Utilization of ceramic waste in the production of Khorasan mortar

Khorasan mortar was used in almost all of the historical structures in the geographical area of turkey. It is still used in the renovation of these structures. Water, lime, baked clay is used in the production of Khorasan by breaking and grinding. Crushed brick and tiles are preferred as baked clay. In this study, the usability of ceramic wastes as baked clay was investigated. An important part of ceramic production is made especially in Eskişehir and its vicinity. 10% of ceramic production shows up as wastes because of various reasons. These wastes which are under 20 mm are crushed in the jaw breakers and these which are under 150 mm are grinned in grinders, transformed to powder and then mixed with hydrated lime and water in various proportions, in this way Khorasan mortars are obtained. In mortar production, crushed ceramic-ceramic powder ratio, ceramic-lime ratio were changed and the most suitable ratios were tried to be found. Samples taken from these mortars which are 4 cm x 4 cm x 16 cm in size are removed after a day from the mold and kept in humid environment. Physical and mechanical properties such as unit weight, ultrasonic pulse velocity, bending strength, compressive strength of the mortar were determined. As a result of the experiments, the unit weights range was between 1.5–1.65 kg/dm3, the ultrasonic pulse velocity rates range from 1.3–1.9 km/h, the range of bending strengths was from 0.25–1.05 MPa, and compressive strength has changed in the range of 7.5–10.5 MPa. With the work done, it is recommended to use a high percentage of lime while using ceramic wastes in the process of producing Khorasan mortar

Organik Patates Yetiştiriciliği Üzerinde Araştırmalar

Samsun-Ladik’de iki yıl (2005 ve 2006) süresince yürütülen bu çalışmada bitkisel materyal olarak organik üretim için önerilen Sante çeşidi kullanılmıştır. Çalışmada kontrol (gübresiz), ahır gübresi (1 ton/da), çeltik kavuzu (100 kg/da), ahır gübresi+çeltik kavuzu( 1 ton/da+100 kg/da), biofarm (250 kg/da) ve inorganik gübre (NPK, 15:5:20 kg/da) olmak üzere altı uygulama denenmiştir. Patates böceği ile mücadelede azadractin kullanılmış olup, etkili sonuç alınmıştır. Organik parsellerde 1.sınıf verim ve toplam verim NPK uygulamasına göre daha düşük olmuştur. Ortalama değerlere göre yumru iriliği ve bitki başına düşen ortalama yumru sayısı organik parsellerde NPK uygulamasına göre daha düşük bulunmuştur. Yumrunun kuru madde miktarı ve özgül ağırlık değerleri bakımından organik ve geleneksel yöntem arasında farklılık belirlenmemiştir. Buna karşın yumrunun kül ve protein miktarı bakımından uygulamalar arasında önemli farklılıklar belirlenmiştir. En fazla kül içeriği kontrolden (%6.08) elde edilmiş olup, diğer uygulamalar aynı grup içerisinde yer almıştır. Ortalama değerler dikkate alındığında en fazla protein içeriği NPK uygulamasından (%9.26), en düşük ise ahır gübresi uygulamasından (%7.25) elde edilmiştir

Costunolide prevents renal ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats by reducing autophagy, apoptosis, inflammation, and DNA damage

Objective(s): Renal ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) is a vital health condition leading to acute kidney injury. Costunolide (COST) is an actively used molecule clinically for its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and immunomodulatory properties. In the present study, we searched for the possible protective effects of COST against renal ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury in rats.Materials and Methods: We established a renal I/R rat model. We divided forty rats into four groups: group I (sham), group II (I/R), group III (I/R+COST 5 mg/kg), and group IV (I/R+COST 10 mg/kg). We collected blood, kidney, and lung samples for analysis. Results: COST administration performed anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory activity by reducing oxidant parameters and proinflammatory cytokine levels. COST alleviated DNA damage through declining 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) levels. In addition, COST diminished tubular damage and inflammation by reducing kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1) production. COST administration also ameliorated apoptosis and autophagy by decreasing caspase-3 and microtubule-associated protein light chain 3B (MAPLC3, LC3B) expression.Conclusion: COST demonstrated protective effects against renal I/R-induced injury

Needle sticks and injuries due to surgical instruments in health care providers

Objective: Health caregivers are facing various risks andhazards in their working environment. In this study theevaluation and examination of measures to be taken wasaimed among occupational injuries in our hospital in thelast three years.Methods: This study was performed as a retrospectiveinvestigation of 40 records of injury for health care providersthat detected by infection control committee of atertiary care university hospital between May 2010 andApril 2013.Results: Forty health care providers mean aged 28.5±7.8years submission were included. There were 21 male and19 female subjects. Most cases were the nurses (16/40).The majority of the injuries occurred in the surgical wards.Among the submissions, only 3 were working in the emergencyservice. The type of injuries were needle stick in 36cases and injuries due to surgical instruments in 2 casesand mucosal exposure in 2 cases. Following injury, 39cases confirmed that they cleaned the injured area. Inone case, the injured area was exsanguinated by squeezing.The cause of injury was known by 25 cases; however,15 cases did not know the causative material. In one casehepatitis B developed after injury. This case did not applyto the infection committee early stage but referred afterthe development of signs of active hepatitis.Conclusions: Health care providers should be educatedabout the risks of occupational body fluids and blood exposuresand after exposure to blood or blood productsthey should apply to the infection control committee withoutdelay.Key words: Hepatitis B, needle stick, health care provider

Halk Sağlığı Alanında İnfografik Kullanımı Üzerine Bir Eğitim Müdahalesi Çalışması

This research aims to determine the knowledge of residents in public health medicine on the use of the infographics and other visual tools used in the field of public health and whether an educational intervention is able to improve their competency in infographic design; while evaluating whether an infographic was more effective in communicating health information than text-based methods among people who present to a primary care center. The first study was carried out with 192 residents in public health medicine. 27 people chosen from volunteers, participated in the training intervention to increase competence in creating an infographic. The level of those who defined themselves as competent or highly competent in infographics increased from 11.1% to 77.7% (p <0.001) and 92.5% of the infographics were scored above the acceptable level. The second study was conducted on 160 women between 40-69 years of age who applied to Sincan Healthy Life Center. In order to increase their knowledge points, 79 people received an infographic and 81 received a text about the same subject. At the end of the intervention, knowledge score increased in both groups (p <0.001). The increase in knowledge score was higher in the infographically-treated group (p <0.001). While educational status did not effect the increase in test scores in the infographic group (p = 0.212), high school graduates had a higher increase in the test scores then primary school graduates in the text group (p = 0.038). As a result, it was found that the infographic was more effective than text-based information source on recall of health information. Public health professionals can use infographics for community education after proper training. However, more research on the effects of infographics on perception and behavior change should be conducted.Bu araştırmada sağlık eğitiminde kullanılan görsel araçlar ve bu araçlar arasında yer alan infografiklerin halk sağlığı alanında kullanımı konusunda tıpta halk sağlığı uzmanlık öğrencilerinin bilgilerinin saptanması, eğitim müdahalesi ile infografik kullanım yetkinliklerinin gelişip gelişmediğinin değerlendirilmesinin yanı sıra bir sağlık kurumuna başvuran kişiler arasında infografiklerin metin temelli eğitim içeriğine göre hatırlamaya etkisinin saptanması amaçlanmıştır. Birinci araştırma, Türkiye’de tıpta halk sağlığı alanında uzmanlık öğrencisi olarak görev yapmakta olan 192 kişi arasında sürdürülmüştür. İnfografik hazırlama konusunda yetkinliği artırmak adına yürütülen eğitim müdahalesine gönüllüler arasından belirlenen 27 kişi katılmıştır. Kendisini infografikler konusunda yetkin veya çok yetkin olarak tanımlayanların düzeyi %11,1’den, %77,7’e yükselmiş (p<0,001) ve hazırlanan infografiklerin %92,5’i kabul edilebilir seviyenin üzerinde puan aldığı görülmüştür. İkinci araştırma Sincan Sağlıklı Hayat Merkezi’ne başvuran 40-69 yaş arası 160 kadın arasında yürütülmüştür. Katılımcılardan 79 kişiye bilgi puanlarını artırmak amacıyla infografik, 81 kişiye de metin ile müdahale edilmiştir. Yapılan müdahale sonunda, iki grupta da bilgi puanı artmıştır (p<0,001). Bilgi puan artışı katılımcıların, infografik ile müdahale edilen grupta daha fazla olmuştur (p<0,001). Öğrenim durumunun bilgi puan artışına etkisine bakıldığında infografik grubunda değişikliğe sebep olmazken (p=0,212), metin grubunda lise mezunlarında, ilkokul mezunlarına göre daha yüksek artış saptanmıştır. Sonuç olarak, hazırlanan infografiğin bilginin hatırlanabilirliği üzerine etkisi ve metin temelli bilgi kaynağına göre daha etkili olduğu saptanmıştır. Halk sağlığı uzmanları eğitim alarak doğru kullanımı öğrendiklerinde infografikleri toplum eğitimleri için kullanabilirler. Bununla beraber infografiklerin algılama, davranış değişikliği üzerine etkilerini araştıran çalışmalar yapılmalıdır

