Early Intervention in Pediatric Occupational Therapy

Early intervention is services for infants and toddlers who have developmental deficiency or considered high risk due to the environmental or biologic factors. The aim of the early intervention is increasing the physical, cognitive and emotional capacities of infants/toddlers with protecting them from the environmental or biological risk factors. Early intervention should start as soon as possible for obtaining the best results for the child and family. First 3 years of life are critical period of the child development because neurologic development still continues. Infants and toddlers are providing physical, cognitive, sensory and social development with different experiences and various sensory stimuli from the environment in this period. Occupational therapists evaluate and implement interventions to activity, environment, infant/toddlers and their families for minimizing the developmental risks. For these reasons, occupational therapists are considered important members of early intervention team

Arum macalatum bitkisinin yara iyileştirici aktivitesi

Objective: In this study, the antioxidant properties of Arum maculatum plant were evaluated. This study reported for the first time the wound healing activity of the methanol extract of A. maculatum fruits. This study aimed to assess and determine the possible pharmacological activities of A. maculatum and evaluate its potential to act as a wound care plant. Methods: The antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of A. maculatum were investigated using excisional in vivo and in vitro wound healing mouse models. A total of 32 Balb-c mice were used, which were equally, divided into four groups: saline control group, control group, A. maculatum group, and Centella asiatica extract group. Treatment applications were performed topically once per day. Wound area narrowing, wound healing percentage, and epithelialization time were analyzed. Results: A. maculatum application supported the healing process in in vivo and in vitro wound models. A. maculatum contributed to the healing process by promoting granulation tissue formation, epidermal regeneration, and angiogenesis. Conclusions: Wound healing is a complex and well-organized process that requires communication between cells. The antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of A. maculatum extract have been determined by current studies. A. maculatum extract may provide significant benefits in promoting the wound healing process.Amaç: Bu araştırmada antioksidan özelliklerini değerlendirmek için Arum maculatum bitkisi seçilmiştir. Bildiğimiz kadarıyla A. maculatum meyvelerinin metanol özünün yara iyileştirici aktivitesi ilk kez bu çalışmada rapor edilmiştir. Bu çalışma, A. maculatum’un olası farmakolojik aktivitelerini belirlemek, değerlendirmek ve bir yara tedavi edici bitki olarak etki gösterme potansiyelini değerlendirmek içindi. Yöntemler: A. maculatum’un antioksidan ve antimikrobiyal aktiviteleri, farelerde eksizyonel in vivo ve in vitro yara iyileşme modelleri kulanılarak araştırılmıştır. Toplamda 32 Balb-c fare kullanılmış olup salin kontrol grubu, kontrol grubu, A. maculatum uygulanan grup ve Centella asiatica özütü uygulanan grup olmak üzere 4 gruba ayrılmıştır. Tedavi uygulamaları günde bir kez topikal olarak gerçekleştirilmiştir. Skar alanı hacminde gerçekleşen değişim, yara iyileşme yüzdesi ve epitelizasyon süresi analiz edilmiştir. Bulgular: A. maculatum uygulaması in vivo ve in vitro yara modelinde iyileşme sürecini desteklemiştir. A. maculatum, granülasyon dokusunu artırarak iyileşme sürecine katkıda bulunmuş, epidermal rejenerasyonu ve anjiyogenezi artırmıştır. Sonuçlar: Yara iyileşmesi, hücreler arası iletişimi gerektiren karmaşık ve iyi organize edilmiş bir süreçtir. Mevcut çalışmalar doğrultusunda antioksidan ve antimikrobiyal aktivitesi belirlenmiş olan A. maculatum özü, yara iyileşme sürecinin desteklenmesinde önemli bir fayda sağlayabilir

İnmeli Bireylere Bakım Verenlerde Sosyal Problem Çözme Yaklaşımının Bakım Verme Rolü, Depresyon ve Yaşam Kalitesi Üzerine Etkisi

