<原著論文>南半球強豪3 カ国のブレイクダウンにおける防御プレーの分析 : ニュージーランドの特徴に着目して

The purpose of this study was to clarify defense play in breakdown in world top-level rugby and features of New Zealand by comparing the three countries. In order to fulfill this purpose we analyzed 12 matches of The Rugby Championship in 2016 and 2017. In these games, New Zealand, Australia and South Africa played against each other. Subjects of this study were 1772 of rucks with continued to possess the ball. We analyzed the number of defensive players involved in breakdown and “ball out ruck”, the time required to get the ball-out from rucks, and the actions of the tacklers and arriving players. Also we used Fisher’s exact test to verify significant difference in the ratios. The significance level was set at 5％ (two -sided test). The main results are as follows: 1) At the world top-level rugby, the following results were obtained. The number of player of “ball out ruck” was decreasing, 15％ was nobody, 53％ was one. 38％ was one tackler and 53％ were two. 63％ was nobody of arriving players. 2) In New Zealand, the ratio of the small number of “ball out ruck” was high. Also, the “reload” rate was high, especially “reload” rate at “non-contest” was high. And “reload” rate was high with “ball-out time” less than 2.5 seconds

Surgical Management of Myringosclerosis over an Entire Perforated Tympanic Membrane by Simple Underlay Myringoplasty

The aim of our study is to demonstrate the surgical management of myringosclerosis over a perforated whole tympanic membrane using simple underlay myringoplasty. Simple underlay myringoplasty with fibrin glue was performed in 11 ears with myringosclerosis over the entire tympanic membrane. The patients were one male and ten females and their mean age was 61.8 years (range, 40–73 yr). Surgical success was defined as an intact tympanic membrane 12 months after surgery. Closure of the perforation was successful in 10 (91%) of the 11 patients. Failure of the graft occurred in one patient who then underwent a revision procedure using her stored fascia in the outpatient clinic with a successful outcome. The overall success rate was 100%. Although this study included a small number of cases, removal of myringosclerosis at the edge of a perforation is a beneficial technique for simple underlay myringoplasty in terms of the success rate and postoperative hearing threshold, especially when myringosclerosis extends over the entire tympanic membrane

Clinical Study Surgical Management of Myringosclerosis over an Entire Perforated Tympanic Membrane by Simple Underlay Myringoplasty

The aim of our study is to demonstrate the surgical management of myringosclerosis over a perforated whole tympanic membrane using simple underlay myringoplasty. Simple underlay myringoplasty with fibrin glue was performed in 11 ears with myringosclerosis over the entire tympanic membrane. The patients were one male and ten females and their mean age was 61.8 years (range, 40-73 yr). Surgical success was defined as an intact tympanic membrane 12 months after surgery. Closure of the perforation was successful in 10 (91%) of the 11 patients. Failure of the graft occurred in one patient who then underwent a revision procedure using her stored fascia in the outpatient clinic with a successful outcome. The overall success rate was 100%. Although this study included a small number of cases, removal of myringosclerosis at the edge of a perforation is a beneficial technique for simple underlay myringoplasty in terms of the success rate and postoperative hearing threshold, especially when myringosclerosis extends over the entire tympanic membrane

Low-Grade Clear Cell Carcinoma with Myoepithelial Features in the Submandibular Gland

Clear cell carcinoma is rarely found in the salivary gland. It is classified as a low-grade carcinoma. This case demonstrates a low-grade clear cell carcinoma with myoepithelial features in the submandibular gland which differs from hyalinizing clear cell carcinoma and epithelial-myoepithelial carcinoma. A 32-year-old man presented with a 7 month history of left submandibular swelling. Left submandibular gland excision and left-sided supra-omohyoid neck dissection were performed. Microscopically, the tumor was circumscribed and composed predominantly of cords and nests of clear ovoid cells, set in a densely hyalinizing stroma. These cells are diffusely immunoreactive for cytokeratin AE1/AE3 and focally reactive for vimentin and smooth muscle actin (SMA). Based on these findings, the tumor was diagnosed as “a low-grade clear cell carcinoma with myoepithelial features”. The post-operative course was uneventful and the patient is free from disease 21 month after surgery