Competition of Commodities for the Status of Money in an Agent-based Model

In this model study of the commodity market, we present some evidence of competition of commodities for the status of money in the regime of parameters, where emergence of money is possible. The competition reveals itself as a rivalry of a few (typically two) dominant commodities, which take the status of money in turn.Comment: 10 pages, 4 figure

Analiza učestalosti promjena i simptoma bolesti u divljih svinja u Poljskoj u razdoblju 2015.-2019.

The aim of the study was to analyse the results of the post-mortem sanitary and veterinary examinations of wild boar by the Veterinary Inspection in Poland between 2015 and 2019. The examination took into account changes such as emaciation, septicaemia and pyaemia, parasitic diseases and other. Analyses determined the number of animals examined, the number of carcasses with lesions, and the number of carcasses declared unfit for consumption. During the study period, more than 680,000 wild boars were subjected to sanitary and veterinary tests in Poland. Symptoms or lesions were found in 11,566 animals (1.70%), and 10,883 (1.60%) animals were declared unfit for consumption. The percentage of wild boar carcasses with lesions examined by year ranged from 1.23% in 2015 to 2.02% in 2019 and the percentage of wild boar carcasses declared unfit in relation to all carcasses tested ranged from 1.23% in 2015 to 1.88% in 2019. Parasitic lesions were found in 3488 wild boar carcasses, accounting for 30.16% of all changes recorded in wild boar carcasses. The most common parasitic disease was trichinellosis and the most frequent change was emaciation, which was recorded in 2665 (0.39%) animals. Putrefaction is a common lesion in wild boar carcasses, and was detected in 2546 (0.37%) animals. Territorial differences were found in the frequency of lesions in wild boars in Poland. The most trichinellosis cases in carcasses was recorded in Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeship (748) and Wielkopolskie Voivodeship (638). Kujawsko-pomorskie Voivodeship and Wielkopolskie Voivodeship together had a total of 2324 cases of emaciation, accounting for 87.2% of all cases of these changes registered in the study period. The largest number of wild boar carcasses declared unfit for consumption was found in Kujawsko-pomorskie Voivodeship (3356) and Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeship (2692), together accounting for 6048 unfit carcasses, or more than 55% of all carcasses declared unfit for consumption during the study period. The number of wild boars diagnosed with trichinellosis increased during the study period and was highest during 2019, with a systematic increase in the percentage of carcasses declared unfit for consumption in relation to the total.Cilj studije bio je analizirati rezultate obdukcijskog pregleda divljih svinja u Poljskoj između 2015. i 2019. godine. Analizirani su rezultati službenog sanitarnog i veterinarskog pregleda divljih svinja kojeg je obavila Veterinarska inspekcija. Procjena je uzela u obzir promjene poput mršavljenje, septikemije i pijemije, parazitskih bolesti i druge promjene. Analiza rezultata testa uzela je u obzir broj ispitanih životinja, broj leševa na kojima su otkrivene lezije i broj leševa proglašenih neprikladnima za konzumaciju. Više od 680 tisuća divljih svinja podvrgnuto je sanitarnim i veterinarskim testovima u Poljskoj između 2015. i 2019. godine. Tijekom studije otkriveni su simptomi ili lezije u 11566 životinja, što čini 1,70 %. 10883 životinja proglašeno je neprikladnima za konzumaciju. To je predstavljalo 1,60 % svih ispitanih životinja. U pojedinačnim godinama, postotak leševa divljih svinja na kojima su otkrivene lezije kretao se od 1,23 % 2015. godine do 2,02 % 2019. Postotak leševa divljih svinja proglašen neprikladnim za konzumaciju u odnosu na sve ispitane leševe kretao se od 1,23 % 2015. godine do 1,88 % 2019. Parazitske lezije otkrivene su na 3488 leševa divljih svinja. One su predstavljale 30,16 % svih promjena zabilježenih na leševima divljih svinja. Najčešća parazitska bolest otkrivena u divljih svinja bila je trihineloza. Najčešća promjena u leševa divljih svinja bilo je mršavljenje. Ova promjena otkrivena je u razdoblju 2015.-2019. godine u 2665 divljih svinja (0,39 %). Trulež je česta lezija u leševa divljih svinja. Takve promjene otkrivene su u razdoblju 2015.-2019. godine u 2546 divljih svinja (0,37 %). Učestalost lezija u divljih svinja u Poljskoj pokazuje teritorijalne razlike. Između 2015. i 2019. godine najveći broj slučajeva trihineloze u leševa divljih svinja zabilježen je u Zachodniopomorskie vojvodstvu (748) i Wielkopolskie vojvodstvu (638). U Kujawsko-pomorskie vojvodstvu i Wielkopolskie vojvodstvu, bilo je ukupno 2324 slučaja mršavljenja, što je činilo 87,2 % svih slučajeva ovih promjena zabilježenih u razdoblju 2015.-2019. godine u Poljskoj. Najveći broj leševa divljih svinja proglašenih neprikladnima za konzumaciju pronađen je u Kujawsko-pomorskie vojvodstvu (3356) i Zachodniopomorskie vojvodstvu (2692). Ukupni broj leševa proglašenih neprikladnima za konzumaciju u ova dva vojvodstva bio je 6048, što je više od 55 % svih leševa divljih svinja proglašenih neprikladnima za konzumaciju u Poljskoj u razdoblju 2015.- 2019. godine. Između 2015. i 2019. godine broj divljih svinja u kojih je dijagnosticirana bolest bio je u porastu. U analiziranom razdoblju vidljiv je sistematični porast u postotku leševa divljih svinja proglašenih neprikladnima za konzumaciju u odnosu na sve ispitane. U 2019. godini, postotak slučajeva trihineloze u divljih svinja porastao je u usporedbi s rezultatima studije u razdoblju 2016.-2018. godine