Circular keratotomy combined with wedge resection in the management of high astigmatism after penetrating keratoplasty

WOS: 000457840400067PubMed ID: 29944506Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of circular keratotomy combined with wedge resection for the management of high astigmatism after penetrating keratoplasty (PK). Methods: The study included seven eyes of seven patients with previous PK who underwent circular keratotomy combined with wedge resection. The uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA) and best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), spherical equivalent (SE) refraction, and keratometric powers obtained by corneal topography were evaluated. The power vector method was used to analyze the astigmatic change postoperatively. Results: The mean follow-up period was 18.42 +/- 8.56 months (range 12-33 months). Uncorrected visual acuity, BCVA, and SE were improved in all eyes postoperatively. The mean preoperative astigmatism reduced from 15.11 +/- 5.48 D (range, 10.0-24.4 D) to 4.98 +/- 3.01 D (range, 2.2-9.6 D), postoperatively. According to the vector analysis, the overall mean surgically induced astigmatism at last visit was 12.87 +/- 6.20 D. The most common complication was the loosening of sutures occurred in five eyes within 2 months. Conclusions: Circular keratotomy combined with corneal wedge resection is a favorable option for the management of high astigmatism after PK

Diz osteoartriti tedavisine eklenen tramadol iyontoforezi

Objective: The objective of the present study was to investigate whether tramadol iontophoresis added to therapy is superior to the therapy methods alone (transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS), hot pack, ultrasound, and exercise therapy) in patients with knee OA. Materials and Methods: A total of 72 patients who admitted to the outpatient clinic of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation were included in this study. The diagnosis was based on the American College of Rheumatology (ACR) criteria for knee OA. The patients were randomly separated into two groups. Group 1 received physical therapy and Group 2 received tramadol iontophoresis in addition to the therapy for a period of two weeks. Patients were evaluated according to pain and functional capacity assessed using visual analogue scale (VAS) and Western Ontario McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) before therapy and following the 10th session, and at 1 and 3 months. Results: The mean age and duration of the knee pain were 58.53&plusmn;8.38, 5.00&plusmn;2.66 years in the control group and 58.15&plusmn;7.70, 4.71&plusmn;2.70 years in the tramadol iontophoresis group. There were no significant differences between groups in the mean age and duration of the knee pain, body mass index (BMI), VAS and WOMAC scores before therapy. Following the 10th session, and after 1 and 3 months, VAS and WOMAC scores were significantly decreased in both groups when compared with the baseline values (p&lt;0.001). VAS scores were significantly lower in the tramadol iontophoresis group compared to controls following the 10th session (p&lt;0.001). However, no significant difference was found between WOMAC scores of the tramadol iontophoresis and control groups (p&gt;0.05). Conclusion: We conclude that tramadol iontophoresis added to physical therapy may be useful for relieving pain of knee OA during the treatment period. (Turk J Rheumatol 2010; 25: 174-8)Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı diz OA hastalarında tedaviye eklenen tramadol iyontoforezinin tek başına uygulanan tedavi yöntemlerine (transkütanöz elektriksel sinir stimülasyonu, sıcak kompres, ultrason ve egzersiz tedavisi) üstün olup olmadığını incelemektir. Yöntem ve Gereçler: Çalışmaya Fizik Tedavi ve Rehabilitasyon polikliniğine başvuran 72 hasta dahil edildi. Hastaların tanısı, Amerikan Romatoloji Birliği (ACR) Diz OA kriterlerine göre konuldu. Hastalar rastgele iki gruba ayrıldı. İki haftalık süre boyunca Grup 1’deki hastalara fizik tedavi, Grup 2’deki hastalara ise tedaviye ek olarak tramadol iyontoforezi uygulandı. Hastalar tedaviden önce, 10. seansı takiben ve 1. ve 3. aylarda görsel ağrı skalası (GAS) ve Western Ontario ve McMaster Üniversiteleri Osteoartrit İndeksi (WOMAC) kullanılarak ağrı ve fonksiyonel kapasitelerine göre değerlendirildi. Bulgular: Yaş ortalaması ve ortalama ağrı süresi kontrol grubunda 58,53±8,38 ve 5,00±2,66 yıl, tramadol iyontoforez grubunda ise 58,15±7,70 ve 4,71±2,70 yıldı. Tedavi öncesinde gruplar arasında yaş ortalamaları, ortalama ağrı süresi, vücut kitle indeksi, VAS ve WOMAC skorları açısından anlamlı fark yoktu. 10. seansı takiben ve 1. ve 3. aydan sonra, başlangıç değerleriyle karşılaştırıldığında her iki grupta GAS ve WOMAC skorlarında anlamlı düşüş saptandı (p0.05). Sonuç: Fizik tedaviye eklenen tramadol iyontoforezin tedavi dönemi sırasında diz OA ağrısını rahatlatmada faydalı olabileceği sonucuna vardık

