Discovery of anti-inflammatory physiological peptides that promote tissue repair by reinforcing epithelial barrier formation

上皮バリアを形成するペプチドJIPの発見 --JIPは上皮組織修復に貢献する--. 京都大学プレスリリース. 2021-11-18.Epithelial barriers that prevent dehydration and pathogen invasion are established by tight junctions (TJs), and their disruption leads to various inflammatory diseases and tissue destruction. However, a therapeutic strategy to overcome TJ disruption in diseases has not been established because of the lack of clinically applicable TJ-inducing molecules. Here, we found TJ-inducing peptides (JIPs) in mice and humans that corresponded to 35 to 42 residue peptides of the C terminus of alpha 1-antitrypsin (A1AT), an acute-phase anti-inflammatory protein. JIPs were inserted into the plasma membrane of epithelial cells, which promoted TJ formation by directly activating the heterotrimeric G protein G13. In a mouse intestinal epithelial injury model established by dextran sodium sulfate, mouse or human JIP administration restored TJ integrity and strongly prevented colitis. Our study has revealed TJ-inducing anti-inflammatory physiological peptides that play a critical role in tissue repair and proposes a previously unidentified therapeutic strategy for TJ-disrupted diseases

Vasculature-driven stem cell population coordinates tissue scaling in dynamic organs

Stem cell (SC) proliferation and differentiation organize tissue homeostasis. However, how SCs regulate coordinate tissue scaling in dynamic organs remain unknown. Here, we delineate SC regulations in dynamic skin. We found that interfollicular epidermal SCs (IFESCs) shape basal epidermal proliferating clusters (EPCs) in expanding abdominal epidermis of pregnant mice and proliferating plantar epidermis. EPCs consist of IFESC-derived Tbx3⁺–basal cells (Tbx3⁺-BCs) and their neighboring cells where Adam8–extracellular signal–regulated kinase signaling is activated. Clonal lineage tracing revealed that Tbx3⁺-BC clones emerge in the abdominal epidermis during pregnancy, followed by differentiation after parturition. In the plantar epidermis, Tbx3⁺-BCs are sustained as long-lived SCs to maintain EPCs invariably. We showed that Tbx3⁺-BCs are vasculature-dependent IFESCs and identified mechanical stretch as an external cue for the vasculature-driven EPC formation. Our results uncover vasculature-mediated IFESC regulations, which explain how the epidermis adjusts its size in orchestration with dermal constituents in dynamic skin

新人看護師における点滴静脈注射の技術獲得に関する実態

報告Report新人看護師が点滴静脈注射実施において困難であった内容と技術獲得につながった経験内容の実態を明らかにし、点滴静脈注射の技術獲得につながる看護基礎教育および現任教育に対する示唆を得ることを目的として、本学看護学部・看護短期大学部の卒業生を対象に、卒後6ヶ月目に質問紙調査を実施した。その結果、新人看護師が点滴静脈注射実施において困難を感じた経験内容は、薬剤の理解、準備の手早さ、状況に応じた滴下速度調節、点滴静脈注射のトラブルへの対応など臨床場面に即したことであった。技術獲得に役立った経験内容は、職場での技術チェック試験や先輩看護師からの助言・指導、失敗体験の振り返りであった。新人看護師の点滴静脈注射の技術獲得に向けて、基本技術の習得とともに実践での状況に合わせた教育、また振り返りを含めた個別的な指導が重要である

本学の成人看護学における看護技術教育

報告Report2003年3月、厚生労働省から公表された、「看護基礎教育における技術教育のあり方に関する検討会報告書」を受け、2003・4年度に実施した看護技術教育について検討・評価を行った。2001・2年度入学生の看護基礎教育課程・成人看護学は、成人看護方法論I～IV、成人看護実習I・IIの6科目で構成されている。成人看護学では、看護技術の原理・原則を基盤として、技術の応用と発展的な学習を目標に取り組んだ。成人看護方法論IIでは、心電図検査・肺機能検査を実施した。すべての学生が操作方法を理解し、正確な検査結果を得ていた。臨地実習では、実習前の自己学修課題・期間中の学内演習・臨地実習中に体験した看護技術を調査した。調査結果から、学生が実習中に見学・体験できる看護技術は必ずしも多いとは言えなかった。さらに、学習環境の整備・教育方法の工夫に積極的に取り組む必要がある

The Japanese space gravitational wave antenna; DECIGO

DECi-hertz Interferometer Gravitational wave Observatory (DECIGO) is the future Japanese space gravitational wave antenna. DECIGO is expected to open a new window of observation for gravitational wave astronomy especially between 0.1 Hz and 10 Hz, revealing various mysteries of the universe such as dark energy, formation mechanism of supermassive black holes, and inflation of the universe. The pre-conceptual design of DECIGO consists of three drag-free spacecraft, whose relative displacements are measured by a differential Fabry– Perot Michelson interferometer. We plan to launch two missions, DECIGO pathfinder and pre- DECIGO first and finally DECIGO in 2024

紙上事例を用いた成人看護学看護過程演習の評価 (第3報) : 関連図を取り入れた演習における学生の自己評価の変化

報告Report成人看護学での紙上事例を用いた看護過程演習において、健康障害についての解釈・分析・統合の理解が深まるような演習方法の検討を行い、本学3年次学生に演習前後の自己評価調査を実施した。その結果、健康障害についての関連図作成をグループで取り組ませたことで自己評価得点の有意な上昇がみられた。しかし、演習後にも分析・統合に困難を感じる学生が2割程度みられ、基本的な健康査定や病態の変化など根拠をもとに自ら思考する能力を開発する指導方法についてさらに検討していく必要がある

DECIGO pathfinder

DECIGO pathfinder (DPF) is a milestone satellite mission for DECIGO (DECi-hertz Interferometer Gravitational wave Observatory) which is a future space gravitational wave antenna. DECIGO is expected to provide us fruitful insights into the universe, in particular about dark energy, a formation mechanism of supermassive black holes, and the inflation of the universe. Since DECIGO will be an extremely large mission which will formed by three drag-free spacecraft with 1000m separation, it is significant to gain the technical feasibility of DECIGO before its planned launch in 2024. Thus, we are planning to launch two milestone missions: DPF and pre-DECIGO. The conceptual design and current status of the first milestone mission, DPF, are reviewed in this article

The status of DECIGO

DECIGO (DECi-hertz Interferometer Gravitational wave Observatory) is the planned Japanese space gravitational wave antenna, aiming to detect gravitational waves from astrophysically and cosmologically significant sources mainly between 0.1 Hz and 10 Hz and thus to open a new window for gravitational wave astronomy and for the universe. DECIGO will consists of three drag-free spacecraft arranged in an equilateral triangle with 1000 km arm lengths whose relative displacements are measured by a differential Fabry-Perot interferometer, and four units of triangular Fabry-Perot interferometers are arranged on heliocentric orbit around the sun. DECIGO is vary ambitious mission, we plan to launch DECIGO in era of 2030s after precursor satellite mission, B-DECIGO. B-DECIGO is essentially smaller version of DECIGO: B-DECIGO consists of three spacecraft arranged in an triangle with 100 km arm lengths orbiting 2000 km above the surface of the earth. It is hoped that the launch date will be late 2020s for the present