Determining the annual quality control testing and conformity for monitor ionization chamber which is contained in linear accelerator radiotherapy treatment device’s head structure

Amaç: Bu çalışmada Siemens marka, Oncor Impression Plus M5395 model lineer hızlandırıcı tedavi cihazının kafa yapısında bulunan monitör iyon odası yıllık kalite kontrol testlerinden olan tekrarlanabilirlik, doğrusallık ve tedaviyi verilen monitör ünitesinde durdurma yetkisi incelenmiştir. Hastalar ve yöntemler: Bu testlerin uluslararası standardı olan limit değeri tespitinde end effect için iki ışınlama yöntemi kullanılarak alınan ölçümlere göre hesaplama yapılmıştır. Bu çalışmada British Journal of Radiology ve Uluslararası Atom Enerji Kurumu referansı kullanılmıştır. Radyasyon veriminin değişmezliği, kısa ve uzun dönem kararlılığı da teorik olarak hesaplanmıştır. Bulgular: 6 MeV ve 18 MeV X ışını demetlerinde ve 50 MU/dk ve 300 MU/dk doz oranlarında linearite ±%3 değeri arasındadır. 6 MeV ve 18 MeV elektron demeti enerji seviyelerinde, eş merkez uzaklığında 10x10’luk alandan 40x40’lık alana kadar alınan ölçümlerde linearitesi ±%1 değeri içerisindedir. İki ışınlama yöntemine göre yapılan hesaplamalar sonucunda ışın doğrusallığı <1 MU değerinde bulunmuştur. Sonuç: Yapılan bu çalışmanın sonucunda alınan verilerin uluslararası standartlara uygun olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Lineer hızlandırıcı cihazları için günlük, aylık ve yıllık yapılması gereken kalite kontrol testlerinin düzenli olarak yapılmasının radyasyon kazalarını önlemede etkili olacağı düşünüldü.Objectives: In this study monitor ionization chamber which is contained in Siemens brand, Oncor Impression Plus model M5395 linear accelerator’s head structure which is available was examined in repeatability, linearity and authority of stopping treatment on given monitor unit. Patients and methods: Calculation of limit value evaluation which is international standard of these tests was done according to received measurement with using two teleportation methods for end effect. British Journal of Radiology and International Atomic Energy Agency’s references were used in this study. Constancy of radiation and productivity of short and long-term stability were calculated theoretically. Results: The first linearity is within ±3% for 6 MeV and 18 MeV X-ray beam and 50 MU/min and 300 MU/min the dose rates. The second linearity is within ±1% for 18 MeV 6 MeV electron beam and the energy level and concentricity measurements taken from the health field from 10x10 up to 40x40 areas. The beam linearity’s value was found <1 MU value by two irradiation methods. Conclusion: As a result of this study, it is established that the received data are relevant for international standards. The linear accelerator devices to daily, monthly and annual quality control tests will be done regularly considered effective in preventing radiation accident

Caecum location in laboratory rats and mice: an anatomical and radiological study

Tumer, Mehmet Kemal/0000-0002-6250-0954; Uysal, Murat/0000-0003-0717-4428WOS: 000401251400001PubMed: 27381195Intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection is the most frequently used method for implementing parenteral therapies in rats and mice. Whether the caecum is located in the right caudal quadrant or left caudal quadrant in the abdominal cavity is not clear. For that reason, we have developed a method for identifying the location of the caecum in rats and mice and thus revealed the most reliable location for i.p. injection in these animals. Two hundred Wistar albino rats and 100 BALB/c mice were used. The location of the caecum was determined by revealing the intra-abdominal organs immediately following euthanasia, photographing the organs, and archiving the images. Both digital photographic images and computed tomographic (CT) sections were analysed in terms of caecum morphology and location. In both rats and mice, the caecum was most commonly located on the animal's left side. It was less frequently located on the right side or in the centre. The caecum was typically comma-shaped, but it was round or S-shaped in some animals. The direction of rotation of the caecum from the basis to the apex was mostly counterclockwise. Additionally, the apex showed a tendency to be evenly centred. This study demonstrated that the caecum was mostly located on the animal's left side; and for that reason, the most suitable location for i.p. injection in these animals was understood to be the right caudal quadrant. Furthermore, when we compared the CT images and autopsy findings, the caecum did not change location in the abdominal cavity postmortem