Korszakváltás a gyermekkori szerzett csontvelő-elégtelenséggel járó kórképek kezelésében Magyarországon = Change in paradigm in the treatment of pediatric acquired bone marrow failure syndromes in Hungary

Absztrakt: Bevezetés: A gyermekkori szerzett csontvelő-elégtelenségek ritka, kezelés nélkül halálos betegségek. Egységes diagnosztikájukat és terápiájukat európai munkacsoport felügyeli. A munkacsoport bevezette a hypocellularis gyermekkori refrakter cytopenia entitást, melyet csökkentett intenzitású kondicionálással transzplantálva lényegesen jobb túlélési eredményeket kaptak. Célkitűzés: A protokollhoz csatlakozás előtt és az azóta eltelt 5 évben kezelt betegek eredményeinek ismertetése. Módszer: A 2013 és 2017 között eltelt 5 évben a Magyar Gyermekonkológiai Hálózat 8 központjában 55 gyermeket kezeltünk (súlyos aplasticus anaemia: 9, myelodysplasticus szindróma: 41, juvenilis myelomonocyter leukaemia: 5). Súlyos aplasticus anaemiában 7 esetben végeztünk őssejt-transzplantációt, egy esetben antithymocytaglobulin-kezelést, egy beteg a diagnózis előtt meghalt. Myelodysplasiában 37 esetben végeztünk transzplantációt, 4 esetben a szoros megfigyelést választhattuk. E transzplantációk 54%-a (20 eset) csökkentett intenzitású kondicionálással történt. A juvenilis myelomonocyter leukaemiában szenvedő 5 betegnél transzplantáció történt. Eredmények: A diagnózis és a kuratív kezelés között eltelt idő medián 92 (3–393) nap volt, súlyos aplasticus anaemia esetén 28 (3–327) nap. Akut graft versus host betegség II–IV. fokozatú súlyossággal 22,6%, III–IV. fokozatú súlyossággal 6,8%-ban jelentkezett, míg betegeink 11,2%-a krónikus graft versus host betegségben szenvedett. A súlyos aplasticus anaemiával kezelt 8 beteg mindegyike teljes remisszióban él (100%). A myelodysplasia miatt transzplantált betegek becsült túlélése 85,1%, juvenilis myelomonocyter leukaemiában 75%. A medián követési idő 30,4 (1,1–62,5) hónap volt. Jelen eredményeinket összevetettük az 1992 és 2012 között kezelt betegek eredményeivel. A túlélés az új szemlélet nyomán jelentősen javult, súlyos aplasticus anaemiában trendszerűen 70%-ról 100%-ra (p = 0,133), myelodysplasticus szindrómában szignifikánsan 31,3%-ról 85,1%-ra (p = 0,000026). Következtetés: Paradigmaváltás történt a gyermekkori szerzett csontvelő-elégtelenségek kezelésében, a betegcsoport túlélése szignifikánsan növekedett. Orv Hetil. 2018; 159(42): 1710–1719. | Abstract: Introduction: Acquired bone marrow failures are rare but fatal diseases in childhood. Since 2013, Hungary has been participating as a full member in the work of the European Working Group on uniform diagnostics and therapy in patients with acquired bone marrow failure syndromes. Hypocellular refractory cytopenia of childhood has been emphasized as a frequent entity, transplanted by reduced intensity conditioning with excellent outcomes. Aim: To analyse and compare the results of treatment before and after our joining. Method: A total of 55 patients have been treated in the 8 centres of the Hungarian Pediatric Oncology Network during 5 years between 2013 and 2017 (severe aplastic anemia: 9, myelodysplastic syndrome: 41, juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia: 5 patients). Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation was performed in severe aplastic anemia in 7 cases, while antithymocyte globulin was administered in one case and one patient died before diagnosis. In patients with myelodysplastic syndromes, watch and wait strategy was applied in 4, while transplantation in 37 cases. Reduced intensity conditioning was used in 54 percent of these cases. Transplantation was the treatment of choice in all 5 patients with juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia. Results: In the whole patient cohort, the time from diagnosis to treatment was median 92 (3–393) days, while in severe aplastic anemia median 28 (3–327) days only. Grade II–IV acute graft versus host disease occurred in 22.6%, grade III–IV in 6.8% and chronic in 11.2%. All the patients treated with severe aplastic anemia are alive and in complete remission (100%). The overall estimated survival rate is 85.1% in myelodysplastic syndrome, while 75% in juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia. The median follow-up was 30.4 (1.1–62.5) months. There was a remarkable increase in overall survival comparing the data before (1992–2012) and after (2013) joining the international group, 70% vs. 100% (p = 0.133) in severe aplastic anemia and 31.3% vs. 85.1% (p = 0.000026) in myelodysplastic syndrome. Conclusion: Due to a change in the paradigm of the conditioning regimen in hypocellular refractory cytopenia of childhood, the overall survival rate has significantly increased. Orv Hetil. 2018; 159(42): 1710–1719

