Evaluation of microbiological safety in bioinputs produced in Mexico

Objective: This work aimed to evaluate the microbiological safety of bioinputs produced in Mexico. The main reason for this evaluation is that bioinputs are products made from the region's manures, plant residues and raw materials. The transformation of these raw materials is carried out by microorganisms present. The process goes through three stages: initial, thermophilic and final. The thermophilic stage is critical because weeds and microorganisms with pathogenic potential disappear in processes under optimal conditions. Methodology: 1345 bioinputs samples were received from different states of Mexico. The samples were evaluated for the presence of total and fecal coliforms and Escherichia coli under the provisions of the Official Mexican STANDARDS, NOM-210-SSA1-2014 and NOM-114-SSA1-1994. Results: It was possible to identify 79% of the samples with Most Probable Number values <3 of total coliforms, fecal coliforms and Escherichia coli, the minimum permissible by the Official Mexican STANDARD NOM-210-SSA1-2014, also identified 99% of samples free of Salmonella. Conclusions: The results obtained allow us to conclude that the bioinputs produced in Mexico are free of pathogens for humans, which can also be represented as innocuous bioinputs.  Objective: This work aimed to evaluate the microbiological safety of bioinputs produced in Mexico. The main reason for this evaluation is that bioinputs are products made from the region's manures, plant residues and raw materials. The transformation of these raw materials is carried out by microorganisms present. The process goes through three stages: initial, thermophilic and final. The thermophilic stage is critical because weeds and microorganisms with pathogenic potential disappear in processes under optimal conditions. Methodology: 1345 bioinputs samples were received from different states of Mexico. The samples were evaluated for the presence of total and fecal coliforms and Escherichia coli under the provisions of the Official Mexican STANDARDS, NOM-210-SSA1-2014 and NOM-114-SSA1-1994. Results: It was possible to identify 79% of the samples with Most Probable Number values <3 of total coliforms, fecal coliforms and Escherichia coli, the minimum permissible by the Official Mexican STANDARD NOM-210-SSA1-2014, also identified 99% of samples free of Salmonella. Conclusions: The results obtained allow us to conclude that the bioinputs produced in Mexico are free of pathogens for humans, which can also be represented as innocuous bioinputs

Constancia

Aislamiento y caracterización de cepas Rhizobium de la zona Centro de México y su relación con la Tolerancia a sequí n Phaseolus vulgari

Constancia

8' Encuentro Nacional de Biotecnologí

Colombian coffee (Coffea arabica L.) plantations: a taxonomic and functional survey of soil fungi

Fungi are essential players in the maintenance of global coffee productivity, but their taxonomic and functional diversity in tropical and subtropical soils of Latin America remains largely unexplored. To address this concern, soil fungi were surveyed in six farms in three traditional coffee-growing regions of Colombia (Cauca, Magdalena, and Risaralda). Five farms were organic and newly established (<1 to 15 years) with low shade, and one farm was under long-term conventional management (>30 years old) with higher shade cover. We used amplicon sequencing and functional prediction based on the FUNGuild annotation tool. Fungal community composition diverged among farms, with Mortierella (Mortierellomycota) and Saitozyma (Basidiomycota) among the most prevalent genera. Functional prediction revealed the predominance of saprotroph-symbiotroph and pathotroph fungi. The endophyte and litter decomposer Mortierella genus was dominant within the saprotrophs and symbiotrophs. The pathotroph community was characterized by insect pathogen species belonging to the Metarhizium (Ascomycota) genus. Indeed, M. anisopliae and M. marquandii were identified as indicator species in the conventional long-term shaded farm. This study revealed that coffee plantations studied sustain a diverse fungal community and nurture potentially beneficial species. Further studies are needed to elucidate how particular management practices can nourish beneficial fungi, suppress detrimental species, and promote more sustainable coffee production

ENFOQUES GENÓMICOS Y TRANSCRIPTÓMICOS PARA ESTUDIAR ÁRBOLES MADERABLES: PERSPECTIVAS PARA EL ESTUDIO DE CEDRO ROJO (Cedrela odorata L.)

