crijeva te zbog toga oboljeli imaju lošu kakvoću života. Muškarca u dobi od 27 godina na naš je odjel poslala obližnja medicinska ustanova kako bismo mu izvadili drugi donji lijevi kutnjak. Na priloženim ortopantomografskim snimkama bila je vidljiva karijesno destruirana kruna zuba, impaktirani donji očnjaci na donjem rubu mandibule i multipli osteomi mandibule. Iz anamneze je bilo jasno da pacijent boluje od Gardnerova sindroma i da je bio podvrgnut različitim kirurškim postupcima. Svrha ovog prikaza jest opisati oralne i maksilofacijalne simptome Gardnerova sindroma i njegove moguće stomatološke implikacije.Gardner syndrome is a rare genetic disorder characterized by the triad of familiar polyposis , multiple osteomas and tumors of soft tissues. Malignant transformation of colonic polips to colon cancer occurs in all cases, the disease is distinctive with poor qualıty of life.The 27-year old male was referred to our department from a nearby medical centre for extraction of lower left mandibular second molar tooth. The panoramic radiographs disclosed a tooth crown destroyed with caries lesion, impacted lower canine teeth located in the inferior border of mandible and multiple jaw osteomas. From the patient’s history we found out that the patient was suffering from Gardner’s syndrome and had undergone different surgical procedures. The aim of this case report is to describe oral and maxillofacial symptoms of Gardner syndrome and its potential dental implications

Three-dimensional cone-beam computed tomography for diagnosis of keratocystic odontogenic tumours: evaluation of four cases

The keratocystic odontogenic tumour (KCOT), formerly known as the odontogenic keratocyst (OKC) is a benign intraosseous lesion that derives from remnants of the dental lamina. Due to its characteristics, clinical and histopathological features and various treatment approaches, this pathology is different comparing with other odontogenic cysts. Radiographically the KCOT appears as well-defined unilocular or multilocular radiolucency with thin radiopaque borders. In most cases, conventional radiographic imaging, such as panoramic views and intraoral periapical films, are adequate to determine the location and estimate the size of an KCOT. However, the clinical use for cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) in oral and maxillofacial surgery increases and provides additional information about the contents and borders of the large lesions. In the present cases, the diagnostic performances of CBCT versus panoramic radiograph for four KCOTs were evaluated. It was concluded that appearance of lesions in the maxillofacial region could be better documented in the correct dimensions by CBCT versus panoramic radiograph

The Effects of Etodolac, Nimesulid and Naproxen Sodium on the Frequency of Sister Chromatid Exchange after Enclused Third Molars Surgery

are frequently used in oral surgical procedures in dentistry. The evaluation of the frequency of sister chromatid exchange (SCE) is accepted as a reliable cytogenetic method to assess the genotoxic effects of environmental factors. Materials and Methods: In this study, the genotoxic effects of various NSAIDs were assessed in 30 patients to who they were administered following encluosed third molar surgery using SCE analysis before and after the operation. The frequency of SCE was evaluated before the operation and after 3 days of etodolac, nimesulid and naproxen use. Results: There was no statistically significant difference in the frequency of SCE between the preoperative and postoperative states in patients given etodolac, nimesulid or naproxen sodium. Conclusion: Short term use of selective and non-selective NSAIDs was not associated with a significant genotoxic effect that could be detected using the SCE method in peripheric lymphocytes. Key Words: Genotoxicity, sister chromatid exchange, oral surgery, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug