Effect of two oil types and energy levels on broiler performance, carcass quality and skin pigmentation

This study evaluated different levels of metabolisable energy (ME) and two oil types: crude soybean oil (CSO) and acidulated soybean oil (ASO), in sorghum-soybean meal diets for broilers. One thousand and eight unsexed Ross 308 chicks aged 1 to 49 days old were used in a factorial arrangement design 2x3. The first factor corresponded to the oils (CSO and ASO) and the second factor corresponded to the ME levels (high, medium and low) in the initiation (1-10 days), growing (11-25 days) and finishing (26-48 days) feeds, with a 90 kcal/kg reduction. The treatments were as follows: (1) CSO with 3010, 3175 and 3200 kcal/kg; (2) CSO with 2920, 3085 and 3110 kcal/kg; (3) CSO with 2920, 3085 and 3200 kcal/kg; (4) ASO with 3010, 3175 and 3200 kcal/kg; (5) ASO with 2920, 3085 and 3110 kcal/kg; and (6) ASO with 2920, 3085 and 3200 kcal/kg. The treatments with high and medium levels of ME (P<0.05) were higher. The carcass weight and skin pigmentation when cold were better in broilers fed with high and medium levels of ME (P<0.05). No effect (P>0.05) between oil types was found. It can be concluded that it is feasible to replace CSO by ASO and to reduce 90 kcal/kg of ME from the recommended amount for the breed during the initiation and growing stages, without affecting their performance

Biodisponibilidad de lisina en dos pastas de soya con diferente nivel de actividad ureásica en pollos de engorda

In  order  to  study  bioavailability  of  lysine  of  two  soybeans  meals  (PSA  and  PSB)  for  broilers  with  different  ureaseactivity  (UA of  0.11 and  0.17 units  of  pH change),  an experiment  was  performed.  Two  hundred  and  ten (210)  chicksRoss  were  used  from  1  to  21  d  of  age,  in  a  completely  randomized  design  with  7  treatments  with  three  replicateseach  one. Treatments  were: 1)  Basal  diet sorghum-soybean  meal (deficient  in  lysine), 2)  Basal  diet+0.05%  L-lysine,3)  Basal diet+0.10%  L-lysine,  4) Basal  diet+0.05%  lysine from  PSA, 5)  Basal  diet+0.10% lysine  from  PSA,  6)  Basaldiet+0.05%  lysine from  PSB and  7)  Basal diet+0.10%  lysine  from  PSB.  The  growth  results  obtained  were  explainedby multiple linear regression equation, based on the data of weight gain, consumption of synthetic lysine  and intakesof  lysine  from  soybean  meals:  Y=X1+  Y=  375.419  +  0.0378  X1  +  0.0366  X2  +  0.0376  X3;  where  X1  accountedsupplementation  with  L-lysine,  X2  with  PSA  (with  addition  of  raw  hull)  and  X3  with  PSB  (with  addition  of  cockedhull).  Comparison  of  the  PSA  or  PSB  slopes  with  the  L-lysine  slope  (i.e.  100  %  bioavailability)  showed  them  all  tohave  >95  %  lysine  availability:  PS  A=  97  %,  PSB=  99  %.  These  results  indicate  that  UA  of  soybean  meal  affectedthe  bioavailability  of  lysine;  therefore  more  than  0.12  urcase  activity  units  of  pH  change,  lower  is  the  availability.Para conocer la biodisponibilidad de lisina para pollos de dos pastas de soya (PSA y PSB), con diferente actividad ureásica (AU 0.11 y 0.17 unidades de incremento de pH), se realizó el presente experimento. Se utilizaron 210 pollitos Ross de 1 a 21 días de edad, los cuales se distribuyeron al azar en 7 tratamientos con tres repeticiones. Lostratamientos fueron: 1) dieta basal sorgo-soya-ajonjolí (deficiente en lisina), 2) dieta basal + 0.05% de L-lisina, 3) dieta basal+0.10% de L-lisina, 4) dieta basal+0.05% de lisina a partir de PSA, 5) dieta basal+0.10% de lisina a partir de PSA, 6) dieta basal+0.05% de lisina a partir de PSB y 7) dieta basal+0.10% de lisina a partir de PSB. Losresultados de crecimiento, se explicaron mediante la ecuación de regresión lineal múltiple, con los datos de ganancia de peso, consumos de lisina sintética o consumos de lisina a partir de las pastas de soya fue Y= 375.419 + 0.0378 X1 + 0.0366 X2 + 0.0376 X3; en donde X1 correspondió a la complementación con L-lisina, X2 con la PSA (con adición de cascarilla cruda) y X3 con la PSB (con adición de cascarilla cocida). Al comparar la pendiente de la pasta de soya A o B, con la obtenida con L-lisina (100%), se tuvieron biodisponibilidades de lisina de 97 y 99 % para las pastasde soya A y B respectivamente. Estos resultados indican que la AU de la pasta de soya afecta la biodisponibilidad de lisina; a mayor actividad ureásica, menor es la disponibilidad

