Koyun Karaciğer Doku Arginazında SH Gruplarının Varlığı ve Enzim Aktivitesi Üzerine Sülfür Grubu İçeren Aromatik ve Hidroksilli Amino Asitlerin Etkisi

Koyun karaciğer doku arginazı üzerine aromatik amino asitlerden tirozin ve triptofan; hidroksilli amino asitlerden serin ve treonin; sülfür grubu içeren amino asitlerden sistein, metionin ile protein yapısında yer almayan amino asitlerden homosisteinin etkileri araştırılmıştır. Enzimin yapısında thiol gruplarının olup olmadığını anlamak için p-kloromerküri benzoik asit ve n-etil maleimitin etkileri araştırılmıştır. Yapılan araştırmalar sonucunda amino asitlerden sistein, homosistein ve triptofan inhibisyon, serin ve treonin hafif bir aktivasyon yaparken, metionin ve tirozin ise enzim aktivitesinde herhangi bir değişikliğe sebep olmamıştır. P-kloromerküri benzoik asit, sistein ve homosistein düşük konsantrasyonlarda aktivasyon, yüksek konsantrasyonlarda ise inhibisyon meydana getirmişlerdir. Amino asitlerden sistein, homosistein ve triptofan karışık inhibisyona, p-kloromerküri benzoik asit unkompetetif inhibisyona, n-etil maleimit ise nonkompetetif inhibisyona neden olmuştur

Changes in the Rate of Lipid Peroxidation in Plasma and Selected Blood Antioxidants before and during Pregnancy in Ewes

Pregnancy is a condition that favours oxidative stress. The aim of this study was to evaluate the oxidant and antioxidant status by measuring glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), catalase (CAT) activities and malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione (GSH) concentrations before and during pregnancy in ewes. Twelve healthy female and two healthy male Awassi sheep, aged 4-5 years, weighing approximately 50 - 55 kg each, were used in the study. The ewes’ blood samples were taken before synchronization and during pregnancy (on 25th days of each month of pregnancy). Plasma MDA concentrations in the 2nd and 3rd months of pregnancy in ewes were lower than in the 1st, 4th, 5th months of pregnancy and in the non-pregnant ewes. GSH concentrations and GSH-Px activities during pregnancy were increased (P P < 0.001). They were the lowest in the 2nd and 3rd months of pregnancy. The findings of our study show decreased CAT activities and elevated GSH concentrations and GSH-Px activities after the 1st month of pregnancy in ewes. These changes in the indicators under study may indicate a predisposition to oxidative stress in the 2nd and 3rd month of pregnancy in ewes

Malathion-induced spermatozoal oxidative damage and alterations in sperm quality of endangered trout Salmo coruhensis.

The use of pesticides has been increased along with increasing the farming activities and has caused environmental impacts deleteriously. In particular, non-target organisms including fish can be affected by toxic effects of pesticides. Therefore, the impacts of malathion (MTN) on oxidative stress and sperm quality were investigated in vitro. The MTN concentrations used on this study were 0 (control), 75, 100, and 125 μg/L. Lipid peroxidation (MDA), non-enzymatic (GSH), and enzymatic (SOD, GSH-Px, and CAT) activities in spermatozoa were examined for determination of oxidative stress status. Our findings showed that motility rate and period of sperm cells significantly decreased with exposure to MTN. Biochemical assays revealed that CAT activity and levels of MDA, GSH increased in spermatozoa based on concentration while activity of GSH-Px and SOD decreased. Consequently, spermatozoa were highly sensitive to MTN exposure. MTN has disruptive effects on sperm quality and caused to oxidative stress in spermatozoa

l-Arginine Improves Sperm Motility in Threatened Coruh Trout Salmo coruhensis (Teleostei: Salmonidae)

l-arginine is a versatile amino acid and precursor of nitric oxide that provides protection for preventing free radical damage. Herein, experiments were designed to clarify the effect of l-arginine supplementation on the sperm motility of a threatened trout, Coruh trout Salmo coruhensis. Activation solution was supplemented with levels of 0 mM (Control), 2 mM, 4 mM, and 8 mM l-arginine, and motility and survival of sperm cells were assessed. The selected concentrations were determined according to results of our preliminary experiments. The sperm motility rates at l-arginine concentrations of 0, 2, 4, and 8 mM were 73.33 ± 5.77%, 76.67 ± 5.75%, 80.01 ± 0.01%, and 90.00 ± 0.05%, respectively; notility durations were 21.67 ± 2.08, 32.33 ± 3.79, 32.67 ± 1.15, and 37.00 ± 6.38 s, respectively. Significant effect of l-arginine supplementation was determined on the percentage and duration of motile spermatozoa (p < 0.05). The maximum increment was evoked at the greatest concentration (8 mM). Here, we showed that l-arginine supplement can improve sperm motility of S. coruhensis

Doğada ve Kültür Ortamındaki Çoruh alabalığı (Salmo coruhensis) Spermatozoasının Oksidatif Stres ve Antioksidan Biyobelirteçlerinin Belirlenmesi

Behaviour and physiology in fish are affected from environmental factors. Particularly, habitat and culture environment in aquatic animals are essential for life stages. In this study, biomarkers of oxidative stress and antioxidant were compared in wild and farmed Çoruh trout (Salmo coruhensis) spermatozoa. In spermatozoa of Çoruh trout, lipid peroxidation (malondialdehyde), glutathione and enzymatic antioxidant activities (catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase) were assessed. Our data demonstrated that superoxide dismutase (0.44±1.25 Umg-1 protein), catalase (15.21±4.69 k.g-1 protein), glutathione peroxidase (42.89±0.61 Ug1 protein), glutathione (0.18±4.01 µmolg-1 cell) and malondialdehyde (2.49±0.12 nmol.g-1 cell) levels in wild fish were low compared to spermatozoa of farmed fish. Overall, alterations in malondialdehyde levels and the antioxidant status could be differences in habitat

Effect of the organophosphate insecticidechlorpyrifos exposure on oxidative stress andquality of Salmo coruhensis spermatozoa

The use of pesticides has been increasing along with increasing farming activities and has caused deleterious environmental impacts. Non-target organisms in particular, including fish, are affected by pesticides. In this work, the impacts of Chlorpyrifos (CPF) on sperm oxidative stress markers and sperm motility were investigated in vitro. CPF concentrations were 0 μg/L (control), 5 μg/L, 10 μg/L and 15 μg/L. Lipid peroxidation [malondialdehyde (MDA)], nonenzymatic antioxidants [glutathione (GSH)] and enzymatic [superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and catalase (CAT)] activities in sperm cells were examined for the determination of oxidative stress status. Our findings showed that motility and survival of sperm cells significantly decreased with exposure to Chlorpyrifos. Biochemical assays revealed that CAT activity and levels of MDA and, GSH increased in spermatozoa based on CPF concentration while activity of GSH-Px and SOD decreased. Consequently, spermatozoa were highly sensitive to CPF exposure. It can be deduced that CPF has the potential to disrupt sperm quality and to cause to oxidative stress in sperm cells of S. coruhensis

Cypermethrin-Induced in vitro Alterations on Oxidative Stress and Quality of Salmo coruhensis Spermatozoa

The use of insecticides has been increasing along with increasing agriculture activities and has caused deleterious environmental impacts. Non-target organisms in particular, including fish, are affected by pesticides. In this work, the impacts of cypermethrin (CYP) on sperm oxidative stress markers and sperm motility were investigated in vitro. The CYP concentrations were 0 μg L-1 control, ethanol), 1.025 μg L-1, 2.05 μg L-1 and 4.1 μg L-1. Lipid peroxidation [Malondialdehyde (MDA)], non-enzymatic antioxidants [glutathione (GSH)] and enzymatic [superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and catalase (CAT)] activities in sperm cells were examined for determination of oxidative stress status. Our findings showed that motility and survival of sperm cells significantly decreased with exposure to CYP. Biochemical assays revealed that CAT activity and levels of MDA and, GSH increased in spermatozoa based on CYP concentration while activity of GSH-Px and SOD decreased. Consequently, spermatozoa were highly sensitive to CYP exposure. It can be deduced that CYP has the potential to disrupt sperm quality and to cause to oxidative stress in sperm cells of S. coruhensis

Comparison of Oxidant and Antioxidant Status of Çoruh trout (Salmo coruhensis), Anatolian trout (Salmo rizeensis) and Rainbow trout (Oncorynchus mykiss) Spermatozoa

The aim of present study was to compare oxidant and antioxidant status of Çoruh trout (Salmo coruhensis), Anatolian trout (Salmo rizeensis) and rainbow trout (Oncorynchus mykiss) spermatozoa. Fish were obtained from Uzungöl. Enzymatic antioxidant activities (superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase), glutathione and lipid peroxidation (malondialdehyde) were determined in spermatozoa of three trout species. Results indicated that catalase (23.36±0.36 K/g.protein), glutathione peroxidase (74.00±1.5 U/g.protein), glutathione (0.57±1.24 µmol/g.cell) and malondialdehyde levels (6.55±2.01 nmol/g cell) were highest levels in Anatolian trout (S. rizeensis) spermatozoa. In conclusion, differences among species caused alterations in the antioxidant and malondialdehyde levels

Levels of copper in liver, muscle and gill tissues in Capoeta trutta (Heckel, 1843) from Munzur River, Turkey

Heavy metal pollution of waters is a major environmental problem. Due to their toxicity, long persistence, bioaccumulative and nonbiodegradable properties in the food chain, heavy metals constitute a core group of aquatic pollutants. Capoeta trutta is an economically important fish and the object of significant commercial fishery in the Munzur River. Levels of Cu were measured in samples of the muscle, gill and liver tissues of C. trutta from Munzur River. In liver copper levels were higher at Station I (6.15 mg kg-1) polluted by domestic waste than Station II (5.48 mg kg-1) (P<0.05). The highest copper level (7.25 mg kg-1) was measured in muscle tissue at Station II. There was found no statically differences between stations in gill and muscle (P>0.05). It is suggested that ecological condition of freshwater fish and contamination levels in Munzur River must be regularly monitored