future mobility and land use scenarios impact assessment with an urban case study

Abstract In recent years the interest in urban mobility has grown considerably, not only due to the local increase in negative externalities generated by transport, but also because recent technological innovations are offering effective solutions especially in urban context. In particular, the introduction of Connected and Automated Vehicles (CAVs) could radically change the mobility scenario allowing, on the one hand, a widespread diffusion of shared vehicles that could feed the stations of the mass rapid transit network, improving the attractiveness of Public Transportation (PT), and on the other, the implementation of Travel Demand Management (TDM) measures on large areas of the most densely urbanized (and congested) territory of a city, without reducing accessibility and creating social exclusion. The present study aims at evaluating, through a system of Land-Use Transportation Interaction (LUTI) models, the impacts on transport demand and on population and activities location, of transportation policies oriented to both enhancing PT and restricting the individual use of the car. The case study analyzed is represented by the urban area of Rome. Several scenarios have been simulated and compared by means of sustainability indicators. Preliminary results show that the improvement of PT services, combined with the introduction of car use restriction and car free areas, do induce not only a significant modal shift towards more sustainable transportation modes, but also a limitation of urban sprawl

Mobility as a Service (MaaS) for university communities: Modeling preferences for integrated public transport bundles

In order to investigate the role that Mobility as a Service (MaaS) could play in university communities to reduce car dependency and moderate car-oriented travel behavior, this paper examines individuals’ stated interest in adopting MaaS bundles in academic environments, where its potential is still largely underexplored. The study involves a large-scale survey campaign carried out within a university community in Milan (Italy), comprising 1873 answers from faculty members, technical-administrative staff, and students. The paper discusses the factors affecting behavioral intentions towards a potential MaaS adoption on the basis of aggregate statistics and discrete choice models estimates. This research highlights that there is a real opportunity to market MaaS in university communities, but an accurate user-centered design of the MaaS solutions is needed, based on individuals’ preferences and actual mobility needs. Results suggest that MaaS has a broader potential user base among individuals under 35 years old and Public Transport subscribers, and that MaaS bundles involving shared mobility services are attractive by residents in the city center, while reserved parking at interchange facilities is more attractive to commuters coming from suburban areas

Improving Urban Cyclability and Perceived Bikeability: A Decision Support System for the City of Milan, Italy

This paper presents a Decision Support System (DSS) designed to enhance cyclability and perceived bikeability in urban areas, with an application to the city of Milan, Italy, focusing on cycling toward the urban university campuses of Politecnico di Milano. Despite the increasing emphasis on sustainable urban mobility, research gaps remain in optimizing cycling infrastructure development based on both observable factors (e.g., availability and quality of cycleways) and latent factors (e.g., cyclists’ perceived safety and security). The objective of this study is to address these gaps by developing a DSS, based on a macroscopic multimodal transport simulation model, to facilitate an in-depth analysis and prioritization of cycling transport policies. Findings from the DSS simulations indicate that strategic enhancements to cycling infrastructure can shift user preferences toward safer and more dedicated cycling routes, despite potential increases in travel time and distance. This paper concludes that implementing a DSS not only supports more informed policymaking but also encourages sustainable urban development by improving the overall cycling experience in cities, highlighting the importance of addressing both tangible and intangible factors in the design and prioritization of cycling infrastructure projects

Random-Parameters Behavioral Models to Investigate Determinants of Perceived Safety in Railway Stations

Recent studies have highlighted the existence of a gap between actual and perceived safety and have shown that feelings of insecurity can affect individuals? travel behavior before and during the journey. In this paper, a methodology is proposed for assessing determinants of travelers? perception of safety and security in railway stations. The methodological approach includes focus groups, stated preference (SP) surveys, and the estimation of behavioral models with fixed parameters (Binomial Logit) and random parameters (Mixed Logit). The estimation results for a medium-sized railway station (Frosinone, Italy) confirmed that safety and security measures are not equally perceived by individuals and the use of random-parameters models leads to more robust estimates. The proposed modeling approach allows the identification of the interventions that should be prioritized to increase travelers? perceived levels of safety, highlighting those factors, such as, for the considered case study, the presence of security personnel and the level of decorum and maintenance, which are perceived by users as more important than others (e.g., surveillance cameras)

Spatial Economic Impacts of the TEN-T Network Extension in the Adriatic and Ionian Region

