Escola de obstetrícia da Universidade de São Paulo: a história contada no livro de atas (1912-1970)

Throughout the 20th Century, Obstetrics education has undergone innumerous changes which have accompanied changes in the maternal and newborn health care model and conceptions concerning professional nursing education and practice. This qualitative and documentary study aimed to describe and analyze the minutes of the meetings of the São Paulo Obstetrics School. The School was founded in 1912 and was adjacent to the University of São Paulo Medical School until 1970, when it was incorporated into the School of Nursing. The minutes have recorded aspects of the School’s operation such as student selection and performance, examinations, teaching programs, curriculum changes, faculty, school calendar, revalidation of foreign diplomas, financial turnover, and other disciplinary, administrative, and legal matters concerning the course. One can infer that the original purpose of creating the School was “in tune” with the broader project of the medical and social elite of the time

Retinofugal Projections Into Visual Brain Structures in the Bat Artibeus planirostris: A CTb Study

A well-developed visual system can provide significant sensory information to guide motor behavior, especially in fruit-eating bats, which usually use echolocation to navigate at high speed through cluttered environments during foraging. Relatively few studies have been performed to elucidate the organization of the visual system in bats. The present work provides an extensive morphological description of the retinal projections in the subcortical visual nuclei in the flat-faced fruit-eating bat (Artibeus planirostris) using anterograde transport of the eye-injected cholera toxin B subunit (CTb), followed by morphometrical and stereological analyses. Regarding the cytoarchitecture, the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus (dLGN) was homogeneous, with no evident lamination. However, the retinal projection contained two layers that had significantly different marking intensities and a massive contralateral input. The superior colliculus (SC) was identified as a laminar structure composed of seven layers, and the retinal input was only observed on the contralateral side, targeting two most superficial layers. The medial pretectal nucleus (MPT), olivary pretectal nucleus (OPT), anterior pretectal nucleus (APT), posterior pretectal nucleus (PPT) and nucleus of the optic tract (NOT) were comprised the pretectal nuclear complex (PNT). Only the APT lacked a retinal input, which was predominantly contralateral in all other nuclei. Our results showed the morphometrical and stereological features of a bat species for the first time

Effect of hyperbaric oxygen therapy on the intestinal ischemia reperfusion injury Efeito da oxigenoterapia hiperbárica na lesão por isquemia reperfusão intestinal

PURPOSE: Adequate tissue oxygenation is essential for healing. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) has potential clinical applications to treat ischemic pathologies, however the exact nature of any protective effects are unclear at present. We therefore investigated the potential role of HBOT in modulating the ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury response in intestinal model of I/R injury. METHODS: Male Wistar rats were subjected to surgery for the induction of intestinal ischemia followed by reperfusion. HBOT was provided before and/or after intestinal ischemia. Cell viability in the intestinal tissue was assessed using the MTT assay and by measuring serum malondealdehyde (MDA). Microvascular density and apoptosis were evaluated by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: The results indicate that HBOT treatment pre- and post-ischemia reduces lesion size to the intestinal tissue. This treatment increases cell viability and reduces the activation of caspase-3, which is associated with increased number of tissue CD34 cells and enhanced VEGF expression. CONCLUSION: The hyperbaric oxygen therapy can limit tissue damage due to ischemia/reperfusion injury, by inducing reparative signaling pathways.<br>OBJETIVO: Oxigenação tissular adequada é essencial para cicatrização. Oxigenoterapia hiperbárica (HBOT) tem aplicação clínica para tratar lesões isquêmicas, entretanto a natureza exata dos mecanismos envolvidos permanece incerta. Procuramos investigar o papel potencial da HBOT na modulação da resposta a uma lesão por isquemia reperfusão (I/R) intestinal em modelo de lesão de I/R. MÉTODOS: Ratos machos Wistar foram submetidos à cirurgia para a indução da isquemia intestinal seguida de reperfusão. HBOT foi fornecido antes e / ou após a isquemia intestinal. A viabilidade das células no tecido intestinal foi avaliada através do ensaio de MTT e pela medição malondealdeido (MDA) no plasma. Densidade microvascular e apoptose foram avaliados por imuno-histoquímica. RESULTADOS: Os resultados indicam que o tratamento HBOT pré e pós-isquemia reduz o tamanho da lesão ao tecido intestinal. Este tratamento aumenta a viabilidade celular e reduz a ativação da caspase-3, que está associada com aumento do número de células CD 34 no tecido e da expressão da VEGF. CONCLUSÃO: A oxigenoterapia hiperbárica pode limitar os danos do tecido devido à lesão por isquemia/reperfusão, induzindo às vias de sinalização reparadora

Purple urine bag syndrome: case report for Streptoccocus agalactiae and literature review

Abstract We report a case of purple urine bag syndrome, associated to Streptococcus agalactiae urinary tract infection, progressing to septic shock and death. We present a review of the literature on the subject and take the opportunity to attend readers about increasing incidence with population aging and its potential bad outcome