Effects of Social Problem Solving Approach on Caregiving Role, Depression and Quality of Life in Stroke Caregivers. Hacettepe University Institude of Health Sciences Phd Thesis in Occupational Therapy, Ankara, 2014. It is seen in stroke caregiver have different degrees of physical and emotional problems. Occupational therapists can provide quality of life development in caregivers by defining the caregivers meet problems. The aim of the study is to investigate effects of client centre social problem solving approach on caregiving role, depression and quality of life in stroke caregivers. Acute stroke individuals'primary caregivers were included in this study. 61 stroke individuals'caregivers whoes fifty years of age included in this study. Caregivers were divided into two groups (treatment and control) with random sampling method. Basic occupational therapy strategies were explained for two groups in hospital environment. However in accordance Person Environment Occupation (PEO) when using social problem solving approach in starting hospital environment until 12. week after discharge period for treatment group. With this approach it was providen awareness about defining problems which caregivers meet in acute stage creating solution and implementationing solutions. This programme was followed during weeks 2., 3., 4., 6., 8., 10., 12. after discharge with telephone contacts. Influence by the care process level with Bakas Caregiving Outcomes Scale (BCOS), depression level with Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), quality of life with Nottingham Health Profile (NHP), lived in the home environment with home assessment profile, between person and environment fit with person environment fit scale were assessed to caregivers. All assessments were made again in treatment group after treatment (13. weak). All assessments were made and results were compared for both groups in 24. weak. Significant difference was identified treatment group in favor of the between caregivers' BCOS and BDI total points in last measurements (p0,05). Social problem solving approach in occupational therapy interventions provide positive gain to decrease depression level and caregiver burden and increase quality of life in stroke caregiver. There is a need to long term assessmet and appropriate intervention with community base occupational therapy perspective for caregiver.İnmeli Bireylere Bakım Verenlerde Sosyal Problem Çözme Yaklaşımının Bakım Verme Rolü, Depresyon ve Yaşam Kalitesi Üzerine Etkisi. Hacettepe Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü Ergoterapi Programı Doktora Tezi, Ankara, 2014. İnmeli bireylerin bakım verenlerinde farklı derecelerde fiziksel ve emosyonel problemler görülmektedir. Bakım verenlerde ergoterapistler, bakım verenlerin karşılaştıkları problemleri tanımlayarak yaşam kalitelerinin gelişimini sağlayabilirler. Bu çalışmanın amacı, inmeli bireylere bakım verenlerde kişi merkezli sosyal problem çözme yaklaşımının bakım verme rolü, depresyon ve yaşam kalitesi üzerine etkisini araştırmaktır. Çalışmaya, akut inmeli bireylerin primer bakım verenleri dahil edilmiştir. Çalışmada 50 yaş üzerinde 61 inmeli birey bakım vereni yer almıştır. Bakım verenler basit rastgele örnekleme yöntemi ile tedavi ve kontrol grubu olmak üzere iki gruba ayrılmıştır. Her iki grup için hastane ortamında bakım ile ilgili temel ergoterapi stratejileri anlatılmıştır. Bununla birlikte tedavi grubu için hastane ortamında başlanılıp taburculuk sonrası 12. haftaya kadar Kişi Çevre Aktivite Modeli çerçevesinde sosyal problem çözme yaklaşımı kullanılmıştır. Bu yaklaşımla bakım verenlerin akut dönemde karşılaştıkları problemleri tanımlamaları, çözüm oluşturmaları ve çözümleri uygulamaları konusunda bir farkındalık sağlanmıştır. Programa taburculuk sonrası 2., 3., 4., 6., 8., 10. ve 12. haftalarda telefon destekli olarak devam edilmiştir. Bakım verenlerin bakım sürecinden etkilenme düzeyleri Bakas Bakım Verme Etki Ölçeği (BBVEÖ) ile, depresyon düzeyi Beck Depresyon Ölçeği (BDÖ) ile, yaşam kalitesi Nottingham Sağlık Profili (NSP) ile, yaşadığı ev ortamı Ev Değerlendirme Profili ile, kişi çevre arasındaki uyum Kişi Çevre Uygunluğu Skalası (KÇUS) ile değerlendirilmiştir. Tedavi grubunda tedavi sonrası (13. hafta) tüm ölçümler tekrar yapılmıştır. Her iki grup için 24. haftada tüm değerlendirmeler yapılmış ve sonuçlar karşılaştırılmıştır. Bakım verenlerin son ölçümlerdeki BBVEÖ ile BDÖ toplam puanları arasında tedavi grubu lehinde anlamlı farklılıklar tespit edilmiştir (p0,05). Ergoterapi müdahaleleri içinde yer alan sosyal problem çözme yaklaşımı inmeli bireylere bakım verenlerde depresyon düzeyi ve bakım yükünü azaltma, yaşam kalitesini artırma yönünde pozitif kazançlar sağlamaktadır. Bakım verenlerin toplum temelli ergoterapi bakış açısı ile uzun süreli değerlendirilmesi ve uygun müdahalelerin yapılmasına ihtiyaç vardır

