Methodology validation for assay and pharmaceutical equivalency study for lamivudine tablets 150 mg

A lamivudina é um fármaco indicado para o tratamento de infecção por HIV, tipos 1 e 2. Tem sido extensivamente utilizada no Brasil, em programa público do Ministério da Saúde. Visando à verificação da qualidade dos medicamentos contendo este fármaco foi estabelecida e validada metodologia para determinação do teor da lamivudina. Foi também realizado estudo de equivalência farmacêutica frente ao medicamento referência. Parâmetros físicos e físico-químicos de comprimidos de liberação imediata de diferentes lotes de quatro laboratórios (G, A, B e C) foram avaliados. O método proposto para o doseamento, por cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência, mostrou precisão, exatidão, linearidade e especificidade. Os lotes dos laboratórios G, A e B apresentaram resultados adequados em todos os testes aos quais foram submetidos. O produto G (referência) mostrou similaridade entre seus lotes com dissolução rápida. Os produtos A e B mostraram diferenças entre seus lotes, mas ao final do tempo determinado alcançaram cedência semelhante ao do produto G, sendo considerados equivalentes farmacêuticos ao medicamento referência. Os lotes do produto C não foram similares entre si e apresentaram baixa dissolução, não possuindo qualidade adequada para o consumo humano.Lamivudine is a drug used in the treatment of types 1 and 2 HIV infections. It has been widely used in Brazil, in public programs of the Health Ministry. This work reports lamivudine assay methodologies, which have been developed and validated. Pharmaceutical equivalency studies were also performed for lamivudine tablets. Physical and physicochemical parameters of immediate release reference and test tablets of four different laboratories (G, A, B and C) were evaluated. The proposed analytical method, high performance liquid chromatography, presented satisfactory precision, accuracy, linearity and specificity. Batches from laboratories G, A and B showed appropriate results in all tests to which they were submitted. Tablet batches from laboratory G (reference) showed similar dissolution profile and fast dissolution rate. The products A and B showed differences between their batches, in regards to the dissolution rates at the initial profile. However at the end of the profile they reached similar release to the reference, product G. Therefore they can be considered pharmaceutical equivalents to the reference product. Batches of product from laboratory C showed much more differences with reduced dissolution presenting no appropriate quality for human consumption

Development and validation of a High Performance Liquid Chromatographic method for determination of etoposide in biodegradable polymeric implants

A method using HPLC-UV was developed and validated for the determination of etoposide incorporated into polycaprolactone implants. The method was carried out in isocratic mode using a C18 column (250 x 4.6 mm; 5 µm), at 25 ºC, with acetonitrile and acetic acid 4% (70:30) as mobile phase, a flow rate of 2 mL/min, and UV detection at 285 nm. The method was linear (r² > 0.99) over the range of 5 to 65 µg/mL, precise (RSD < 5%), accurate (recovery of 98.7%), robust, selective regarding excipient of the sample, and had a quantitation limit equal to 1.76 µg/mL. The validated method can be successfully employed for routine quality control analyses

Spectrophotometric determination of etoposide from polymeric implant and application in the study of in vitro release profile Determinação espectrofotométrica de etoposide de implante polimérico e aplicação no estudo do perfil de liberação in vitro

RESUMO Um método espectrofotométrico rápido, simples e econômico foi desenvolvido para a quantificação de etoposídeo em implantes poliméricos e em amostras obtidas a partir do estudo de liberação in vitro. As amostras foram quantificadas a 285 nm. O método foi linear (r 2 &gt; 0,99) na faixa entre 5 e 100 μg/ml, preciso (DPR &lt; 5%), exato (valores de recuperação próximos de 100%), seletivo em relação aos excipientes das amostras, e apresentou limite de quantificação igual a 1,68 μg/ml. O método validado foi empregado com sucesso para análises de rotina de controle de qualidade. Não houve diferença significativa entre os resultados obtidos pelos método espectrofotométrico e HPLC para a determinação de etoposídeo incorporado em implantes biodegradáveis. Palavras chave: Estudos de Validação, Espectrofotometria, Polímero. ABSTRACT A rapid, economical, and simple UV spectrophotometric method was developed for quantification of etoposide in polymeric implants and samples derived from in vitro release study. The samples were quantified at 285 nm wavelength. The method was linear (r 2 &gt; 0.99) over the range of 5 to 100 μg/ml, precise (RSD &lt; 5%), accurate (recovery values close to the 100%), selective regarding excipient of the sample, and had a quantitation limit equal to 1.68 μg/ml. The validated method can be successfully employed for routine quality control analyses. There was no significant difference between the spectrophotometric method and HPLC method for determination of etoposide incorporated into biodegradable devices

Validação de metodologia para doseamento e estudo de equivalência farmacêutica de comprimidos de lamivudina 150 mg Methodology validation for assay and pharmaceutical equivalency study for lamivudine tablets 150 mg