Diz osteoartriti tedavisine eklenen tramadol iyontoforezi

Objective: The objective of the present study was to investigate whether tramadol iontophoresis added to therapy is superior to the therapy methods alone (transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS), hot pack, ultrasound, and exercise therapy) in patients with knee OA. Materials and Methods: A total of 72 patients who admitted to the outpatient clinic of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation were included in this study. The diagnosis was based on the American College of Rheumatology (ACR) criteria for knee OA. The patients were randomly separated into two groups. Group 1 received physical therapy and Group 2 received tramadol iontophoresis in addition to the therapy for a period of two weeks. Patients were evaluated according to pain and functional capacity assessed using visual analogue scale (VAS) and Western Ontario McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) before therapy and following the 10th session, and at 1 and 3 months.Results: The mean age and duration of the knee pain were 58.53&plusmn;8.38, 5.00&plusmn;2.66 years in the control group and 58.15&plusmn;7.70, 4.71&plusmn;2.70 years in the tramadol iontophoresis group. There were no significant differences between groups in the mean age and duration of the knee pain, body mass index (BMI), VAS and WOMAC scores before therapy. Following the 10th session, and after 1 and 3 months, VAS and WOMAC scores were significantly decreased in both groups when compared with the baseline values (p&lt;0.001). VAS scores were significantly lower in the tramadol iontophoresis group compared to controls following the 10th session (p&lt;0.001). However, no significant difference was found between WOMAC scores of the tramadol iontophoresis and control groups (p&gt;0.05). Conclusion: We conclude that tramadol iontophoresis added to physical therapy may be useful for relieving pain of knee OA during the treatment periodAmaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı diz OA hastalarında tedaviye eklenen tramadol iyontoforezinin tek başına uygulanan tedavi yöntemlerine (transkütanöz elektriksel sinir stimülasyonu, sıcak kompres, ultrason ve egzersiz tedavisi) üstün olup olmadığını incelemektir.Yöntem ve Gereçler: Çalışmaya Fizik Tedavi ve Rehabilitasyon polikliniğine başvuran 72 hasta dahil edildi. Hastaların tanısı, Amerikan Romatoloji Birliği (ACR) Diz OA kriterlerine göre konuldu. Hastalar rastgele iki gruba ayrıldı. İki haftalık süre boyunca Grup 1'deki hastalara fizik tedavi, Grup 2'deki hastalara ise tedaviye ek olarak tramadol iyontoforezi uygulandı. Hastalar tedaviden önce, 10. seansı takiben ve 1. ve 3. aylarda görsel ağrı skalası (GAS) ve Western Ontario ve McMaster Üniversiteleri Osteoartrit İndeksi (WOMAC) kullanılarak ağrı ve fonksiyonel kapasitelerine göre değerlendirildi.Bulgular: Yaş ortalaması ve ortalama ağrı süresi kontrol grubunda 58,53±8,38 ve 5,00±2,66 yıl, tramadol iyontoforez grubunda ise 58,15±7,70 ve 4,71±2,70 yıldı. Tedavi öncesinde gruplar arasında yaş ortalamaları, ortalama ağrı süresi, vücut kitle indeksi, VAS ve WOMAC skorları açısından anlamlı fark yoktu. 10. seansı takiben ve 1. ve 3. aydan sonra, başlangıç değerleriyle karşılaştırıldığında her iki grupta GAS ve WOMAC skorlarında anlamlı düşüş saptandı (p0.05).Sonuç: Fizik tedaviye eklenen tramadol iyontoforezin tedavi dönemi sırasında diz OA ağrısını rahatlatmada faydalı olabileceği sonucuna vardı