Afyon Orman İşletme Müdürlüğü Anadolu Karaçamı (Pinus nigra Arn. subsp. pallasiana (Lamb.) Holmboe) Meşcerelerindeki Doğal Gençleştirme Çalışmalarının Değerlendirilmesi

Bu araştırmada Afyon Orman İşletme Müdürlüğü sınırları içinde doğu, kuzey ve kuzeybatı bakılarda ve 1450-1700 m yükseltiler arasında yer alan, altı adet saf Anadolu karaçamı (Pinus nigra Arn. subsp. pallasiana (Lamb.) Holmboe) meşceresinde yapılan doğal gençleştirme çalışmaları değerlendirilmiştir. Orman Genel Müdürlüğü normlarına göre yapılan fidan sayımı sonuçlarına bakıldığında: Sandıklı Orman İşletme Şefliği 366, 391 numaralı bölmelerde gelen gençlik "mükemmel" derecede başarılıdır. Hocalar 106 numaralı bölme ile Sandıklı 367 numaralı bölmede gelen gençlik "orta" derecede başarılıdır. Diğer alanlardan Sandıklı 393 numaralı bölme ile Sinanpaşa 62 numaralı bölmede elde edilen gençlikler sayı ve alana dağılış bakımından "zayıf"tır. En fazla gençlik tohumlama kesimi yapılan yıl gelmesine rağmen, orta tohum yıllarında ve ikinci bol tohum yılında da, doğal gençleştirme başarısını iyileştirebilecek miktarlarda gençliğin geldiği görülmüştür. Dolayısıyla, gençleştirme başarısını artırmak için, ışık kesimlerine ikinci bol tohum yılından sonra başlanmalıdır. Anahtar kelimeler: Anadolu karaçamı, Doğal gençleştirme, Tohumlama kesimi, Gençleştirme başarıs

Determination of the amount of litterfall according to the development stages and of the carbon stock input into the litter in the oriental beech forests in the Marmara Region

This study was carried out in order to reveal the amount of litterfall according to the development stages in the oriental beech forests in the Marmara Region and the carbon stocks input into forest floor in this way. The research was conducted in a total of 18 sample plots, which differ in terms of aspect, elevation, slope, slope position and stand development stages namely the b (dbh=8.0-19,9 cm), c (dbh=20.0-35.9 cm) and d stages (dbh=36.0-51.9 cm). Five litter traps (50×50 cm) were set up each sample plot and litterfall material was collected monthly for three years. The litterfall materials taken from the field were separated into their components (leaf, branch, bark, miscellaneous) in the laboratory, dried at 65 °C until they reached a constant weight and weighed. Afterwards, carbon analysis was performed on the milled samples. The amount of litterfall in one-hectare area was determined by using the conversion coefficient to hectares of the masses of the litterfall components collected from the traps. Then, these values were multiplied by the carbon concentration obtained as a result of the analysis, and the carbon stocks into forest floor through litterfall in a hectare area were calculated. The data were evaluated with variance, correlation and stepwise multiple regression analyzes. According to the results of the research, the amount of litterfall increased depending on the growth of the development stage and the total litterfall ranged between 3959 and 5698 kg/ha/year. The weighted carbon concentration of the litterfall was determined to be 50.3%. C stock, which enters the forest floor with total litterfall, varies between 1988-2857 kg/ha/year according to the development stages. Total litterfall in beech forests was estimated by stand characteristics, climatic characteristics and physiographic factors. Using the models obtained, the amount of annual litterfall can be estimated in the beech stands in the region and in similar sites. The findings of this research can be used in modeling studies, which are among the long-term goals of the Land Use, Land Use Change and Forestry sector

Comparison of carbon sequestration and soil/litter characteristics in black pine and maritime pine afforestation areas in the Western Black Sea Region

Land use and land use change can positively or negatively affect carbon and nutrient stocks in ecosystems. This study was carried out to determine the effects of afforestation with black pine and maritime pine species on carbon stocks and soil and litter characteristics. The study was conducted on afforestation areas and adjacent bare lands in Bartın-Ulus county, located in the Western Black Sea Region of Turkey. Three sample plots of 20×20 m were taken from each land use and the diameter at breast height and tree heights in these sample plots were measured Using the diameter and height values and the biomass equations and carbon ratios developed for the relevant tree species, the tree biomass and carbon stock per unit area were calculated. Then, disturbed and undisturbed soil samples and litter samples were taken from 0-10, 10-20 and 20-30 cm depth intervals at three points in each sample plot. The physical and chemical properties of the soil and litter samples were determined in the laboratory and measurements in the sample plots were converted to a unit area. The data were evaluated using independent sample t-tests and analysis of variance. The results showed that afforestation significantly changed N, S, P, Fe, Zn, and Cu concentrations in the soil; and C, S, Mn, and Zn concentrations in black pine and maritime pine forest floor were different. Besides, the ecosystem carbon (C) stocks differed significantly with forest land use type; black pine plantations, maritime pine plantations and bare land accumulated 148 t C ha-1, 89 t C ha-1 and 27 t C ha-1, respectively. Thus, we suggest that priority should be given to black pine in afforestation of the region and in other ecosystems with similar climates. The results of the research can be used in species selection for afforestation studies in terms of reducing the impact of global climate change

