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Publikacja dofinansowana przez katedry literaturoznawcze Instytutu Filologii Polskiej Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego

Józef Morelowski and Adam Jerzy Czartoryski’s literary reactions to the third partition of Poland (in the context of Adam Czartoryski’s Polish Bard). Reconnaissance

Literackie reakcje na trzeci rozbiór Polski Józefa Morelowskiego i Adama Jerzego Czartoryskiego na tle trwającego po 1795 roku przekonania o zamilknięciu poetów. W pracy podjęto problem wpływu ustrojowej klęski z 1795 roku i kryzysu języka literackiego i normatywnego na aktywność literatów tuż po trzecim rozbiorze. Przez dziesięciolecia panowało krzywdzące przekonanie, że po upadku Rzeczypospolitej wśród poetów zapanowało całkowite milczenie. Uwagę skupiono na literackich reakcjach na utratę suwerenności dwóch poetów ostatniej generacji twórców polskiego oświecenia: debiutującego Adama Jerzego Czartoryskiego (poemat Bard polski) oraz młodego jezuickiego kleryka, Józefa Morelowskiego (Treny na rozbiór Polski). Ich literackie zaangażowanie stanowi dowód szczerych uczuć patriotycznych i głębokich reakcji na utratę niepodległości wbrew wieloletniemu przekonaniu o zaniknięciu poezji patriotycznej. Ponadto obserwacji poddano opinie wybranych krytyków i badaczy literackich na temat stanu literatury oraz słuszności poglądu na temat milczenia poetów po 1795 r.The problem of the influence of the 1795 political defeat and the crisis of the Polish literary and normative language on the activity of writers immediately after the Third Partition is the main subject of this text. The unjust conviction that after the fall of the Republic there was a total silence amongst poets prevailed for decades. The attention was focused on literary reactions to the loss of the sovereignty of two poets of the last generation of authors of the Polish Enlightenment: Adam Jerzy Czartoryski, who was making his debut (the Polish bard poem) and Jozef Morelowski, a young Jesuit clerical student (Laments for the Partition of Poland). Their literary commitment constitutes the token of sincere emotions of patriotism and deep reactions to the loss of independence in spite of a long-term conviction about the disappearance of patriotic poetry. Moreover, opinions of selected critics and literary researchers on the state of literature and the correctness of the view about the silence of poets after 1795 were analysed

Joseph Morelowski as an Educator and a Perfectionist Writer

The purpose of the article is to present the poetic activity of Joseph Morelowski and his career path as a hardworking educator and student of the Jesuits in Polotsk. Morelowski devoted his life to teaching at Jesuit colleges, the Academy of Polotsk, as well as in the schools in Galicia. He was known as an educator of the youth, a professor of Rhetoric and Poetics, teacher of languages: Russian and French. The testimony of his efforts as the youth educator, the cleanliness of the Polish language and survival of mother tongue at the Time of Partition can be found in his literary work. Daily job as educator and attention to his own poetic work and certainly religious duties were associated with the need to impose him much of discipline. Despite the immensity of work for Morelowski the great importance was the pursuit of excellence in the art of poetry. A large part of his literary works was dedicated to reflection on the writer’s work. Some remarks are also devoted to places of work and rest of the Jesuit because there can also be found poetic ‘documentation’ forms of recreation in his poetry