Occupational hazards, sleep quality and musculoskeletal problems of pregnant workers

The aim of this study was to identify the relationship between musculoskeletal problems and sleep quality and exposure to occupational hazards in working pregnant women. The study included a total of 142 pregnant women working in various industries. The risk of experiencing musculoskeletal system problems was found to increase with impaired sleep quality (OR interval min =1.132 max =1.303). As the amount of work-related physical damage increased, musculoskeletal complaints increased (OR interval min = 1.228 max = 1.527). Environmental hazards and psychosocial hazards seemed to increase the risk of having musculoskeletal problems (OR interval min = 1.209 max = 1.465, and OR interval min = 1.326 max = 1.547, respectively). Physical, psychosocial and workplace environmental hazards seemed to increase the risk of musculoskeletal complaints in pregnancy. It was also seen that as sleep quality decreased, so musculoskeletal complaints increased.Impact Statement What is already known about this subject? Occupational hazards and poor sleep quality can be associated with adverse health outcomes. Pregnant women working in different industries in Turkey may also face work-related hazards. They may also experience pregnancy-related sleep problems. In this context, there is a need to identify occupational hazards and problems related to sleep and to provide protective strategies. What do the results of this study add? The most frequent physical hazard was determined to be a simultaneous bending and rolling movement, the most frequent work environment hazard was noise exposure and the most frequent psychosocial hazard was the lack of a reward system. Physical, work environment and psychosocial hazards were observed to increase the risk of musculoskeletal problems. Moreover, the risk of having musculoskeletal problems increased as sleep quality deteriorated. What are the implications of these findings for clinical practice and/or further research? Training should be planned for working women, including the idea of conception and work-related hazards and protective strategies. It may be possible to provide arrangements related to the workplace by including employers in this training

Occupational balance and quality of life in mothers of children with cerebral palsy

Introduction: Occupational balance (OB) is an important concept in occupational therapy and is considered as an essential component of health and well-being. The aim of this study was to show differences in OB and quality of life (QoL) between mothers of children with cerebral palsy (CP) and typically developing children. Methods: Thirty-six mothers of children with CP and 36 mothers of typically developing children participated in the study. The mothers’ OB was evaluated using the Turkish Occupational Balance Questionnaire-11 (OBQ11-T), and their QoL was evaluated with the Nottingham Health Profile (NHP). Results: The OBQ11-T, total score, and the item ‘balance between obligatory and voluntary occupations’ score differed significantly between the groups (p < 0.05). There were also significant differences in NHP’s aspects of emotional reaction, social isolation, and sleep scores between the groups (p < 0.05). A negative correlation was detected between OBQ11-T total and NHP total scores in mothers of children with CP (p < 0.01). Conclusion: This study demonstrates that occupational therapists should pay attention to balance between obligatory and voluntary occupations to promote occupational balance. Also, QoL in mothers of children with CP should be evaluated. Therefore, occupational therapists should implement interventions to increase them when necessary for mothers of children with CP

Validity and reliability of the Turkish Occupational Balance Questionnaire (OBQ11-T) in mental health

Background: People with psychiatric disabilities often find it difficult to maintain a satisfactory occupational balance. Aims/objectives: This study aimed to investigate the validity and reliability of the Turkish version of the Occupational Balance Questionnaire (OBQ11-T) in mental health. Material and methods: OBQ11-T was applied to 149 people for construct validity analysis and to 61 of them for reliability analysis. Validity was determined using factor analyses. The reliability of the OBQ between the first and second evaluations was assessed using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) for each item and the total OBQ11-T score. Internal consistency was assessed using Cronbach’s alpha. Results: The results of factor analysis revealed one factor that explains 35.94% of the total variance in the model. OBQ11-T item 1 had the lowest and OBQ11-T item 4 had the highest factor loadings. The model fits the data according to the indices of relative fit (RMSEA = 0.087, CMIN/DF = 2.129, CFI = 0.901). There was an excellent correlation between test and retest OBQ11-T total scores (ICC = 0.905). All items of the OBQ11-T showed good reliability. Cronbach’s alpha for the OBQ11-T total score was 0.839, indicating acceptable internal consistency. Conclusions and significance: The current study showed that OBQ11-T is a valid and reliable tool for measuring the self-rated occupational balance of people with mental illness