A lamivudina é um fármaco indicado para o tratamento de infecção por HIV, tipos 1 e 2. Tem sido extensivamente utilizada no Brasil, em programa público do Ministério da Saúde. Visando à verificação da qualidade dos medicamentos contendo este fármaco foi estabelecida e validada metodologia para determinação do teor da lamivudina. Foi também realizado estudo de equivalência farmacêutica frente ao medicamento referência. Parâmetros físicos e físico-químicos de comprimidos de liberação imediata de diferentes lotes de quatro laboratórios (G, A, B e C) foram avaliados. O método proposto para o doseamento, por cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência, mostrou precisão, exatidão, linearidade e especificidade. Os lotes dos laboratórios G, A e B apresentaram resultados adequados em todos os testes aos quais foram submetidos. O produto G (referência) mostrou similaridade entre seus lotes com dissolução rápida. Os produtos A e B mostraram diferenças entre seus lotes, mas ao final do tempo determinado alcançaram cedência semelhante ao do produto G, sendo considerados equivalentes farmacêuticos ao medicamento referência. Os lotes do produto C não foram similares entre si e apresentaram baixa dissolução, não possuindo qualidade adequada para o consumo humano.<br>Lamivudine is a drug used in the treatment of types 1 and 2 HIV infections. It has been widely used in Brazil, in public programs of the Health Ministry. This work reports lamivudine assay methodologies, which have been developed and validated. Pharmaceutical equivalency studies were also performed for lamivudine tablets. Physical and physicochemical parameters of immediate release reference and test tablets of four different laboratories (G, A, B and C) were evaluated. The proposed analytical method, high performance liquid chromatography, presented satisfactory precision, accuracy, linearity and specificity. Batches from laboratories G, A and B showed appropriate results in all tests to which they were submitted. Tablet batches from laboratory G (reference) showed similar dissolution profile and fast dissolution rate. The products A and B showed differences between their batches, in regards to the dissolution rates at the initial profile. However at the end of the profile they reached similar release to the reference, product G. Therefore they can be considered pharmaceutical equivalents to the reference product. Batches of product from laboratory C showed much more differences with reduced dissolution presenting no appropriate quality for human consumption

Desenvolvimento e validação de método por cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência para determinação simultânea das impurezas timina e timidina na matéria-prima estavudina Development and validation of a high performance liquid chromatographic method for simultaneous determination of the impurities thymine and thymidine in stavudine bulk drug

<abstract language="eng">A HPLC method was developed to quantify thymine and thymidine impurities in stavudine bulk drug. The separation was carried out in isocratic mode using methanol/water (20:80) as mobile phase, a C18 column and UV detection at 266 nm. The method provided selectivity based on peak purities and resolution among peaks. It was linear over the range of 0.5-5.0 µg/mL. The quantitation limits were 0.021 µg/mL for thymine and 0.134 µg/mL for thymidine. The average accuracies of three concentrations ranged from 97.06 to 102.61% and precision was close to 1%. The method showed robustness, remaining unaffected by deliberate variations in relevant parameters

Quantitation of genistein and genistin in soy dry extracts by UV-Visible spectrophotometric method

This paper describes the development and validation of an UV-Visible spectrophotometric method for quantitation of genistein and genistin in soy dry extracts, after reaction with aluminum chloride. The method showed to be linear (r²= 0.9999), precise (R.S.D. < 2%), accurate (recovery of 101.56%) and robust. Seven samples of soy dry extracts were analyzed by the spectrophotometric validated method and by RP-HPLC. Genistein concentrations determined by spectrophotometry (0.63% - 16.05%) were slightly higher than values obtained by HPLC analysis (0.40% - 12.79%); however, the results of both methods showed a strong correlation

Antimicrobial and Immunomodulatory Activities of Dried Extracts of Echinacea Purpurea

Abstract The use of Echinacea purpurea (EP), a plant native from North America, is widely diffused throughout the world, presenting many pharmacological applications, mainly for the treatment of infections of respiratory and urinary tracts. Due to the widespread commercialization of EP-based products, an effective evaluation of their pharmacological properties is essential to assure efficacy during clinical use. In this study, in vitro tests were performed to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of dried extracts of EP by the microdilution method. In addition, a phagocytosis model was employed to assess the immunomodulatory potential of the extracts. The increase in reactive oxygen species production, as well as the intracellular proliferation rate of Cryptococcus gatti after phagocytosis by macrophages in the presence of EP dried extracts were also evaluated. The analyzed samples showed no significant antibacterial activity; however, a slight antifungal activity was verified. Positive effects of EP extracts on the modulation of cellular immune response were observed in different experiments, indicating that this mechanism may contribute to the control and treatment of infections

Etoposide-Loaded Poly(Lactic-co-Glycolic Acid) Intravitreal Implants: In Vitro and In Vivo Evaluation

Etoposide-loaded poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) implants were developed for intravitreal application. Implants were prepared by a solvent-casting method and characterized in terms of content uniformity, morphology, drug-polymer interaction, stability, and sterility. In vitro drug release was investigated and the implant degradation was monitored by the percent of mass loss. Implants were inserted into the vitreous cavity of rabbits? eye and the in vivo etoposide release profile was determined. Clinical examination and the Hen Egg Test-Chorioallantoic Membrane (HET-CAM) method were performed to evaluate the implant tolerance. The original chemical structure of the etoposide was preserved after incorporation in the polymeric matrix, which the drug was dispersed uniformly. In vitro, implants promoted sustained release of the drug and approximately 57% of the etoposide was released in 50 days. In vivo, devices released approximately 63% of the loaded drug in 42 days. Ophthalmic examination and HET-CAM assay revealed no evidence of toxic effects of implants. These results tend to show that etoposide-loaded implants could be potentially useful as an intraocular etoposide delivery system in the future