Proceedings of the Conference on Emerging Economic Issues in a Globalizing World

The choice of exchange rate regime has become one of the most important issues one more time in many economies after the financial crises in recent years. In the wake of the financial crises, many countries, especially emerging market economies, opted for floating exchange rate regimes by forsaking the pegged regimes. Consequently, an old debate on the choice and determinants of exchange rate regimes has been triggered. Economists have started to debate what appropriate exchange rate regime for an economy is. When the tendency in recent years is taken into consideration, the choice of exchange rate regime of countries, especially emerging economies, needs to be analyzed. To do this, in this paper, we attempt to uncover how emerging market economies choose their exchange rate regimes. In other words, we try to find the economic and political factors underlying the choice of exchange rate regimes. The study includes 25 emerging market economies over the period 1970-2006. We use random effect ordered probit model in order to find the long run economic and political determinants of exchange rate regimes for emerging economies. The determinants of both the de jure and de facto exchange regimes are empirically analyzed in the paper.exchange rate regimes, emerging markets, probit

Comparing Women Doing Regular Exercise with Sedentary Women in Terms of Certain Blood Parameters, Leptin Level and Body Fat Percentage

This study aims to compare the women engaged in doing regular exercise and those having done exercise previously and now not doing it or never done it before in terms of such blood values as leptin, cholesterol, insulin, glucose, triglyceride levels and body fat percentage (BFP) and to investigate the effects of regular exercise on these values. The participants of the study consisted of 35 (sportswomen) women doing regular exercise and 35 healthy and sedentary female university students never involved in doing regular exercise before. With the permission of the ethics committee, measuring was made. The mean (X) age of those doing regular exercise was 18.03±0.81 years, X height was 163.62±5.28 cm, X weight was 57.12±5.77 kg, and training background 7.34±1.75 years. X age of sedentary group was 18.91±0.72 years, X height was 164.45±5.44 cm, X weight was 58.15±4.68 kg. Statistically significant differences were found between the two groups in terms of the values of HDL and Triglyceride (p0.05). The increase in serum leptin levels is directly correlated with BFP. It has also been observed that regular exercise, as it reduces BFP, suppresses serum leptin levels. Regular exercise is significant in the regulation of body weight and prevention of obesity. It is concluded that if regular and moderate exercise is supplemented by good nutrition to avoid cardiovascular risk factor, to reduce LDL level, to bring about an increase in the level of HDL, this creates a positive influence on hormones and body fats and that exercise could be an important factor in enhancing the quality of life

Models of the internal colonialism and ethnic relations: The case of Cubans and Puerto Ricans in the United States

The United States is a very good example of a multiethnic society by having large groups of people from more than eleven different ethnic origins. Some of these groups were voluntarily integrated into American society, whereas others were forced in by involuntary means. Notwithstanding the fact that they have all faced social barriers, the barriers themselves have differed significantly based on the group’s ethnic identities, cultures, social standings, and many other features. This study examines two of those ethnic groups namely the Cuban and the Puerto Rican Americans’ standing in the U.S.. To do this, the researcher utilized the internal colonialism model and Aguirre& Turner’s model of ethnic relations. Both models explain, to some extent, the situation of these minority groups in the U.S

Enhancements of electron-positron pair production at very low transverse momentum in peripheral hadronic A + A collisions

The STAR collaboration has observed an excess production of electron-positron pairs which have transverse momenta pperp < 150 MeV/c in peripheral gold-gold and uranium-uranium collisions. ALICE has also reported on an excess of mu mu pairs at low pperp in very peripheral lead-lead collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 2.76 TeV/nucleon pair. In literature, there are number of studies about the electromagnetic lepton pair productions in peripheral heavy-ion collisions. Almost all of them have a prediction that unitary is violated in these high energies so that probability of producing electron-positron pairs is greater than one. It is clear that at RHIC and LHC energies, probabilities of producing electron-positron pairs for impact parameters smaller than Compton-wavelength of electron is greater than one. This means that for small impact parameters where the electric field is strongest multiple electron-positron pair productions is inescapable and it must be included in calculations. In literature, there are number of explanations about the pperp broadening however none of them has included the multi-pair production processes in their calculations. The aim of this paper is to show that electron-positron multi-pair production cross section is large and it can not be ignored in calculations

A Deep Learning-Based Hybrid Approach to Detect Fastener Defects in Real-Time

A fastener is an important component used to fix the rail in railways. Defects in this component cause the rail and ballast to remain unstable. If the defective fasteners are not replaced in time, it is inevitable that the train will derail, and serious accidents will occur. Therefore, this component should be inspected periodically. Conventional image processing-based control systems are affected by noise and different lighting conditions in the real environment. In this study, it is aimed to determine the defects of fasteners with a deep learning-based hybrid approach. The YOLOv4-Tiny method is used for fastener detection and localization. This method gives accurate results, especially for the detection of small objects. After the fastener position is determined, a new lightweight convolutional neural network model is used for defect classification. The proposed convolutional neural network for classification has a small network structure because it uses depth-wise and pointwise convolution layers. When the experimental results are compared with other known transfer learning methods, better results were obtained in terms of training/test time and accuracy