Investments in transportation infrastructure have been identified as one of the main factors to promote territorial economic growth. However, appraisal methods currently used in the planning practice do not consider spatial economic distributional effects, ignoring who within a given region would receive greater economic benefits from an investment than others (and eventually who might receive worse). In this paper, a modelling framework is proposed to assess the spatial economic impacts of transportation infrastructure investments; the method combines spatial regressions with transportation accessibility analysis, assuming Gross Domestic Product per Capita variation as a proxy of the economic growth. The application to the case study is related to the Adriatic and Ionian region, which includes both some EU (Italy, Slovenia, Croatia, and Greece) and non-EU countries (Bosnia-Herzegovina, Montenegro, Albania, North Macedonia, and Kosovo) and is characterized by huge disparities in terms of infrastructural assets. The models allow us to both statistically prove the importance of spatial modelling specifications and to forecast economic impacts that would be generated by ongoing infrastructure investment plans for the reconstruction of the road and railway networks in the region; this highlighted where current economic disparities tend to be bridged up, i.e., mainly along the foreseen extensions of the Trans-European Transport Network (TEN-T) corridors, and where not

Multi-Dimensional Cost-Effectiveness Analysis for Prioritizing Railway Station Investments: A General Framework with an Application to the Italian Case Study

In recent years, several authors have highlighted the merits of the Cost-Effectiveness Analysis (CEA), e.g., compared to Cost-Benefits Analysis (CBA), particularly for small projects appraisal (e.g., revamping or extraordinary maintenance interventions) and when the impacts of the project are difficult to value or quantify in monetary terms. CEA is a quite consolidated technique, typically applied in practice when one specific impact prevails over the others. This research extends the concept of CEA to a multi-dimensional decision-making context, outlining a methodological framework that includes several criteria to assess the impacts of railway station revamping in urban contexts. The proposed method has already been applied for the project appraisals of five railway stations in Italy; this paper presents the application to a case study representing the typical configuration of a medium-sized Italian railway station. Results have shown that the proposed approach is a valid tool for both designers and infrastructure managers for prioritizing railway station investments in the presence of multiple strategic objectives that also conflict with each other. A multi-dimensional CEA can provide, in a communicative, lean, and effective way, the information on investment costs and the impacts that different policies, layouts, and technological solutions would have, creating the basis for a more transparent debate on resource allocation priorities. Finally, results have shown that the CEA is not only a method for project assessment, but also a tool for improving and directing the design towards the identification of interventions that allow the achievement of the key objectives set ex ante

Managing Urban Mobility during Big Events through Living Lab Approach

Urban transportation systems encounter distinctive challenges during planned major city events characterized by large gatherings that disrupt traffic patterns. The surge in private car usage for attending such events leads to a sudden increase in traffic, unauthorized parking, pollutant emissions, and risks to pedestrian safety in the vicinity of the event venue. This study delves into the challenges and advantages of employing Decision Support Systems (DSSs) to manage urban mobility during special urban events with the goal of reducing car dependency and promoting sustainable transportation options. The proposed methodology for designing and testing the DSS is based on the living lab principles of co-planning, co-implementing, co-monitoring, co-validating, and co-reviewing with engaged stakeholders. Moreover, testing of the DSS measures in real-world cases (i.e., during a football match at the San Siro Stadium and a concert at the Alcatraz music hall in the city of Milan, Italy) highlights the potential of the DSS in reducing the use of individual private cars in favor of shared mobility and micro-mobility solutions. As a result, the living lab has proven to be a valuable tool for interacting with stakeholders from the outset of brainstorming ideas for potential transport policies to their practical implementation, with the goal of bridging the gap between what decision-makers believe should be done, what transport operators can feasibly do, and what users desire and expect to be done. The insights presented in this paper contribute to the debate on leveraging technology to cultivate more efficient, resilient, and livable urban environments

A new methodology for the multi-risk assessment of existing road tunnels

The optimal management of infrastructural assets is a key aspect to guarantee the adequate competitiveness of a country from the economic point of view and a good level of quality from the social one. In this framework, particular attention shall be paid to the critical elements of the infrastructure network, such as bridges and tunnels, which often strongly influence the resilience of the network itself, as highlighted both by what happened immediately after the collapse of the Morandi bridge in Genoa and by the situation that was created following the several construction sites implemented to reduce the structural risk in the tunnels of Ligurian territory. Indeed, on one hand these critical elements are often characterized by lower structural safety levels than those required by the regulations for similar newly built structures but, on the other hand, the presence of construction sites determines a reduction in the performance of the infrastructure with a significant increase of the road accident and traffic risk. This paper proposes an operational methodology for assessing the risk associated to existing road tunnels. The research is carried out in collaboration with SINA SpA and ASPI, Autostrade per l'Italia, and has the main objective of providing practical tools that can help the road managers to evaluate the global risk variation when temporary interventions are carried out in tunnels and to give indications regarding the optimal construction site organization

A complicated case of pulmonary embolism in a patient with renal failure

We describe a case of pulmonary embolism with instable hemodynamics in a patient with renal failure; the case is complicated by heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT). Renal failure has a high prevalence in hospitalized patients and is a restriction on administration of low molecular weight heparins (LMWH) and fondaparinux. HIT is a potentially life-threatening complication, therefore a precocious diagnosis is essential. Therapy consists in the immediate stop of heparin’s administration and in the administration of non-heparin antithrombotic drugs