Introducción: El enfoque genómico y transcriptómico de alto rendimiento se ha desarrollado e implementado para tratar los principales desafíos que el sector forestal maderable afronta como, el crecimiento poblacional, cambio climático, deforestación y la pérdida de los servicios ecosistémicos forestales. Objetivo: Realizar una revisión bibliográfica enfocada en los genomas y transcriptomas de árboles maderables reportados en las bases de datos, con especial atención en el cedro rojo (Cedrela odorata L.), debido a la importancia como madera preciosa en México. Metodología: Se realizó una revisión de literatura, dirigida en el estudio de los árboles maderables con estrategias genómica y transcriptómica, en diferentes bases de datos como Pubmed, Scopus, Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, Wiley Online Library, MDPI y Scielo para identificar las especies maderables que cuentan con genomas y transcriptomas reportados. La estructura de la revisión fue: la genómica de árboles maderables, la transcriptómica de la madera, las especies potenciales de estudio por su importancia y finalmente, las bases de datos para consulta. Posteriormente se realizó un estudio bibliométrico con la librería de bibliometrix en R Studio. Resultados principales: El primer genoma forestal en ser ensamblado a nivel de cromosoma fue el álamo negro. Entre los árboles maderables, están reportados los genomas de álamo negro, álamo del desierto, eucalipto y roble con una longitud de 392, 496, 691 y 789 Mb. Con el estudio del transcriptoma, ha sido posible identificar genes relacionados con la formación de la madera en un álamo híbrido (Populus alba L. × P. glandulosa) y P. tremula L. y con la tolerancia a la sequía en Pinus massoniana y Pinus pinaster Aiton. En cedro rojo (Cedrela odorata L.), se obtuvo el transcriptoma con la secuenciación de una sola hoja, identificando 52,181 modelos de genes. En las bases de datos NCBI, EMBL-EBI, TreeGenes, PLAZA y el sitio web de la genómica de la madera dura es posible encontrar información relacionada con la genómica y transcriptómica de las especies maderables. Implicaciones: Se requieren más investigaciones en el área de las ómicas en maderables, particularmente en cedro rojo, ya que la búsqueda en estos temas arrojó poca información Conclusión: A través de la revisión bibliográfica en las bases de datos, se identificaron los árboles maderables que cuentan con genoma y transcriptoma descritos. Dicha información puede ser utilizada para el ensamble y anotación de nuevos genomas, identificación de genes y marcadores moleculares, entre otras aplicaciones

<i>Allium</i>-Based Phytobiotic for Laying Hens’ Supplementation: Effects on Productivity, Egg Quality, and Fecal Microbiota

The poultry industry is constantly demanding novel strategies to improve the productivity and health status of hens, prioritizing those based on the holistic use of natural resources. This study aimed to assess the effects of an Allium-based phytobiotic on productivity, egg quality, and fecal microbiota of laying hens. One hundred and ninety-two 14-week-old Lohmann Lite LSL hens were allocated into an experimental farm, fed with a commercial concentrate with and without the Allium-based phytobiotic, and challenged against Salmonella. Productivity, egg quality, and fecal microbiota were monitored for 20 weeks. Results showed that the phytobiotic caused an increase on the number of eggs laid (p p p > 0.05), although yolk color was decreased. Fecal microbiota structure was also modified, indicating a modulation of the gut microbiota by increasing the presence of Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes but reducing Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria phyla. Predicted changes in the functional profiles of fecal microbiota suggest alterations in metabolic activities that could be responsible for the improvement and maintenance of productivity and egg quality when the phytobiotic was supplemented; thus, Allium-based phytobiotic has a major impact on the performance of laying hens associated with a possible gut microbiota modulation

Growth Performance and Fecal Microbiota of Dairy Calves Supplemented with Autochthonous Lactic Acid Bacteria as Probiotics in Mexican Western Family Dairy Farming

Probiotic supplementation in dairy cattle has achieved several beneficial effects (improved growth rate, immune response, and adequate ruminal microbiota). This study assessed the effects on the growth parameters and gut microbiota of newborn dairy calves supplemented with two Lactobacillus-based probiotics, individually (6BZ or 6BY) or their combination (6BZ + 6BY), administrated with the same concentration (1 × 109 CFU/kg weight) at three times, between days 5 and 19 after birth. The control group consisted of probiotic-unsupplemented calves. Growth parameters were recorded weekly until eight weeks and at the calves’ ages of three, four, and five months. Fecal microbiota was described by high-throughput sequencing and bioinformatics. Although no significant effects were observed regarding daily weight and height gain among probiotic-supplemented and non-supplemented calves, correlation analysis showed that growth rate was maintained until month 5 through probiotic supplementation, mainly when the two-strain probiotics were supplied. Modulation effects on microbiota were observed in probiotic-supplemented calves, improving the Bacteroidota: Firmicutes and the Proteobacteria ratios. Functional prediction by PICRUSt also showed an increment in several pathways when the two-strain probiotic was supplemented. Therefore, using the three-administration scheme, the two-strain probiotic improved the growth rate and gut microbiota profile in newborn dairy calves. However, positive effects could be reached by applying more administrations of the probiotic during the first 20 days of a calf’s life