Apical Microleakage of a Silicone Based Root Canal Sealer: an Electrochemical Study

Svrha: Elektrokemijskom metodom procijenilo se apikalno propuštanje materijala RoekoSeal Automix (RSA) za punjenje korijenskog kanala samostalno i u kombinaciji s gutaperkom. Materijali i metode: Pedeset i dva prednja maksilarna zuba podijeljena su u dvije skupine. U prvoj su korijenski kanali punjeni samo RSA-om, a u drugoj gutaperkom i RSA-om (n = 24 u svakoj skupini). Preostala četiri zuba služila su kao pozitivna i negativna kontrolna skupina. Eksperimentalna jedinica konstruirana je tako da je bila neprekidno spojena na izvor struje. Jedanpostotni kalijev jodid (KI) korišten je kao elektrolit te su zubi uronjeni u otopinu. Bakrene elektrode s provodnim kapacitetom od jednoga miliampera (mA) korištene su kao anode za zatvaranje strujnog kruga. Rezultati su se očitavali ukupno tri tjedna, jedanput na dan, digitalnim voltmetrom spojenim na eksperimentalnu jedinicu. Promjene u količini propuštanja u skupini procjenjivale su se svaki dan t-testom za ovisne uzorke, a razlika između dviju skupina analizirana je t-testom za neovisne uzorke. Rezultati: Razlika u apikalnom propuštanju između dviju eksperimentalnih skupina nije bila statistički značajna (p>0,05). U objema je zabilježeno značajno propuštanje u svim vremenskim intervalima (p<0,05). Zaključak: RoekoSeal Automix samostalno nije se razlikovao u propuštanju od gutaperke punjene njime. Također nije bio potpuno učinkovit u sprječavanju propuštanja.Objectives: To evaluate the apical leakage of the root canal fillings performed with RoekoSeal Automix (RSA) alone and in combined with gutta-percha electrochemically. Materials and methods: Fifty two maxillary anterior teeth were divided into two groups. In group 1, the root canals were filled with RSA alone and in group 2 the root canals were filled with gutta-percha and RSA (n=24 each group). The remaining 4 teeth were used for positive and negative control groups. An experimental cell was constructed which was connected with a constant current source. 1% potassium iodide (KI) solution was added to the cell as the electrolyte and the teeth were then immersed in this solution. Copper electrodes with 1 milliampere (mA) conductance capacity were used as anodes to complete the circuit. The results were read daily, with a digital voltmeter connected to the experimental cell, for a total of 21 days. The changes in amount of leakage from day to day within the groups were evaluated by a “t-test for dependent samples” and the difference between two groups was analyzed by “t-test for independent samples”. Results: The difference of apical leakage amount between two experimental groups was not statistically significant (p>0.05). Both groups showed significant leakage at all time periods (p<0.05). Conclusion: RSA alone was not different in terms of leakage from gutta-percha compacted with RSA. However, RSA was not totally effective in preventing leakage

Evaluation of different irrigation techniques on dentin erosion and smear layer removal: A scanning electron microscopy study

Aim:&nbsp;The purpose of the present study is to evaluate the effectiveness of different irrigation techniques EndoVac, RinsEndo, Canal CleanMax (CCMax), SonicMax, Passive Ultrasonic Irrigation (PUI), and Manual Needle Irrigation (MNI) on dentin erosion and smear layer removal using Scanning electron microscopy (SEM).Materials and methods:&nbsp;Seventy extracted single-rooted teeth were instrumented with ProTaper rotary instruments. The roots were randomly divided into six experimental groups (n&nbsp;= 10): EndoVac, RinsEndo, CCMax, SonicMax, PUI, and MNI. Final irrigation was performed with NaOCl followed by ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid and NaOCl. Six roots served as control and were irrigated with only NaOCl. Next, the roots were sectioned in a buccolingual direction and the halves were examined by SEM. Smear layer and erosion scores were recorded in the cervical, middle and apical third of the roots. Data analysis was performed using the Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney&nbsp;U-tests with a level of significance α = 0.05.Results:&nbsp;PUI had the greatest amount of smear layer compared to other groups (P&nbsp;&lt; 0.001). However, SonicMax had the greatest degree of erosion compared to RinsEndo, MNI, PUI, and EndoVac groups (P&nbsp;&lt; 0.001) and CCMax group (P&nbsp;&lt; 0.05).Conclusions:&nbsp;RinsEndo and EndoVac techniques left the least amount of smear layer while causing erosion the least compared to CCMax, PUI, and MNI techniques.Keywords:&nbsp;Erosion; irrigation; scanning electronic microscope; smear layer.</p

In Vitro Cytotoxicity Of Calcium Silicate-Based Endodontic Cement As Root-End Filling Materials

The aim of this study was to evaluate the cytotoxicity of three types of calcium silicate-based endodontic cement after different incubation periods with human periodontal ligament fibroblasts. Human periodontal ligament fibroblasts were cultured from extracted third molars and seeded in 96-well plates. MTA, calcium enriched mixture (CEM) cement, and Biodentine were prepared and added to culture insert plates which were immediately placed into 96-well plates containing cultured cells. After incubation periods of 24, 48, and 72 hours, cell viability was determined with WST-1 assay. Data were analysed statistically by ANOVA with repeated measures and Bonferroni tests. There was no significant difference in cell viability amongst the test materials after each incubation period (P > 0.05). MTA and CEM presented more than 90% cell viability after 24 and 48 hours of incubation and showed statistically significant decrease in cell viability after 72 hours of incubation (P < 0.05). Biodentine showed significantly less cell viability (73%) after 24 hours of incubation, whereas more than 90% cell viability was seen after 48 and 72 hours of incubation (P < 0.05). Despite the significant changes in cell viability over time, materials presented similar cytotoxicity profile. Biodentine and CEM can be considered as alternative materials for root-end surgery procedures.PubMedScopu