The Influence Factors Analysis of Abrasiveness Based on the Grey Theory

Aimed at the phenomenon of many factors affecting rock abrasiveness, classification is not clear, and the influences of each factor on abrasiveness have different increase or decrease, different weights, and the influence mechanism are also different, in addition there may be a mutual influence between various factors, this paper takes into account the mutual influence between various factors and the weight of influence on abrasiveness, found out the main influence of abrasiveness by correlation analysis and grey correlation degree, so that guide the field better work by the main influence. Key words: Rock abrasiveness; Main influence; Correlation analysis; Grey correlation degre

Multiple Factors Drive Variation of Forest Root Biomass in Southwestern China

The roots linking the above-ground organs and soil are key components for estimating net primary productivity and carbon sequestration of forests. The patterns and drivers of root biomass in forest have not been examined well at the regional scale, especially for the widely distributed forest ecosystems in southwestern China. We attempted to determine the spatial patterns of root biomass (RB, Mg/ha), annual increment root biomass (AIRB, Mg/ha/year), ratio of root and above-ground (RRA), and the relative contributions of abiotic and biotic factors that drive the variation of root biomass. Forest biomass and multiple factors (climate, soil, forest types, and stand characteristics) of 318 plots in this region (790,000 km2) were analyzed in this research. The AB (the mean values for forest aboveground biomass per ha, Mg/ha), RB, AIRB, and RRA were 126 Mg/ha, 28 Mg/ha, 0.69 Mg/ha and 0.22, respectively. AB, RB, AIRB, and RRA varied across all the plots and forest types. Both RB and AIRB showed significant spatial patterns of distribution, while RRA did not show any spatial patterns of distribution. Up to 28.4% of variation in total of RB, AIRB, and RRA can be attributed to the climate, soil, and stand characteristics. The explained or contribution rates of climate, soil, and stand characteristics for variation of whole forest root biomass were 6.7%, 16.9%, and 10.9%, respectively. Path analysis in structural equation model (SEM) indicated the direct influence of stand age on RB. AIRB was greater than that of the other factors. Climate, soil and stand characteristics in different forest types could explain 9.7%–96.1%, 15.4%–96.4%, and 36.7%–99.4% of variations in RB, AIRB, and RRA, respectively, which suggests that the multiple factors may be important in explaining the variations in forest root biomass. The results of the analysis of root biomass per ha, annual increment of root biomass per ha, and ratio of root and above-ground in the seven forest types categorized by climate, soil, and stand characteristics may be used for accurately determining C sequestration by the forest root and estimating forest biomass in this region

Cascade degradation and upcycling of polystyrene waste to high-value chemicals

Plastic waste represents one of the most urgent environmental challenges facing humankind. Upcycling has been proposed to solve the low profitability and high market sensitivity of known recycling methods. Existing upcycling methods operate under energy-intense conditions and use precious-metal catalysts, but produce low-value oligomers, monomers, and common aromatics. Herein, we report a tandem degradation-upcycling strategy to exploit high-value chemicals from polystyrene (PS) waste with high selectivity. We first degrade PS waste to aromatics using ultraviolet (UV) light and then valorize the intermediate to diphenylmethane. Low-cost AlCl3 catalyzes both the reactions of degradation and upcycling at ambient temperatures under atmospheric pressure. The degraded intermediates can advantageously serve as solvents for processing the solid plastic wastes, forming a self-sustainable circuitry. The low-value-input and high-value-output approach is thus substantially more sustainable and economically viable than conventional thermal processes, which operate at high-temperature, high-pressure conditions and use precious-metal catalysts, but produce low-value oligomers, monomers, and common aromatics. The cascade strategy is resilient to impurities from plastic waste streams and is generalizable to other high-value chemicals (e.g., benzophenone, 1,2-diphenylethane, and 4-phenyl-4-oxo butyric acid). The upcycling to diphenylmethane was tested at 1-kg laboratory scale and attested by industrial-scale techno-economic analysis, demonstrating sustainability and economic viability without government subsidies or tax credits

Multiomics profiling reveals that P. gingivalis-induced extracellular vesicle reprogramming promotes immune evasion in colorectal cancer through autophagy-mediated STING degradation

ObjectivePorphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis) infection is a recognized pathogenic factor in colorectal cancer (CRC), and extracellular vesicles (EVs) are key mediators within the tumor microenvironment. However, the molecular composition of large extracellular vesicles (lEVs) derived from P. gingivalis-infected cancer cells remains poorly characterized. This study aimed to comprehensively define the molecular cargo alterations in lEVs secreted by CRC cells in response to P. gingivalis infection.MethodsAn integrated multiomics approach was employed to analyze lEVs secreted by P. gingivalis-infected HCT116 colorectal cancer cells. miRNA sequencing and quantitative proteomics were used to profile miRNA and protein expression, respectively. Bioinformatic analyses identified differentially expressed molecules. Mechanistic studies involving immunoblotting and autophagy inhibition were conducted to validate and explore key findings.ResultsP. gingivalis infection induced significant cargo remodeling in HCT116-derived lEVs. miRNA sequencing identified 223 miRNAs, among which 28 were differentially expressed. Notably, six novel miRNAs were specifically upregulated in lEVs from infected cells. Quantitative proteomics revealed 1,210 significantly altered proteins. Strikingly, 981 proteins were downregulated, including the critical antitumor immune regulator STING (stimulator of interferon genes). STING downregulation in infected HCT116 cells was confirmed, and P. gingivalis infection was shown to promote STING degradation via autophagy, explaining its reduced incorporation into lEVs.ConclusionThis integrated multiomics analysis demonstrates that P. gingivalis infection profoundly remodels the molecular landscape of CRC cell-derived lEVs. The specific depletion of immune-stimulating factors, most notably STING, within lEVs suggests a novel mechanism by which this pathobiont may contribute to immune evasion and promote tumor progression in P. gingivalis-associated colorectal cancer

Study on Borehole Wall Real-time Stability of Coal Seam With Coal Cleat When Underbalanced Drilling

Coal seam as the gas productive reservoir and gas-bearing reservoir, it is different from the conventional sandstone reservoir. On the one hand, coal cleat is well-developed in coal seam reservoir. Its characteristics are low porosity, small permeability, large specific surface area, low mechanical strength, strong heterogeneity, low reservoir pressure and so forth. These characteristics determine that drilling has more influence on coal seam reservoir than on conventional sandstone reservoir. In the process of drilling, therefore, in order to reduce or avoid the pollution to coal seam, usually adopt underbalanced drilling way to keep negative differential pressure and to reduce the damage of fluid in borehole flowing into the reservoir. At the same time, when underbalanced drilling, formation fluid flows into the borehole, leading to the formation pressure near the borehole to change. On the other hand, due to coal seam with low mechanical strength, great brittleness, and well-developed coal cleat, in the process of drilling especially underbalanced drilling, borehole wall is prone to collapse. Coal cleat exists in the coal seam and affects its mechanical property. When studying coal seam borehole wall stability, coal cleat must be considered. Considering time effect, the paper established the borehole wall stability model of coal seam with coal cleat when underbalanced drilling, obtained the collapse pressure distribution, and analyzed influence factors of coal seam borehole wall stability, providing theoretical guidance to prevent borehole wall instability.Key words: Coal seam; Underbalanced drilling; Negative differential pressure; Borehole wall stability; Coal clea

Dysregulation of circulating T follicular helper cell subsets and their potential role in the pathogenesis of syphilis

IntroductionThe role of the host immune response could be critical in the development of Treponema pallidum (Tp) infection in individuals with latent syphilis. This study aims to investigate the alterations in T follicular helper T (Tfh) cell balance among patients with secondary syphilis and latent syphilis.Methods30 healthy controls (HCs), 24 secondary syphilis patients and 41 latent syphilis patients were enrolled. The percentages of total Tfh, ICOS+ Tfh, PD-1+ Tfh, resting Tfh, effector Tfh, naïve Tfh, effector memory Tfh, central memory Tfh,Tfh1, Tfh2, and Tfh17 cells in the peripheral blood were all determined by flow cytometry.ResultsThe percentage of total Tfh cells was significantly higher in secondary syphilis patients compared to HCs across various subsets, including ICOS+ Tfh, PD-1+ Tfh, resting Tfh, effector Tfh, naïve Tfh, effector memory Tfh, central memory Tfh, Tfh1, Tfh2, and Tfh17 cells. However, only the percentages of ICOS+ Tfh and effector memory Tfh cells showed significant increases in secondary syphilis patients and decreases in latent syphilis patients. Furthermore, the PD-1+ Tfh cells, central memory Tfh cells, and Tfh2 cells showed significant increases in latent syphilis patients, whereas naïve Tfh cells and Tfh1 cells exhibited significant decreases in secondary syphilis patients when compared to the HCs. However, no significant change was found in resting Tfh and effector Tfh in HCs and secondary syphilis patients or latent syphilis patients.DiscussionDysregulated ICOS+ Tfh or effector memory Tfh cells may play an important role in immune evasion in latent syphilis patients