THERMOANEMOMETRICAL STUDY OF FLOW STRUCTURE THROUGH A CENTRIFUGAL FAN

Recognition of the spatial kinematics of the flow domain and its relation to the fan impeller geometry has a key influence on the machine design and better performance parameters. In this work some experimental results are presented of the measurements of the absolute velocity, its components and turbulence of the air flow through the radial fan rotor operating in various configurations. As the main measuring tool a three-axial hot-wire anemometer (CTA) probe has been used. The anemometer cooperates with a specialized software prepared by the authors for the spatial analysis of the flow field considered. In particular, the distribution of the circumferential velocity components behind the impeller rim has been examined, which affects directly the fan efficiency. As a result of the flow analysis behind the rotor rim a relationship has been established between the degree of turbulence and the machine efficiency. On the basis of the changes in the averaged-in-time velocity field behind the rim, the outflow of air from the blade passage has been evaluated

Atypical course of erysipelas and coexisting infections : case study and literature review

Erysipelas is  an acute, erythematous, rapidly spreading skin infection, usually caused by beta-haemolytic group A Streptococcus bacteria. The disease is usually located on the legs and toes, less frequently on the face. One of the predisposing factors for the development of erysipelas are coexisting infections. The aim of the work was to attempt to determine whether there was any connection between the atypical course of erysipelas and Helicobacter pylori infection in a 47-year-old female patient. The patient had a history of treatment for chronic otitis media with effusion and recurring abdominal pain. The current disease started abruptly with fever, erythematous skin lesion located on the right cheek and severe pain in the right ear. After a few days, the facial erythema got worse, oedema appeared on the right side of the face and redness, oedema and pain in the auricle could be observed. After examinations by an ENT specialist and a dermatologist, erysipelas of the face, auricle and external auditory meatus was diagnosed. The diagnosis was confirmed by bacteriological examination. As a result of antibiotic therapy skin lesions subsided and the patient’s general condition improved. As the dyspeptic symptoms exacerbated, a diagnostic test was performed and a coexisting Helicobacter pylori infection was diagnosed. The overall clinical picture and data obtained from medical literature suggest that the coexisting Helicobacter pylori infection could have contributed to both the chronic otitis media with effusion and atypical course of erysipelas. According to medical literature, in the case of patients with dyspeptic symptoms, Helicobacter pylori bacteria can be transferred from the lining of the stomach upwards to the oral cavity, middle ear and paranasal sinuses. Kariya et al. in their review of original work suggested that Helicobacter pylori may contribute to the exacerbation of an existing inflammation in the middle ear, which is a microaerophilic environment required for this bacteria to grow. In conclusion, it seems that constant stimulation of the immune system by Helicobacter pylori could have caused the system to become dysregulated and weakened, which probably accounted for the atypical course of erysipelas in the patient described

ARTEFACTS FROM KRAKOW-NOWA HUTA AS AN ILLUSTRATION OF SELECTED ISSUES OF RESEARCH INTO PREHISTORIC AND MEDIAEVAL CASTING

In cooperation with the Archaeological Museum in Krakow, an attempt has been made to examine the earliest traces of non-ferrous metal metallurgy and casting in present-day Krakow. The preparatory investigation has centred around a group of finds coming from a small section of the eastern part of the city, including the area of present-day Nowa Huta. The paper gives an overall view of objects ranging from the first copper artefacts from the territory of Poland in the 4th millennium BC through Lusatian bronzes and Celtic products to modern slag from Jan Thurzo’s copper smelter. The analysis, involving diverse copper or copper alloy artefacts, ornaments and tools – both imports and local products – has been aimed at preliminary identification of Krakow’s earliest metal artefacts in terms of their materials and methods of production, and at preparing the ground for further study. This multifaceted research is intended to result in a comparison of materials and techniques used in metallurgy and casting during the timespan of 5000 years