Geometric Morphology of the Coracoacromial Ligament: A Cadaveric Study

The coracoacromial ligament (CAL), which restrains superior displacement of humeral head, connects the acromion and coracoid process. Due to the ligament’s variations and its role in shoulder pain, CAL was investigated in this study. Sixty shoulders of 34 cadavers, from persons aged 61-98 (80.95 ± 8.81) years at death time, were dissected. The lengths of lateral (LBL) and medial borders (MBL), widths of acromial (AIW) and coracoid insertions (CIW), and thicknesses of lateral (LSTAI) and medial (MSTAI) sides of acromial insertions were measured by digital caliper. The data were subjected to statistical analysis. 24 (40%) V-shaped, 12 (20%) broad-banded, 9 (15%) quadrangular, 9 (15%) Y-shaped, and 6 (10%) multiple-banded types were identified. The mean total LBL, MBL, AIW, CIW, LSTAI, and MSTAI were 34.94 ± 4.59 mm, 33.58 ± 5.31 mm, 29.82 ± 9.48 mm, 12.62 ± 3.95 mm, 1.29 ± 0.17 mm, and 0.90 ± 0.22 mm, respectively. The mean LBL (39.12 ± 4.29 mm), MBL (36.48 ± 3.9 mm), and CIW (37.01 ± 3.39 mm) were significantly greatest in quadrangular type (p<0.001). The mean AIW was slightly greatest in quadrangular type (p=0.069). The mean LSTAI was significantly greatest in multiple-banded type (1.45 ± 0.10 mm, p<0.001) whereas the mean MSTAI was significantly greatest in quadrangular type (1.23 ± 0.23 mm, p<0.001). CAL is quite variable regarding morphology, dimensions, and insertion features. Despite common knowledge, MSTAI and MBL of CAL can be greater than lateral counterparts in some types. To obtain complete release of CAL at acromion, the clearance of ligament fibers in an area with the dimensions of around 16 mm in mediolateral and 15 mm in anteroposterior direction, beginning from the lateral edge of acromial insertion, is recommended

Awareness of women and related factors on emergency contraception

İstanbul Bilim Üniversitesi, Tıp Fakültesi.Amaç: İstenmeyen gebelik tüm dünyada kadın ve çocuk sağlığı üzerindeki olumsuz etkileri nedeni ile önemli bir halk sağlığı sorunudur. İstenmeyen gebeliklerin en sık nedenleri, herhangi bir doğum kontrol yöntemi kullanmamak veya yöntemi hatalı kullanmaktır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, kadınların acil kontraseptif yöntemleri (AKY) tanıma düzeylerinin ve bununla ilişkili faktörlerin belirlenmesidir. Materyal ve Metot: Tanımlayıcı tipteki bu çalışma bir eğitim ve araştırma hastanesinin kadın doğum polikliniklerinde yürütüldü. Bu polikliniklere herhangi bir sağlık sorunu nedeni ile başvuran 18–49 yaş arası evli kadınlar çalışmaya alındı. Veriler çalışmacılar tarafından oluşturulan bir anket formuyla toplandı ve 0,05 altında olan p değerleri anlamlı olarak kabul edildi.Objective: Unintended pregnancy is an important public health problem all over the world due to its negative effects on mother and child health. The most common causes of unintended pregnancies are nonuse or misuse of contraceptive methods. The aim of this study was to determine the recognition frequency of emergency contraceptive methods among women and related factors of this situation. Material and Method: This descriptive study was conducted at a research and education hospital's obstetrical outpatient clinics. All of the women aged 18-49 years attend to these clinics due to any health problem were enrolled to the study. Data was collected by a questionnaire generated by the investigators and p values under 0.05 were considered significant