Aging and Comorbidities in Acute Pancreatitis I: A Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review Based on 194,702 Patients

Background: Acute pancreatitis (AP) is one of the most common cause of hospitalization among gastrointestinal diseases worldwide. Although most of the cases are mild, approximately 10-20% of patients develop a severe course of disease with higher mortality rate. Scoring systems consider age as a risk factor of mortality and severity (BISAP; >60 years, JPN >70 years, RANSON; >55 years, APACHE II >45 years). If there is a correlation between aging and the clinical features of AP, how does age influence mortality and severity? Aim: This study aimed to systematically review the effects of aging on AP. Methods: A comprehensive systematic literature search was conducted in the Embase, Cochrane, and Pubmed databases. A meta-analysis was performed using the preferred reporting items for systematic review and meta-analysis statement (PRISMA). A total of 1,100 articles were found. After removing duplicates and articles containing insufficient or irrelevant data, 33 publications involving 194,702 AP patients were analyzed. Seven age categories were determined and several mathematical models, including conventional mathematical methods (linear regression), meta-analyses (random effect model and heterogeneity tests), meta-regression, funnel plot and Egger's test for publication bias were performed. Quality assessment was conducted using the modified Newcastle-Ottawa scale. The meta-analysis was registered in the PROSPERO database (CRD42017079253). Results: Aging greatly influences the outcome of AR There was a low severe AP incidence in patients under 30 (1.6%); however, the incidence of severe AP showed a continuous, linear increase between 20 and 70 (0.193%/year) of up to 9.6%. The mortality rate was 0.9% in patients under 20 and demonstrated a continuous linear elevation until 59, however from this age the mortality rate started elevating with 9 times higher rate until the age of 70. The mortality rate between 20 and 59 grew 0.086%/year and 0.765%/year between 59 and 70. Overall, patients above 70 had a 19 times higher mortality rate than patients under 20. The mortality rate rising with age was confirmed by meta-regression (coefficient: 0.037 CI: 0.006-0.068, p = 0.022; adjusted r(2): 13.8%), and severity also (coefficient: 0.035 CI: 0.019-0.052, p < 0.001; adjusted r(2) : 31.6%). Conclusion: Our analysis shows a likelihood of severe pancreatitis, as well as, pancreatitis-associated mortality is more common with advanced age. Importantly, the rapid elevation of mortality above the age of 59 suggests the involvement of additional deteriorating factors such as co-morbidity in elderly

Aging and Comorbidities in Acute Pancreatitis I: A Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review Based on 194,702 Patients

