Does the Ghost of \u3ci\u3eLochner\u3c/i\u3e Haunt \u3ci\u3eMission Springs\u3c/i\u3e? Ruminations on § 1983 Due Process Claims in Light of \u3ci\u3eMission Springs, Inc. v. City of Spokane\u3c/i\u3e

The last time the Washington Supreme Court applied substantive due process in a land use case was in Mission Springs, Inc. v. City of Spokane in 1998. Since then, the Washington Law Review has published four commentaries that address substantive due process in Washington land use, all of which characterize Washington\u27s substantive due process law as producing undesirable results. However, none of the available commentary takes into consideration that there are two types of substantive due process cases in Washington land use. In one type, courts strike down local ordinances, while in the other they enforce the lawful application of ordinances by executive decisionmakers. This Comment argues that the Washington Supreme Court should apply procedural due process analysis to cases involving executive decisionmaking, such as Mission Springs, because these cases are procedural in nature. This Comment also argues that commentators are misguided when they compare the evils of Lochner-era substantive due process to executive decisionmaking cases. Applying a procedural due process analysis would encourage beneficial outcomes, while escaping the stigma associated with substantive due process

Charge and momentum transfer in supercooled melts: Why should their relaxation times differ?

The steady state values of the viscosity and the intrinsic ionic-conductivity of quenched melts are computed, in terms of independently measurable quantities. The frequency dependence of the ac dielectric response is estimated. The discrepancy between the corresponding characteristic relaxation times is only apparent; it does not imply distinct mechanisms, but stems from the intrinsic barrier distribution for $\alpha$-relaxation in supercooled fluids and glasses. This type of intrinsic ``decoupling'' is argued not to exceed four orders in magnitude, for known glassformers. We explain the origin of the discrepancy between the stretching exponent $\beta$, as extracted from $\epsilon(\omega)$ and the dielectric modulus data. The actual width of the barrier distribution always grows with lowering the temperature. The contrary is an artifact of the large contribution of the dc-conductivity component to the modulus data. The methodology allows one to single out other contributions to the conductivity, as in ``superionic'' liquids or when charge carriers are delocalized, implying that in those systems, charge transfer does not require structural reconfiguration.Comment: submitted to J Chem Phy

Simple Lattice-Models of Ion Conduction: Counter Ion Model vs. Random Energy Model

The role of Coulomb interaction between the mobile particles in ionic conductors is still under debate. To clarify this aspect we perform Monte Carlo simulations on two simple lattice models (Counter Ion Model and Random Energy Model) which contain Coulomb interaction between the positively charged mobile particles, moving on a static disordered energy landscape. We find that the nature of static disorder plays an important role if one wishes to explore the impact of Coulomb interaction on the microscopic dynamics. This Coulomb type interaction impedes the dynamics in the Random Energy Model, but enhances dynamics in the Counter Ion Model in the relevant parameter range.Comment: To be published in Phys. Rev.

Mesoscopic non-equilibrium thermodynamics approach to non-Debye dielectric relaxation

Mesoscopic non-equilibrium thermodynamics is used to formulate a model describing non-homogeneous and non-Debye dielectric relaxation. The model is presented in terms of a Fokker-Planck equation for the probability distribution of non-interacting polar molecules in contact with a heat bath and in the presence of an external time-dependent electric field. Memory effects are introduced in the Fokker-Planck description through integral relations containing memory kernels, which in turn are used to establish a connection with fractional Fokker-Planck descriptions. The model is developed in terms of the evolution equations for the first two moments of the distribution function. These equations are solved by following a perturbative method from which the expressions for the complex susceptibilities are obtained as a functions of the frequency and the wave number. Different memory kernels are considered and used to compare with experiments of dielectric relaxation in glassy systems. For the case of Cole-Cole relaxation, we infer the distribution of relaxation times and its relation with an effective distribution of dipolar moments that can be attributed to different segmental motions of the polymer chains in a melt.Comment: 33 pages, 6 figure

Illustrating phallic worship: uses of material objects and the production of sexual knowledge in eighteenth-century antiquarianism and early twentieth-century sexual science

This is the final version of the article. Available from Taylor & Francis via the DOI in this record.This article reveals previously overlooked connections between eighteenth-century antiquarianism and early twentieth-century sexual science by presenting a comparative reading of two illustrated books: An Account of the Remains of the Worship of Priapus, by British antiquarian scholar Richard Payne Knight (1750–1824), and Die Weltreise eines Sexualforschers (The World Journey of a Sexologist), by German sexual scientist Magnus Hirschfeld (1868–1935). A close analysis of these publications demonstrates the special status of material artefacts and the strategic engagement with visual evidence in antiquarian and scientific writings about sex. Through its exploration of the similarities between antiquarian and sexual scientific thought, the article demonstrates the centrality of material culture to the production of sexual knowledge in the Western world. It also opens up new perspectives on Western intellectual history and on the intellectual origins of sexual science. While previous scholarship has traced the beginnings of sexual science back to nineteenth-century medical disciplines, this article shows that sexual scientists drew upon different forms of evidence and varied methodologies to produce sexual knowledge and secure scientific authority. As such, sexual science needs to be understood as a field with diverse intellectual roots that can be traced back (at least) to the eighteenth century.All authors gratefully acknowledge financial support from the Wellcome Trust [grant numbers NC110388, 106654/Z/14/Z and 106653/Z/14/Z]