Sarıçam ormanlarının verimliliği ile vejetasyon ve tür çeşitliliği arasındaki ilişkiler: Türkmen Dağı örneği

Bu çalışmada Türkmen dağında sarıçamın verimliliği ile vejetasyonun dağılımı ve bitki çeşitliliği arasındaki ilişkiler araştırılmıştır. Bu amaçla, sarıçamın bonitet endeksi değerleri ile örnek alanlarda bulunan odunsu ve otsu taksonlar, 33 örnek alanda, analitik değerlendirmeler için öncelikle belirlenmiştir. Çalışmada vejetasyon gruplarının ayrımı için iki yönlü gösterge analizi (TWINSPAN) kullanılmış ve iki alt grubun ayrımı gerçekleştirilmiştir. Ayrıca, alt vejetasyon gruplarının uyumluluğunu ortaya koymak ve örnek alanların eksen değerlerini belirlemek maksadıyla, vejetasyon veri matrisine, eğrisel uyum analizi (DCA) uygulanmıştır. Daha sonra, DCA eksen verileri ile sarıçam bonitet endeksi değerleri arasında korelasyon analizi yapılmıştır. DCA analizinin I. ekseni ile bonitet endeksi arasında pozitif önemli ilişki mevcuttur. Ayrıca her örnek alanın bitki çeşitliliği Shannon-Wiener çeşitlilik indisi ile belirlenmiştir. Çeşitlilik değerleri ile bonitet endeksi değerleri arasında korelasyon analizi yapılmış ve pozitif önemli ilişki tespit edilmiştir. Elde edilen bulgular, sarıçamın verimliliğinde vejetasyonun dağılımının ve bitki çeşitliliğinin önemli göstergeler olabileceğini ortaya koymaktadır. Anahtar Kelimeler: Vejetasyon, Bitki çeşitliliği, Sarıçam, Verimlilik, Uyum analizi, İki yönlü gösterge analizi, Gösterge türle

Determination of annual organic carbon sequestration in soil and forest floor of Scots pine forests on The Türkmen Mountain (Eskişehir, Kütahya)

This study was aimed to determine the annual organic carbon stocks in forest floor and soil in Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L. subsp. hamata (Steven) Fomin.) forests. Research was conducted with two samplings in 2003 and 2013 on massive of Türkmen Mountains (Eskişehir, Kütahya) where located in West Central Anatolia Region in Turkey. Samplings were performed in 40 plots at pole (dbh=11.0-19.9 cm) and small tree (dbh=20.0-35.9 cm) development stages on different aspects, elevation, slope degree and slope positions. Data were evaluated with paired-samples t test. Soil organic carbon stocks show a significant (P0.05) difference between 2003 and 2013. Depending on these differences, accumulated carbon stocks were 2.88 Mg C ha-1 yr-1 in soil and 0.02 Mg C ha-1 yr-1 in forest floor

Modelling the productivity of Anatolian black pine plantations in Turkey

This study was carried out to determine the relationships between height growth (site index) of Anatolian black pine (Pinus nigra Arnold. subsp. pallasina (Lamb.) Holmboe) and site factors of the plantation areas in Turkey. Data were collected from 118 sample plots by taking into consideration the variations of aspect, altitude, slope position, slope degree and site class. A representative tree for the productivity and soil samples were taken at each sample plot. Some chemical and physical properties of soil samples were determined in the laboratory. The relationships between site index values of the trees and site factors including parent material, soil, climate and topography were examined by using correlation, stepwise regression and regression tree analysis. Significant linear relations were found between site index of black pine and site factors being altitude, slope degree, slope position, annual rainfall, precipitation amount in the most drought month, solum depth and bedrock including granite, mica schist and dacite. Explanation variance percentage on the site index of black pine was found 54.4% by using regression tree analysis whereas explained variance become 34.7% by stepwise regression analysis