Comparative description of coal feeding systems for fixed bed pressure gasification

Coal feeding systems are discussed which are capable of feeding 20-100 T/H and the range of pressure is up to 100 bar. Most emphasis is placed on dry feeding systems. The systems outlined are subdivided into continuous and intermittent and the influence of each system on lock gas losses and reactor design is shown. Finally a cost estimate is presented which indicates the areas of preferred application and permits conclusions to be drawn regarding the economics of the various systems

What the Oblique Parameters S, T, and U and Their Extensions Reveal About the 2HDM: A Numerical Analysis

The oblique parameters S, T, and U and their higher-order extensions (V, W, and X) are observables that combine electroweak precision data to quantify deviation from the Standard Model. These parameters were calculated at one loop in the basis-independent CP-violating Two-Higgs Doublet Model (2HDM). The scalar parameter space of the 2HDM was randomly sampled within limits imposed by unitarity and found to produce values of the oblique parameters within experimental bounds, with the exception of T. The experimental limits on T were used to predict information about the mass of the charged Higgs boson and the difference in mass between the charged Higgs boson and the heaviest neutral Higgs boson (m_ch - m_3). In particular, it was found that the 2HDM predicts -600 GeV 250 GeV being preferred. The mass scale of the new physics produced by random sampling was consistently fairly high, with the average of the scalar masses falling between 400 and 800 GeV for Y_2 = m_W^2, although the model can be tuned to produce a light neutral Higgs mass (eg, 120 GeV). Hence, the values produced for V, W, and X fell well within .01 of zero, confirming the robustness of the linear expansion approximation. Taking the CP-conserving limit of the model was found to not significantly affect the values generated for the oblique parameters.Comment: 17 pages, 31 figure

Ontology-Based MEDLINE Document Classification

An increasing and overwhelming amount of biomedical information is available in the research literature mainly in the form of free-text. Biologists need tools that automate their information search and deal with the high volume and ambiguity of free-text. Ontologies can help automatic information processing by providing standard concepts and information about the relationships between concepts. The Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) ontology is already available and used by MEDLINE indexers to annotate the conceptual content of biomedical articles. This paper presents a domain-independent method that uses the MeSH ontology inter-concept relationships to extend the existing MeSH-based representation of MEDLINE documents. The extension method is evaluated within a document triage task organized by the Genomics track of the 2005 Text REtrieval Conference (TREC). Our method for extending the representation of documents leads to an improvement of 17% over a non-extended baseline in terms of normalized utility, the metric defined for the task. The SVMlight software is used to classify documents

Unveiling the nature of the unidentified gamma-ray sources VI: gamma-ray blazar candidates in the WISH survey and their radio properties

According to the second Fermi LAT Catalog (2FGL), about one third of the gamma-ray sources listed have no assigned counterparts at lower energies. Many statistical methods have been developed to find proper counterparts for these sources. We explore the sky area covered at low radio frequency by Westerbork in the Southern Hemisphere (WISH) survey to search for blazar-like associations among the unidentified gamma-ray sources listed in the 2FGL (UGSs). Searching the WISH and NRAO VLA Sky Survey (NVSS) radio surveys within the positional uncertainty regions of the 2FGL UGSs, we select as gamma-ray blazar candidates the radio sources characterized by flat radio spectra between 352 MHz and 1400 MHz. We propose new gamma-ray blazar associations for eight UGSs and we also discuss their spectral properties at low radio frequencies. We compare the radio flux density distribution of the low radio frequency gamma-ray blazar candidates with that of gamma-ray blazars associated with other methods. We find significant differences between these distributions. Finally, we discuss the results of this association method and its possible applicability to other regions of the sky and future radio surveys.Comment: 8 pages, 4 figures, 4 tables, ApJS published in 2014 (pre-proof version uploaded

