Prevalence and accompanying factors for postpartum depression symptoms

Introduction: Postpartum depression [PPD] is a disorder that starts during pregnancy or within the first four weeks postpartum with comorbid major depressive symptoms and is an important cause of morbidity and mortality for both the mother, and the baby. Depression surveys aimed to identify the at-risk population, during pregnancy and postpartum, may prove to be useful in preventing this disorder, which may have serious consequences. The present study aimed to determine the incidence of PPD symptoms in mothers with babies aged 1-18 months and to investigate the parameters affecting the occurrence of PPD.Methods: The study was designed as a descriptive, cross-sectional study including 302 mothers with 1-18-month-old babies registered at Firat 12 Family Health Center (FHC) in Buca, Izmir, between 1 November 2020 and 28 February 2021 The study investigated the sociodemographic characteristics of the cases, marital relations, reproductive health, recent birth history, and development of depression as detected using the Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale (EPDS).Results: The mean age of the 302 participants included in the study was 29.49± 5.18 years, where the mean score from the EPDS scale was 6.43± 6.06. As a result of the study, the risk of occurrence of PPD was 14.6%. In the present research, the factors associated with increased risk of PPD included a history of personal and familial psychiatric disorders, poor communication with the partner, partner’s irregular employment status, psychiatric disorders during the previous birth, lack of regular monitoring during pregnancy, and lack of a helper in baby care (p lt;0.050).Conclusion: In particular, the practices that may reduce the risk of PPD include regular follow-up of the pregnancies of the women with a personal or familial history of psychiatric disorders or with psychiatric problems during their previous birth, questioning their family relationships during this process, referring them to a psychologist, psychiatrist or family counselor if necessary, and offering postpartum family support to mothers in baby care.Keywords: Postpartum period, prevalence, depression, risk factor

Mastoid Emissary Vein Canal Incidence and Its Relationship with Jugular Bulb and Sigmoid Sulcus Anatomical Variations

Objective:We aimed to investigate the mastoid emissary vein (MEV) canal incidence and to identify its relationship with jugular bulb (JB) and sigmoid sulcus anatomical variations.Methods:We retrospectively reviewed 1,300 patients with temporal bone computed tomography (CT) scans in January 2016 to March 2020. The presence and the diameter of the MEV canal, and the anatomical variations of the sigmoid sulcus and the JB were reviewed by two radiologists. High riding JB, JB diverticulum, dehiscent JB, and anterior and lateral protrusion of the sigmoid sulcus were evaluated. All variables were summarized using descriptive statistics. The differences between the groups for categorical data were investigated using the chi-square test. Numeric variables were compared with the Mann-Whitney and the Kruskal-Wallis tests. Logistic regression models were constructed.Results:The study included 1,269 patients of whom 694 were female (54.7%) and 575 were male (45.3%). Their mean age was 39.01±18.47. Among them 915 (72.1%) had the right and 871 (68.6%) had the left MEV canal. Men were more likely to have the MEV canal on both sides. The presence of the right and left MEV canals was associated with the ipsilateral dominant JB/sigmoid sulcus. The left MEV canal was associated with the left high riding JB and right dehiscent JB.Conclusion:This is the largest patient population reported in the literature and allows a more precise estimate of the MEV canal incidence. We also classified the diameter of the MEV canal to identify clinically relevant, prominent MEV incidence. This is also the first study to demonstrate a relationship between the presence of the MEV canal, and the JB and sigmoid canal variations. Since both the prominent MEV and the JB variations may be symptomatic, knowing this association between them may have clinical relevance

Evaluation of video head impulse test findings in cases with motion sickness

In order to clarify the role of the canal otolit conflict in motion sickness (MS), the labyrinth functions of 20 patients with anamnesis of MS, and 20 healthy volunteers were evaluated by video head impulse test (VHIT). The gain values of LAT.right, LAT.left, LAT asymetry, RA, LP, RALP asymetry, LA, RP and LARP asymetry were recorded. In addition, the symptoms of the patients in study group were recoded in the MS patient evaluaton form, and the severity of the symptoms were also recorded. There was no statistically significant difference for VHIT gain values of the patients between control and study groups. In addition, there was no correlation between symptom scores and VHIT gain values. Theory of canal otolit conflict in MS pathophysiology could not be supported with findings of the present study. Keywords: Vertigo; Motion Sickness; Vestibular evaluation; Video Head Impulse TestTT'da patofizyolojide kanal otolit uyumsuzluğunun oynadığı rolü test etmek için TT anamnezi olan 20 hasta ile herhangi bir sağlık problem olmayan 20 gönüllünün labirent fonksiyonları VHIT ile değerlendirilmiştir. Her bir hasta için elde edilen LAT.sağ, LAT.sol, LAT asimetri, RA, LP, RALP asimetri, LA, RP ve LARP asimetri kazanç değerleri kaydedildi. Ayrıca çalışma grubundaki hastaların semptomları TT hasta değerlendirme formuna işlenip semptom şiddetleri kayıt edilmiştir. İstatistiksel olarak çalışma ve kontrol grubu hastaların VHIT değerlendirmelerinde kazanç açısından bir fark izlenmedi. Ayrıca semptomların şiddeti ile de VHIT değerleri arasında bir ilişki bulunamadı. TT'daki patofizyolojide kanal - otolit uyumsuzluğu teorisinin geçerli olduğunu desteklememektedir

EXAMINATION THE MISSPELLING OF FOURTH GRADERS OF ELEMENTARY SCHOOL WITH MENTAL DISABILITY AT LOW LEVEL

Bu araştırmanın amacı hafif düzeyde zihinsel yetersizliği olan dördüncü sınıf öğrencilerinin yazma hatalarının incelenmesidir. Araştırma nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden doküman incelemesi yöntemiyle gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırmanın çalışma grubunu Yozgat Merkez Çalatlı Kasabası ve Sorgundaki hafif düzeyli zihinsel yetersizliği olan on ilkokul dördüncü sınıf öğrencisi oluşturmaktadır. Veri toplama aracı olarak ilkokul dördüncü sınıf Türkçe ders kitabında yer alan bir metin kullanılmıştır. Metinde yer alan bir paragraf öğrencilere dikte ettirilmiştir. İkinci aşamada öğrencilerin metne bakarak yazmaları sağlanmıştır. Ulaşılan veriler içerik analizine tabi tutulmuştur. Elde edilen bulgulara dayalı veriler kategorize edilerek çizelgelerde belirtilmiştir. Araştırma sonuçlarına göre şu temalara ulaşılmıştır. Büyük ve küçük harflerin beraber kullanılması, harf eksikliği, harflerin noktalarında eksiklik, harfler arası uygun olmayan boşluk, noktalama işaretlerinde eksiklik, imlâ yanlışı. Araştırma sonuçları kapsamında önerilerde bulunulmuştur