Efecto de un complejo multienzimático y un probiótico en gallinas de postura alimentadas con dietas sorgo-soya-canola

Se realizó un estudio con la finalidad de evaluar los parámetros productivos, concentraciones de IgA secretora intestinal, colesterol, LDL, HDL en suero, de gallinas de postura alimentadas con dietas sorgo + soya + canola con menor contenido de nutrientes adicionadas con un complejo multienzimático (proteasas, amilasas y xilanasas) y un probiótico (Bacillus subtilis). Se emplearon 180 gallinas Bovans White de 42 a 54 semanas de edad distribuidas en un diseño completamente al azar, con 3 tratamientos: 1) dieta testigo, 2) dieta reducida en energía metabolizable (50 kcal/kg y 2% de proteína y aminoácidos metionina y lisina) + enzimas, 3) dieta 2 + probiótico. Para los resultados de rendimiento productivo existió diferencia (P0.05) entre tratamientos. Se puede concluir que la inclusión de enzimas y probiótico permitió reducir nutrientes (EM, proteína y aminoácidos lisina y metionina) con resultados similares en parámetros productivos respecto a la dieta testigo, y sin cambios en inmunidad intestinal, niveles de colesterol, lipoproteínas de alta y baja densidad en gallinas Bovans White.

Modulación nutricional de la inmunidad en pollo de engorda mediante el empleo de un inmunoestimulante (paredes celulares de levaduras de Saccharomyces cerevisiae) /

\ua0tesis que para obtener el grado de Doctor en Ciencias de la Producción y de la Salud Animal, presenta Gabriela Guadalupe Gómez Verduzco ; asesor Ernesto Ávila González. ix, 28, 22, [27] páginas. Doctorado en Ciencias de la Producción y de la Salud Animal\ua0UNAM, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia,\ua0200

Dietary supplementation of mannan-oligosaccharide enhances neonatal immune responses in chickens during natural exposure to <it>Eimeria </it>spp

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Control and eradication of intestinal infections caused by protozoa are important biomedical challenges worldwide. Prophylactic control of coccidiosis has been achieved with the use of anticoccidial drugs; however, the increase in anticoccidial resistance has raised concerns about the need for new alternatives for the control of coccidial infections. In fact, new strategies are needed to induce potent protective immune responses in neonatal individuals.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>The effects of a dietary supplementation of mannan-oligosaccharide (yeast cell wall; YCW) on the local, humoral and cell-mediated immune responses, and intestinal replication of coccidia were evaluated in a neonatal animal model during natural exposure to <it>Eimeria </it>spp. A total of 840 one-day-old chicks were distributed among four dietary regimens: A) Control diet (no YCW) plus anticoccidial vaccine); B) Control diet plus coccidiostat; C) YCW diet plus anticoccidial vaccination; and D) YCW diet plus coccidiostat. Weight gain, feed consumption and immunological parameters were examined within the first seven weeks of life.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Dietary supplementation of 0.05% of YCW increased local mucosal IgA secretions, humoral and cell-mediated immune responses, and reduced parasite excretion in feces.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Dietary supplementation of yeast cell wall in neonatal animals can enhance the immune response against coccidial infections. The present study reveals the potential of YCW as adjuvant for modulating mucosal immune responses.</p

Performance and egg quality in semi-free range hens fed diets with different levels of canola meal

Se evaluó el comportamiento productivo y calidad organoléptica del huevo, en gallinas Isa-Brown alimentadas con dietas isoproteicas e isocalóricas sorgo-soya con la inclusión de pasta de canola (PC) (0, 6.6, 13.2 y 26.4 %), como reemplazo de la proteína (0, 25, 50 y 90 %) de pasta de soya (PS). Se realizaron dos experimentos. En el primero se reemplazó el 0, 50 y 90 %, se utilizaron 405 gallinas de 23 a 31 semanas de edad, en tres tratamientos con tres repeticiones de 45 gallinas cada una. En el segundo, se reemplazó el 0, 25 y 50 %, se utilizaron 405 gallinas de 40 a 48 semanas de edad, en tres tratamientos con tres repeticiones de 45 gallinas cada una. Los resultados en ambos experimentos para porcentaje de postura, peso de huevo, consumo de alimento, masa de huevo, conversión alimenticia, unidades Haugh, color de la yema y grosor de cascarón, indicaron que no existió diferencia (P >0.05) entre tratamientos. Los datos para sabor del huevo en el Exp 1, mostraron diferencia (P 0.05) entre tratamientos. Se puede concluir que gallinas Isa Brown alimentadas con dietas sorgo- PS, con el reemplazo de 25, 50 y 90 % de proteína de PS por proteína de PC, no afectó el rendimiento productivo, unidades Haugh y color de la yema; sin embargo, el reemplazo del 90 % (26.4 % de inclusión de PC), impartió al huevo sabor a pescado.In order to evaluate performance and organoleptic quality of egg-Isa Brown hens fed sorghum-soybean meal isoproteic and isocaloric diets with different levels of inclusion of canola meal (0.0, 6.6, 13.2 and 26.4 %) as a replacement (0.0, 25, 50 and 90 %) for soybean meal protein (SM), two experiments were conducted. In Exp 1, 13.2 and 26.4 % canola meal levels were used in 405 hens, 23 to 31 wk of age, in three treatments (including a control with 0 % canola meal) with three replicates of 45 hens each. In Exp 2, 6.6 and 13.2 % canola meal levels were used in 405 hens, 40 to 48 wk of age, in three treatments (including a control with 0 % canola meal) with three replicates of 45 hens each. Canola meal inclusion level had no effect (P >0.05) on laying percentage, egg weight, feed intake, egg mass, feed conversion, Haugh units, yolk color and shell thickness in either experiment. Only egg flavor in Exp 1 differed among treatments in that sensory test panelists preferred (P 0.05) in organoleptic variables were noted in Exp 2. Replacement of 25, 50 and 90 % of protein from soybean meal had no effect on performance or egg quality parameters in ISA Brown hens. However, replacement of 90 % of the protein (26.34 % inclusion with canola meal) imparted a fishy odor to the eggs