Animal studies on Spacelab-3

The flight of two squirrel monkeys and 24 rates on Spacelab-3 was the first mission to provide hand-on maintenance on animals in a laboratory environment. With few exceptions, the animals grew and behaved normally, were free of chronic stress, and differed from ground controls only for gravity-dependent parameters. One of the monkeys exhibited symptoms of space sickness similar to those observed in humans, which suggests squirrel monkeys may be good models for studying the space-adaptation syndrome. Among the wide variety of parameters measured in the rats, most notable was the dramatic loss of muscle mass and increased fragility of long bones. Other interesting rat findings were those of suppressed interferon production by spleen cells, defective release of growth hormone by somatotrophs, possible dissociation of circadian pacemakers, changes in hepatic lipid and carbohydrate metabolism, and hypersensitivity of marrow cells to erythopoietin. These results portend a strong role for animals in identifying and elucidating the physiological and anatomical responses of mammals to microgravity

Unveiling the nature of the unidentified gamma-ray sources III: gamma-ray blazar-like counterparts at low radio frequencies

About one third of the gamma-ray sources listed in the second Fermi LAT catalog (2FGL) have no firmly established counterpart at lower energies so being classified as unidentified gamma-ray sources (UGSs). Here we propose a new approach to find candidate counterparts for the UGSs based on the 325 MHz radio survey performed with Westerbork Synthesis Radio Telescope (WSRT) in the northern hemisphere. First we investigate the low-frequency radio properties of blazars, the largest known population of gamma-ray sources; then we search for sources with similar radio properties combining the information derived from the Westerbork Northern Sky Survey (WENSS) with those of the NRAO VLA Sky survey (NVSS). We present a list of candidate counterparts for 32 UGSs with at least one counterpart in the WENSS. We also performed an extensive research in literature to look for infrared and optical counterparts of the gamma-ray blazar candidates selected with the low-frequency radio observations to confirm their nature. On the basis of our multifrequency research we identify 23 new gamma-ray blazar candidates out of 32 UGSs investigated. Comparison with previous results on the UGSs are also presented. Finally, we speculate on the advantages on the use of the low-frequency radio observations to associate UGSs and to search for gamma-ray pulsar candidates.Comment: 15 pages, 13 figures, 3 tables, ApJS accepted for publication (version pre-proof corrections

Extraction of many-body configurations from nonlinear absorption in semiconductor quantum wells

Detailed electronic many-body configurations are extracted from quantitatively measured timeresolved nonlinear absorption spectra of resonantly excited GaAs quantum wells. The microscopic theory assigns the observed spectral changes to a unique mixture of electron-hole plasma, exciton, and polarization effects. Strong transient gain is observed only under co-circular pump-probe conditions and is attributed to the transfer of pump-induced coherences to the probe

A target enrichment method for gathering phylogenetic information from hundreds of loci: An example from the Compositae.

UnlabelledPremise of the studyThe Compositae (Asteraceae) are a large and diverse family of plants, and the most comprehensive phylogeny to date is a meta-tree based on 10 chloroplast loci that has several major unresolved nodes. We describe the development of an approach that enables the rapid sequencing of large numbers of orthologous nuclear loci to facilitate efficient phylogenomic analyses. •Methods and resultsWe designed a set of sequence capture probes that target conserved orthologous sequences in the Compositae. We also developed a bioinformatic and phylogenetic workflow for processing and analyzing the resulting data. Application of our approach to 15 species from across the Compositae resulted in the production of phylogenetically informative sequence data from 763 loci and the successful reconstruction of known phylogenetic relationships across the family. •ConclusionsThese methods should be of great use to members of the broader Compositae community, and the general approach should also be of use to researchers studying other families

Sensible heat transfer in the Gemini and Apollo pressure suits

Sensible heat transfer effects in Gemini and Apollo pressure suit

Historical Trends in U.S. Antarctic Meteorite Allocations, With a Close Look at Cr Chondrites

ANSMET samples have been housed at and allocated from NASA-JSC since 1978. This nearly 40 year history of allocations from the collection has been contemporaneous with many major milestones such as the discovery that we have meteorites from Moon and Mars, missions to S-type asteroids (NEAR, Hayabusa, Dawn), and C-type asteroids (Dawn, Hayabusa 2, and OSIRIS-REx). We look for the possible influence of these major milestones on historical trends in the meteorite allocations, identify other factors that might contribute to allocation trends, and focus on the allocation history of a few select meteorites