Background: Acute pancreatitis (AP) is one of the most common cause of hospitalization among gastrointestinal diseases worldwide. Although most of the cases are mild, approximately 10–20% of patients develop a severe course of disease with higher mortality rate. Scoring systems consider age as a risk factor of mortality and severity (BISAP; &gt;60 years, JPN&gt;70 years, RANSON; &gt;55 years, APACHE II &gt;45 years). If there is a correlation between aging and the clinical features of AP, how does age influence mortality and severity?Aim: This study aimed to systematically review the effects of aging on AP.Methods: A comprehensive systematic literature search was conducted in the Embase, Cochrane, and Pubmed databases. A meta-analysis was performed using the preferred reporting items for systematic review and meta-analysis statement (PRISMA). A total of 1,100 articles were found. After removing duplicates and articles containing insufficient or irrelevant data, 33 publications involving 194,702 AP patients were analyzed. Seven age categories were determined and several mathematical models, including conventional mathematical methods (linear regression), meta-analyses (random effect model and heterogeneity tests), meta-regression, funnel plot and Egger's test for publication bias were performed. Quality assessment was conducted using the modified Newcastle–Ottawa scale. The meta-analysis was registered in the PROSPERO database (CRD42017079253).Results: Aging greatly influences the outcome of AP. There was a low severe AP incidence in patients under 30 (1.6%); however, the incidence of severe AP showed a continuous, linear increase between 20 and 70 (0.193%/year) of up to 9.6%. The mortality rate was 0.9% in patients under 20 and demonstrated a continuous linear elevation until 59, however from this age the mortality rate started elevating with 9 times higher rate until the age of 70. The mortality rate between 20 and 59 grew 0.086%/year and 0.765%/year between 59 and 70. Overall, patients above 70 had a 19 times higher mortality rate than patients under 20. The mortality rate rising with age was confirmed by meta-regression (coefficient: 0.037 CI: 0.006–0.068, p = 0.022; adjusted r2: 13.8%), and severity also (coefficient: 0.035 CI: 0.019–0.052, p &lt; 0.001; adjusted r2: 31.6%).Conclusion: Our analysis shows a likelihood of severe pancreatitis, as well as, pancreatitis-associated mortality is more common with advanced age. Importantly, the rapid elevation of mortality above the age of 59 suggests the involvement of additional deteriorating factors such as co-morbidity in elderly

Immunogenicity of a 2009 pandemic influenza virus A H1N1 vaccine, administered simultaneously with the seasonal influenza vaccine, in children receiving chemotherapy.

BACKGROUND: No examination of simultaneous vaccination against pandemic H1N1 and the seasonal influenza virus strains, in children with cancer receiving chemotherapy, are yet published. We investigated the immunogenicity of a whole-virion, inactivated, adjuvanted pandemic H1N1, and seasonal influenza vaccines administered simultaneously to children with cancer undergoing chemotherapy. PROCEDURE: We prospectively enrolled 27 pediatric patients receiving therapy for various types of cancer. All received influenza vaccination once in a seasonal risk period. We checked hemaglutination-inhibition (HAI) antibody titers in the sera of patients before, and 21-28 days after vaccination. Seroprotective titer was defined as an antibody titer >/=40, and seroresponse as >/=4-fold increase in antibody titers after vaccination. RESULTS: The pre- and post-vaccination seroprotective rates were H1N1: 33-48%, H3N2: 56-78%, B: 0-15% for seasonal influenza, and for pandemic H1N1: 15-37%. The seroresponse rates for seasonal influenza H1N1, H3N2, and B were 22%, 37%, and 22%, respectively, and 30% for the pandemic H1N1 vaccine. CONCLUSIONS: Whole-virion, inactivated, adjuvanted vaccine for the pandemic H1N1 Influenza A virus and the seasonal influenza vaccines were found safe and partially immunogenic in children with cancer receiving chemotherapy. The only determinants of responsiveness were lymphocyte count and serum immunoglobulin-G. Only influenza B vaccine elicited significant differences in differences in pre- and post-vaccination seroprotective rates. The response to vaccination for pandemic H1N1 is as effective as other vaccines, however administration of a single vaccine during chemotherapy is more comfortable for pediatric cancer patients. Pediatr Blood Cancer (c) 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc

Six Cases of Rare Gene Amplifications and Multiple Copy of Fusion Gene in Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia.

Cytogenetic aberrations are very important factors in risk assessment of childhood hematological malignancies. We report six childhood acute lymphoid leukemia (ALL) cases with rare cytogenetic aberrations: five with RUNX1, ABL1 or MLL proto- oncogene amplification and one case of multiple copies of ETV6/RUNX1 fusion genes. The simultaneous presence of two adverse genetic aberrations is of special interest: ETV6-RUNX1 fusion gene is associated with good prognosis and intrachromosomal amplification of the homologue RUNX1 gene is associated with poor prognosis. We also report a patient with MLL amplification, a unique finding in childhood T-ALL. Report of these subtle rearrangements contributes to our understanding of diagnostic and prognostic significance of these rare cytogenetic abnormalities