Okul yöneticilerinin liderlik stilleri ile beden eğitimi öğretmenlerinin örgütsel bağlılıkları arasındaki ilişki

The purpose of this study is to identify the relationship between school administrators&rsquo; leadership style and physical education teachers&rsquo; organizational commitment. The population of the study comprised 291 physical education teachers working in Sakarya and Bartın cities in 2009-2010 education year. In order to identify school administrators transformational and procedural leadership styles, Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire 5-x short (MLQ) was used. Organizational Commitment Scale which was developed by Balay was used to measure the organizational commitment levels of physical education teachers (Balay, 2000a &amp; Balay, 2000b). In order to analyze the data collected for the study, several statistical techniques such as descriptive statistical analyses, variance analysis, correlation analysis and multiple regression analysis were used. As a result of the study, according to physical education teachers&rsquo; perceptions, school administrators &ldquo;usually&rdquo; demonstrate transformational leadership behaviors and &ldquo;sometimes&rdquo; demonstrate procedural leadership behaviors. Physical education teachers show lower organizational commitment in the compliance sub-dimension, moderate organizational commitment in the identification sub-dimension and higher organizational commitment in the internalization sub-dimension. When sub-dimensions of physical education teachers&rsquo; organizational commitment and sub-dimensions of schools administrators&rsquo; leadership styles are examined, transformational leadership has 1-a negative moderate significant relationship with adaptation, 2-a positive moderate significant relationship with identification and 3-a positive high significant relationship with internalization. School administrators&rsquo; procedural leadership sub-dimension has a positive high significant relationship with only internalization sub-dimension of physical education teachers&rsquo; organizational commitment.Bu araştırmanın amacı, okul y&ouml;neticilerinin liderlik stilleri ile Beden Eğitimi &ouml;ğretmenlerinin &ouml;rg&uuml;tsel bağlılıkları arasındaki ilişkinin belirlenmesidir. Araştırma evrenini Sakarya ve Bartın İllerinde 2009-2010 eğitim-&ouml;ğretim yılında g&ouml;rev yapan 291 beden eğitimi &ouml;ğretmeni oluşturmaktadır. Araştırma verilerinin toplanmasında okul y&ouml;neticilerinin d&ouml;n&uuml;ş&uuml;mc&uuml; ve işlemci liderlik stillerini belirlemek i&ccedil;in Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire 5-x short (MLQ) anketi kullanıldı. Beden Eğitimi &ouml;ğretmenlerinin &ouml;rg&uuml;tsel bağlılığı &ouml;l&ccedil;mek i&ccedil;in Balay&rsquo;ın geliştirdiği &Ouml;rg&uuml;tsel Bağlılık &Ouml;l&ccedil;eği kullanılmıştır (Balay,2000a, Balay,2000b). Tanıtıcı İstatistik&icirc; Analizler, Varyans Analizi, Korelasyon analizi ve &Ccedil;oklu Regresyon Analizi tekniklerinden yararlanılmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda beden eğitimi &ouml;ğretmenlerinin algılarına g&ouml;re, okul y&ouml;neticileri d&ouml;n&uuml;ş&uuml;mc&uuml; liderlik davranışlarını &ldquo;genellikle&rdquo; sergiledikleri ve işlemci liderlik davranışlarını&nbsp; &ldquo;ara sıra&rdquo; sergiledikleri g&ouml;r&uuml;lm&uuml;şt&uuml;r. Beden eğitimi &ouml;ğretmenlerinin &ouml;rg&uuml;tsel bağlılıklarına ait bulgularda; uyum alt boyutunda d&uuml;ş&uuml;k d&uuml;zeyde, &ouml;zdeşleşme alt boyutunda orta d&uuml;zeyde ve i&ccedil;selleştirme alt boyutunda ise y&uuml;ksek d&uuml;zeyde bağlılık yaşadıkları g&ouml;r&uuml;lmektedir. Beden eğitimi &ouml;ğretmenlerine ilişkin &ouml;rg&uuml;tsel bağlılık alt boyutları ile okul y&ouml;neticilerinin liderlik stilleri alt boyutları arasında; 1-d&ouml;n&uuml;ş&uuml;mc&uuml; liderlik ile uyum arasında negatif y&ouml;nl&uuml; orta d&uuml;zeyde, 2- &ouml;zdeşleşme ile pozitif y&ouml;nde orta d&uuml;zeyde, 3-i&ccedil;selleştirme alt boyutu ile y&uuml;ksek d&uuml;zeyde pozitif y&ouml;nde anlamlı bir ilişki olduğu ortaya &ccedil;ıkmıştır. Okul y&ouml;neticilerinin işlemci liderlik alt boyutuyla beden eğitimi &ouml;ğretmenlerinin &ouml;rg&uuml;tsel bağlılıkları arasında sadece i&ccedil;selleştirme alt boyutu arasında y&uuml;ksek d&uuml;zeyde ve pozitif y&ouml;nde anlamlı bir ilişki ortaya &ccedil;ıkmıştır

Epicardial adipose tissue thickness and growth differentiation factor 15 in axial spondyloarthritis

Objectives:Toinvestigategrowthdifferentiationfactor-15 (GDF-15) levels and the thickness of epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) in patients with axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA) and to evaluate their relationship with functional status, disease activity, disease duration, and the type of medical treatment received by the patients. Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out at Kırşehir Ahievran University School of Medicine between February and June 2020. Twenty-nine healthy controls and 44 patients with axSpA were included in the study. Gender, age, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, GDF-15, body mass index, complete blood count, ejection fraction, the EAT thickness, and C-reactive protein of all participants were recorded. Ankylosing Spondylitis Quality of Life Index, Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Functional Index, the disease duration, Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Metrology Index, and Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index scores of patients with axSpA were noted. Results: Epicardial adipose tissue thickness values (0.35±0.09 cm) in the AxSpA group were higher compared to the control group (0.26±0.06 cm) (p<0.01). Growth differentiation factor-15 levels of the control group and axSpA group were similar. The treatment received by the patients did not have a significant relationship with EAT thickness and GDF-15. Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Functional Index scores, disease duration, and age were significantly positively correlated with GDF-15 levels. Conclusion: In this study, EAT thickness values were found to be significantly higher in the axSpA group. In addition, GDF-15 was positively correlated with age, Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Functional Index score, and disease duration. © 2022 Saudi Arabian Armed Forces Hospital. All rights reserved

New security model developed for distributed databases

Erişim denetimleri, günümüz bilgi sistemlerini güven altına almak için geliştirilmiş önemli bir araçtır. Kurumlar erişim denetimlerini özellikle çalışanlarının kim olduğunu, çalışanlarının neler yapabileceklerini, hangi kaynaklara erişebileceklerini ve hangi işlemleri gerçekleştirebileceklerini tanımlamak ve tüm bu süreci yönetmek için kullanırlar. Dağıtık veritabanı sistemlerine sahip kurumlar için ise bu süreç oldukça maliyetli bir iştir. Nitekim farklı sunucular üzerinde dağıtılan ve biri diğerine mantıksal olarak bağlı olan kaynaklara ulaşmak isteyen kullanıcıların tanımlanması, istekte bulunan kullanıcının doğrulanması ve yetkilendirilmesi her zaman etkin bir şekilde yapılandırılamadığından erişim denetimleri yeterince nitelikli bir biçimde gerçekleştirilememektedir. Çalışmamızda önerilen model ile, dağıtık veritabanı sistemlerinde tanımlı tüm kullanıcıların nesneler üzerindeki izin ve erişim düzeylerinin otomatik olarak hesaplanması, böylece kullanıcıların hangi nesneye erişim yapabileceklerine daha etkin bir şekilde karar verilmesi ve ihtiyaç duymadıkları bilgiye erişim yapmalarının ise engellenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Çalışmada önerilen geliştirilmiş model, gerçek hayattan alınmış veri kümesi üzerine uygulanmıştır. Önerilen modelin performansı, Geleneksel Erişim Denetimi modellerinin performansları ile karşılaştırılmıştır. Elde edilen sonuçlar kıyaslandığında, önerilen modelin birçok dağıtık veritabanı sistemlerine ölçeklenebilir olmasının yanında daha doğru erişim düzeyi sonuçlarını veren bir erişim kontrol modeli sunduğu test edilmiştir.Access controls are an important tool developed to secure today's information systems. Organizations especially use access controls to define who their employees are, what their employees can do, which resources they can access and which operations they can perform, and to manage the entire process. For organizations with distributed database systems, this process is a costly task. As a matter of fact, since the conditions for identifying users who want to access resources distributed on different servers and logically connected to one another, authentication and authorization of the requesting user and monitoring the actions of the user cannot always be effectively configured. With the proposed model in our study, it is aimed to automatically calculate the permission and access levels of all users defined in distributed database systems, so that users can decide which object they can access more effectively and prevent them from accessing the information they do not need. The developed model proposed in the study was applied on a reallife data set. The performance of the proposed model has been compared with the performances of Traditional Access Control models. When the obtained results are compared, it has been tested that the proposed model offers an access control model that provides more accurate access level results besides being scalable to many distributed database systems

Atherogenic Lipid Profile and Systolic Blood Pressure are Associated with Carotid Artery Intima-media Thickness in Children with Turner Syndrome

Objective: Women with Turner syndrome (TS) have greater carotid artery intima-media thickness (cIMT) known to be a risk factor for atherosclerosis in adults. To determine whether there are risk factors for atherosclerosis in children with TS, we compared cIMT, anthropometric and metabolic parameters between children with TS and healthy controls