Comportamiento productivo y respuesta inmune de pollos alimentados con dietas sorgo-soya con y sin aflatoxina y paredes celulares de levadura (Saccharomyces cerevisiae)

Two experiments were conducted on broilers Ross 308 fed sorghum-soybean meal diets. In Exp 1, broilers from 0 to 49 d of age were used in a completely randomized design with four treatments and three replicates of 36 chicks each one, the treatments were: 1) Control diet, 2) As 1+wall cell yeast (YWC), 3)As 1+Bacitracine zinc 30 ppm (GPA) and 4) As 1+YWC+GPA. The YWC and GPA improved at 49 d the weight gain (PSe realizaron dos experimentos con pollos Ross 308 alimentados con dietas sorgo+ pasta de soya. En el Exp 1, se empleó un diseño completamente al azar con cuatro tratamientos y tres repeticiones de 36 pollos con una duración de 49 días. Los tratamientos fueron: 1) dieta sorgo+pasta de soya, 2) como 1+paredes celulares de levadura (PCL), 3) como 1+antibiótico promotor bacitracina cinc 30 ppm (APC) y 4) como 1+ PCL+APC. Los resultados en 49 días indicaron que las PCL y los APC mejoraron la ganancia de peso (

Productive Performance and Cecum Microbiota Analysis of Broiler Chickens Supplemented with &beta;-Mannanases and Bacteriophages&mdash;A Pilot Study

This study was conducted to evaluate the productive performance, intestinal health, and description of the cecum microbiota in broilers supplemented with &beta;-mannanases (MNs) and bacteriophages (BPs). Six hundred one-day-old broilers were divided into four groups and fed one of the following diets: CON&mdash;corn&ndash;soybean meal + 10 ppm enramycin (ENR); MN: CON + 500 ppm MN; BP: CON + 500 ppm BP; MN + BP: BP + 500 ppm MN. The BP and MN factors showed similar performances to ENR. MN improved the concentration of IgA in the jejunum at 35 days of age. The morphometric index (IM) of the thymus increased by adding MN, while BP increased the liver and thymus IM. The histological analysis showed that BP and MN improved the intestinal morphology. MN + BP showed a tendency to decrease the abundance of Proteobacteria and increase the abundance of Bacteroidetes, indicating better microbiota function. In conclusion, our results demonstrate that the combination of MN + BP has potential in poultry nutrition; however, we highly recommend further experiments to confirm this hypothesis

Immune Evaluation of Avian Influenza Virus HAr Protein Expressed in <i>Dunaliella salina</i> in the Mucosa of Chicken

Avian influenza (AI) is a serious threat to the poultry industry worldwide. Currently, vaccination efforts are based on inactivated, live attenuated, and recombinant vaccines, where the principal focus is on the type of virus hemagglutinin (HA), and the proposed use of recombinant proteins of AI virus (AIV). The use of antigens produced in microalgae is a novel strategy for the induction of an immune response in the mucosal tissue. The capacity of the immune system in poultry, particularly in mucosa, plays an important role in the defense against pathogens. This system depends on a complex relationship between specialized cells and soluble factors, which confer protection against pathogens. Primary lymphoid organs (PLO), as well as lymphocytic aggregates (LA) such as the Harderian gland (HG) and mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT), actively participate in a local immune response which is mainly secretory IgA (S-IgA). This study demonstrates the usefulness of subunit antigens for the induction of a local and systemic immune response in poultry via ocular application. These findings suggest that a complex protein such as HAr from AIV (H5N2) can successfully induce increased local production of S-IgA and a specific systemic immune response in chickens