Ortaokul Sekizinci Sınıf Öğrencilerinin İstatistiksel Süreçteki Deneyimlerinin İncelenmesi

This study aims at making 8th grade students go through a statistical process and gain experience in this matter and revealing their behaviors, experiences, and difficulties at each stage of this process. Activities were designed in a way allowing the students to experience a statistical process. Then the students were made to get involved in these activities through group work. Data were collected via statistical process activities, the reflection papers of the students concerning the process, and the video-recordings of classroom discussions. The activities were prepared based on Ben-Zvi and Arcavi (2001) as well as expert opinions. The students posed questions that could be directly answered by the help of relevant texts rather than problems that could be solved through data analysis. The groups formed their tables and charts by focusing on just one feature or variable though the data in the activities involved features of more than one variable. As making an inference by interpreting data requires experience, it is recommended in this study that activities be prepared in a way allowing the use of skills of this sort.Bu çalışmada ilköğretim 8. sınıf öğrencilerine istatistiksel süreç tam anlamıyla yaşatılarak bu konuda deneyim kazanmaları, her bir aşamada sergiledikleri davranışları, yaşadıkları deneyimleri ve zorlukları ortaya koymak amaçlanmıştır. Öğrencilere istatistiksel süreci yaşatacak şekilde etkinlikler tasarlanarak grup çalışması yardımıyla uygulanmıştır. Veri toplama araçlarını istatistiksel sürece yönelik etkinlikler, sürece dair öğrencilerin yansıtıcı yazıları, sınıf tartışmalarına yönelik video kayıtları oluşturmaktadır. Etkinlikler, Ben-Zvi ve Arcavi (2001)’nin çalışmasından ve uzman görüşlerinden yararlanılarak hazırlanmıştır. Öğrenciler verilerin analiz edilmesiyle cevaplanabilecek problemler yerine daha çok etkinliklerde yer alan bağlamı yansıtan, metin yardımıyla doğrudan cevaplandırılabilen sorular oluşturmayı tercih etmişlerdir. Etkinliklerdeki veriler birden fazla değişkene ait özellikler içerse de grupların çizimlerinde sadece bir özelliğe veya değişkene odaklanarak tablo ve grafiklerini oluşturdukları görülmüştür. Öğrencilerin veriler üzerinden yorumlar yaparak çıkarımda bulunmalarının deneyim gerektirdiği düşünülerek etkinliklerin bu tür becerileri ortaya çıkaracak şekilde hazırlanması önerilmektedir

The frequency of Duchenne muscular dystrophy/Becker muscular dystrophy and Pompe disease in children with isolated transaminase elevation: results from the observational VICTORIA study

IntroductionElevated transaminases and/or creatine phosphokinase can indicate underlying muscle disease. Therefore, this study aims to determine the frequency of Duchenne muscular dystrophy/Becker muscular dystrophy (DMD/BMD) in male children and Pompe disease (PD) in male and female children with isolated hypertransaminasemia.MethodsThis multi-center, prospective study enrolled patients aged 3–216 months with serum alanine transaminase (ALT) and/or aspartate transaminase (AST) levels >2× the upper limit of normal (ULN) for ≥3 months. Patients with a known history of liver or muscle disease or physical examination findings suggestive of liver disease were excluded. Patients were screened for creatinine phosphokinase (CPK) levels, and molecular genetic tests for DMD/BMD in male patients and enzyme analysis for PD in male and female patients with elevated CPK levels were performed. Genetic analyses confirmed PD. Demographic, clinical, and laboratory characteristics of the patients were analyzed.ResultsOverall, 589 patients [66.8% male, mean age of 63.4 months (standard deviation: 60.5)] were included. In total, 251 patients (188 male and 63 female) had CPK levels above the ULN. Of the patients assessed, 47% (85/182) of male patients were diagnosed with DMD/BMD and 1% (3/228) of male and female patients were diagnosed with PD. The median ALT, AST, and CPK levels were statistically significantly higher, and the questioned neurological symptoms and previously unnoticed examination findings were more common in DMD/BMD patients than those without DMD/BMD or PD (p < 0.001).DiscussionQuestioning neurological symptoms, conducting a complete physical examination, and testing for CPK levels in patients with isolated hypertransaminasemia will prevent costly and time-consuming investigations for liver diseases and will lead to the diagnosis of occult neuromuscular diseases. Trial RegistrationClinicaltrials.gov NCT04120168

A Detailed Scientometric Analysis of Global Publication Trends in COVID-19 Related Hematology and Oncology Research

Aim: A comprehensive scientometric analysis produced in hematology and oncology on coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) research is lacking. This study presents a detailed analysis of COVID-19 related hematology and oncology literature

Availability of water glass/Bi2O3 composites in dielectric and gamma-ray screening applications

Sodium silicate (Na2Si3O7) also known as water glass is a very low cost material which is used in many industrial applications such as a builder in detergents, as a binder and adhesive etc. But so far the electrical properties of sodium silicate and its ability to screen radiation have never been investigated. In the present study, the frequency dependent electrical properties and gamma-ray shielding performance of water glass based bismuth oxide composites have been studied for the first time. In accordance with this purpose, Na2Si3O7/Bi2O3 glassy composites have been prepared for searching their possible applications in electronics and radiation screening. The surface morphology of the samples have been determined by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). The frequency dependent electrical properties such as complex impedance, complex dielectric function and conductivity have been analyzed at room temperature between 1 and 40 MHz. As a result of alternative current (ac) electrical analysis, it has been determined that the Na2Si3O7/Bi2O3 composites can be utilized as a dielectric layer in capacitors. On the other hand, since bismuth oxide is an anti-radiative material, the gamma-ray screening parameters such as mass attenuation coefficient, half layer and tenth layer values along with mean free path of the composites have been defined experimentally by using NaI(Tl) scintillation detector for the Ba-133 radiation source at 81 and 356 keV. The values of these parameters have also been checked by Monte–Carlo simulation. Since a good agreement has been assigned between experimental and Monte–Carlo simulation results, the related gamma ray shielding parameters have been determined by Monte–Carlo simulation for other gamma photon energies (140 keV, 208 keV, 468 keV, and 661 keV) which are generated from Tc-99, Lu-177, Ir-132, and Cs-137 sources. Ultimately, Na2Si3O7/Bi2O3(35%) composite has been suggested as an eco-friendly, lead-free glassy structured material for the gamma radiation shielding in medical applications.2015-01-01-KAP0