A Systematic Classification of the Congenital Bronchopulmonary Vascular Malformations: Dysmorphogeneses of the Primitive Foregut System and the Primitive Aortic Arch System

Purpose: We reviewed the cases of 33 patients from our clinic and 142 patients from the literature with congenital bronchopulmonary vascular malformations (BPVM), systematically analyzed the bronchopulmonary airways , pulmonary arterial supplies, and pulmonary venous drainages, and classified these patients by pulmonary malinosculation( PM). Materials and Methods: From January 1990 to January 2007, a total of 33 patients (17 men or boys and 16 women or girls), aged I day to 24 years (median, 2.5 months), with congenital BPVM were included in this study. Profiles of clinical manifestations, chest radiographs, echocardiographs , esophagographs, computer tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) , magnetic resonance angiography (MRA ), cardiac catheterizations with angiography, contrast bronchographs, bronchoscopies, chromosomal studies, surgeries, and autopsies of these patients were analyzed to confirm the diagnosis of congenital BPVM. A total of 142 cases from the literature were also reviewed and classified similarly. Results: The malformations of our 33 patients can be classified as type A isolated bronchial PM in 13 patients, type B isolated arterial PM in three, type C isolated venous PM in two, type D mixed bronchoarterial PM in five, type F mixed arteriovenous PM in one, and type G mixed bronchoarteriovenous PM in nine. Conclusion: Dysmorphogeneses of the primitive foregut system and the primitive aortic arch system may lead to haphazard malinosculations of the airways, arteries, and veins of the lung. A systematic classification of patients with congenital BPVM is clinically feasible by assessing the three basic bronchovascular systems of the lung independently

Twentieth Century Agricultural Science (Symposium)

Contents: Introduction (Alan E. Fusonie, Donna Jean Fusonie) -- Welcome (Richard A. Farley) -- Impact of Information on Agricultural Research (Orville G. Bentley) -- Beltsville Agricultural Research Center Today: Progress and Commitment (Paul A. Putnam) -- USDA Scientists: Selected Profiles, Challenges, and Achievements (Wayne D. Rasmussen) -- Underinvestment in Agricultural Research and Man-Made Famines: China as the Case Study (William A. Dando) -- Public Support for Agricultural Science: Evolution and Trends (James H. Shideler) -- Economic Benefits from Research (Robert E. Evenson) -- Meeting U. S. Agriculture’s Needs for Scientific Specificity and Comprehensiveness: Role of State Agricultural Experiment Stations and Land-Grant Universities (Keith A. Huston) -- The Centennial of the Experimental Farm Services, 1886 – 1986 (J. W. Morrison) -- Hidden Obstacles to Creativity in Agricultural Science (Stanislaus J. Dundon) -- Agricultural Journalism and the Diffusion of Scientific Knowledge in Twentieth Century America (John T. Schlebecker) -- The Role of Radio and Television in Communicating Agricultural Scientific Knowledge (Layne R. Beaty) -- Science and Society (Robert L. Clodius) -- Soil Conservation Research and Use of Research Information by the Soil Conservation Service (Ralph J. McCracken) -- The National Forests and the Campaign for Wilderness Legislation (Dennis Roth) -- The XIT Ranch: A British Agricultural Experiment Station on the Northern High Plains of Texas (William M. Holmes) -- The Utility of Plant Exploration (Jack R. Harlan) -- Plant Germplasm Resources (Quentin Jones) -- Comments (Thomas D. Isern) -- Data Banks: Future Directions and Perspectives; A Research View (Martin H. Rogoff) -- Agricultural Computing and Libraries (Stephen M. Welch) -- Future of Computers in American Agriculture and the Relationship to Libraries (Robert C. Kramer) -- Stalking the Specter of Hunger (John S. McKelvey, Jr.)

Heritage of American Agriculture: A Bibliography of Pre-1860 Imprints

Excerpts: During the more than 100 years that the National Agricultural Library has been in existence, it has acquired a notable collection of historical, agricultural, scientific, and economic books published during the 16th, 17th, 18th, and 19th centuries. In 1967, Mortimer L. Naftalin, as part of the Library's continuing efforts to inform the users of its holdings, compiled a bibliography of agricultural imprints published in Europe prior to 1800 and in the United States prior to 1830 (i.e., Historic Books and Manuscripts Concerning General Agriculture in the Collection in the National Agricultural Library, Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of Agriculture Library List No. 86, 94 pp.). The Library, in recognition of the efforts of the American farmer in the Colonies as well as the farmers who succeeded them during the first half of the nineteenth century, has prepared this historical bibliography for use by scholars, students, and other interested individuals. This bibliography is a selective compilation of monographs, periodicals and the works of agricultural societies published prior to 1860. The purpose of this bibliography is to provide a list of printed source materials which to varying degrees contain useful information concerning various aspects of pre-Civil War developments in agriculture and its related fields within the United States

Plants and people in American agriculture /

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Forestry and agriculture /

new ser.:v.3:no.3/

Energy and Agriculture

Excerpts from the Introduction: Today, the average citizen in the United States uses over two hundred times as much energy as his ancestors. Man has explored, excavated, and exhausted many resources of the earth and currently is dependent upon a dwindling foreign oil supply. Reliance on this form of energy cannot continue for the beginning of the end of the fossil-fuel age is at hand. In particular, our system of food production faces very serious problems for our farms are dependent upon an extensive use of fossil fuels to power the machines used for planting, spraying, fertilizing, and harvesting of crops. T.S. Eliot once said that "Mankind cannot bear very much reality" yet it is abundantly clear that the future of the United States may well depend upon how well we effectively develop new attitudes and life-styles inclusive of alternative sources of energy such as solar, wind, and ocean power as well as other energy sources not yet discovered. This double issue brings together five papers, news, legislation, and other items relating to the problems of energy in agriculture as well as a general acquisition section

Agriculture and American Indians

Excerpts from the Introduction: Several centuries before the arrival of Columbus in the New World, the first Americans—Maya, Aztec, Chibcha, Inca—were involved in the development of a food supply. Today among the world's total food supply, about half the crops grown were first domesticated by American Indians before the time of Columbus. Indians also acquainted the white man with more than 80 domesticated plants including avocados, cacao, peanuts, peppers, pineapples, sweet or Irish potatoes, pumpkins or squashes, maple sugar, and tomatoes. “Few persons today recognize or are appreciative of the vast contributions made to the contemporary life by the American Indian. All aspects of Indian existence—agriculture, government, religion, trade, mythology, economics and arts and crafts—influenced white men at one time or another and helped to shape the destiny of each of the countries of the Western Hemisphere.” [Excerpt from: The Indian Heritage of America by Alvin M. Josephy, Jr.]. This special double issue of the Associates NAL Today brings together seven papers, selected bibliography, reviews, news, and legislation relating to the involvement of the American Indian in agriculture and will hopefully provide useful information and stimulation for further research