Kronik obstrüktif akciğer hastalığında pulmoner ventilasyon ve perfüzyon dağılımının semikantitatif analizi

Pulmonary perfusion and ventilation were investigated in a group of patients with COPD. For this purpose, pulmonary function tests and blood gases analysis were performed. And pulmonary perfusion images with Tc-99m-MAA and ventilation images with with Tc 99-DTPA were obtained in 25 patient with COPD and eight normals. Scintigraphies were divided horizontally in to the six equal regions of interest on the computer to represent the upper, middle or lower lung fields. Regional quantitations of radioactivity showed the regional distribution of pulmonary functions. Findings were compared with controls and patients with COPD, both type A and type B. It was found that pulmonary functions of perfusion and ventilation were increased at the middle parts and were decreased at the lower parts of lung in both groups of patients. In addition, the ventilation at the upper lung parts was worse in the patients with type A COPD and is better than normals in the patients with type B COPD.Kronik obstrüktif akciğer hastalığı (KOAH) olan bir grup hastada pulmoner perfüzyon ve ventilasyon fonksiyonları incelendi. Bu amaçla 8 normal ve 15 KOAH'lı hastada akciğer fonksiyon testleri (SFT) ve arteryel kan gazı (AKG) analizleri yapıldı. Teknisyum 99m-makroagregat albumin (Tc99m-MAA) ile pulmoner perfüzyon imajları, Tc-99m-dietilen triamin penta asetik asit (DTPA) ile ventilasyon imajları elde edildi. Sintigrafiler horizontal olarak çizilen çizgilerle üst, orta ve alt olmak üzere 6 eşit bölgeye ayrıldı. Radyoaktivitenin bölgesel kantifikasyonu ile akciğer fonksiyonlarının bölgelere göre dağılımı belirlendi. Elde edilen değerler kontroller ile A ve B tipi KOAH'lılar arasında karşılaştırıldı. Her iki grup KOAH'lı hastalarda akciğerlere ait ventilasyon ve perfüzyon fonksiyonlarının orta bölgelerde normallere oranla artmış, alt bölgelerde ise azalmış olduğu ortaya kondu. Ayrıca üst bölgelerin ventilasyonu A tipi KOAH'ta bozulmuştu, B tipi KOAH'ta ise normalden daha iyi idi

Squalene attenuates the oxidative stress and activates AKT/mTOR pathway against cisplatin-induced kidney damage in mice

WOS: 000471268100003The clinical use of cisplatin, which is a first-line anticancer agent, is highly restricted due to its adverse effects on kidneys that lead to nephrotoxicity. Therefore, some potential reno-protective substances have been used in combination with cisplatin to cope with nephrotoxicity. Due to its high antitumor activity and oxygen-carrying capacity, we investigated the molecular effects of squalene against cisplatin-induced oxidative stress and kidney damage in mice. Single dose of cisplatin (7 mg/kg) was given to male Balb/c mice. Squalene (100 mg/kg/day) was administered orogastrically to mice for 10 days. Following sacrification, molecular alterations were investigated as analysis of the levels of oxidative stress index (OSI), inflammatory cytokines and cell survival-related proteins in addition to histopathological examinations in mice kidney tissue. The level OSI and Interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) decreased in the cisplatin and squalene cotreated mice compared to cisplatin-treated mice. Squalene treatment also increased the activation of protein kinase B (AKT). Furthermore, cisplatin-induced inactivation of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and histopathological damages were reversed by squalene. It may be suggested that squalene ameliorated the cisplatin-induced histopathological damages in the kidney through activation of AKT/mTOR signaling pathway by regulating the balance of the redox system due to its antioxidative effect