969 research outputs found
The Astronomy of the Kamilaroi People and their Neighbours
The Kamilaroi people and their neighbours, the Euahlayi, Ngemba, and
Murrawarri, are an Aboriginal cultural grouping located in the northwest and
north central of New South Wales. They have a rich history, but have been
missed in much of the literature concerned with sky knowledge in culture. This
study collected stories, some of which have not previously been reported in an
academic format, from Aboriginal people practicing their culture, augmented
with stories from the literature, and analysed the data to create a database of
sky knowledge that will be added to the larger body of Aboriginal cultural
knowledge in Australia. We found that there is a strong sky culture reflected
in the stories, and we also explored the stories for evidence of an
ethnoscientific approach to knowledge of the sky.Comment: 28 pages, 9 figure
Orientations of linear stone arrangements in New South Wales
We test the hypothesis that Aboriginal linear stone arrangements in New South
Wales (NSW) are oriented to cardinal directions. We accomplish this by
measuring the azimuths of stone arrangements described in site cards from the
NSW Aboriginal Heritage Information Management System. We then survey a subset
of these sites to test the accuracy of information recorded on the site cards.
We find a preference recorded in the site cards for cardinal orientations among
azimuths. The field surveys show that the site cards are reasonably accurate,
but the surveyors probably did not correct for magnetic declinations. Using
Monte Carlo statistics, we show that these preferred orientations did not occur
by chance and that Aboriginal people deliberately aligned these arrangements to
the approximate cardinal directions. We briefly explore possible reasons for
these preferred orientations and highlight the need for future work.Comment: Australian Archaeology, Volume 75 (December 2012), accepte
Introduction: Performing LatCrit
This introduction examines the four articles in this cluster on LatCrit praxis. The four articles can be seen as case studies that explore different aspects of LatCrit praxis. Pedro Malavet examines the role literature and the arts can play as a form of antisubordinationist practice. Nicholas Gunia focuses on Jamaican music as a particular site of antisubordinationist practice, showing us that resistance comes in many forms and that LatCrit practitioners must have a broad theory for social change that is not limited to legislatures, courtrooms, classrooms, and law reviews. Alfredo Mirande Gonzalez employs personal narrative to tell us how he used narratives in his classroom to better prepare students to work with subordinated groups. In doing so, he presents, obliquely, a pedagogical model for training law students. Sumi Cho and Robert Westley present a case study of U.C. Berkeley\u27s Boalt Coalition for a Diversified Faculty to make the important point that LatCrit praxis must go beyond theory and progressive lawyering to include a third dimension, political organizing. They argue that if we pay sufficient attention to this third dimension and its submerged histories it will reveal that student movements were central to the development of CRT and will expose the limitations of anti-essentialist theorizing. Together, these four articles present a vibrant picture of LatCrit praxis, a project that, as Francisco Valdes notes, is by its very nature perpetually under construction. They also present important questions about narrative responsibility that can help guide future work that employs narrative methodology
Insulating Materials Comprising Polysilazane, Methods of Forming Such Insulating Materials, and Precursor Formulations Comprising Polysilazane
Methods of forming an insulating material comprising combining a polysilazane, a cross-linking compound, and a gas-generating compound to form a reaction mixture, and curing the reaction mixture to form a modified polysilazane. The gas-generating compound may be water, an alcohol, an amine, or combinations thereof. The cross-linking compound may be an isocyanate, an epoxy resin, or combinations thereof. The insulating material may include a matrix comprising one of a reaction product of a polysilazane and an isocyanate and a reaction product of a polysilazane and an epoxy resin. The matrix also comprises a plurality of interconnected pores produced from one of reaction of the polysilazane and the isocyanate and from reaction of the polysilazane and the epoxy resin. A precursor formulation that comprises a polysilazane, a cross-linking compound, and a gas-generating compound is also disclosed
Architecture, ethics and sustainability - an exploration
Globally we are grappling with the concept of sustainability. What does it mean and how should we respond to ensure that the planet and its ecosystems survive? While the problem of living in a sustainable way must be addressed by all sectors of society, architects are arguably in the \u27front line\u27 because of the impact of buildings in terms of resource use and waste generation. Most definitions of sustainability are unhelpful because of their wordiness, lack of detail or ambiguity. Others distort the concept of sustainability to allow business-as-usual (i.e. unsustainable) activity to continue. Using one particular model of sustainability, this paper explores the apparent contradictions between architectural practice in the residential sector, \u27sustainable\u27 housing and the desire to behave ethically. The paper begins with definitions of sustainability and ethics, together with some guiding principles. The literature examining the ethics of sustainable architecture is then reviewed. Two indicators are suggested to make a broad-brush assessment of sustainability. Current practice in Australian residential architectural design, both mainstream and \u27green\u27, is then critiqued against these indicators. Finally, some practical options for a practising architect faced with a client, who wants an \u27unsustainable\u27 house, are briefly explored.<br /
Solstice and Solar Position observations in Australian Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander traditions
A major focus of the archaeoastronomical research conducted around the world
focuses on understanding how ancient cultures observed sunrise and sunset
points along the horizon, particularly at the solstices and equinoxes. Scholars
argue that observations of these solar points are useful for developing
calendars, informing ritual/ceremonial practices, and predicting seasonal
change. This is the foundation of the Eurocentric four-season Julian (and later
Gregorian) calendar. Famous examples include Stonehenge, Newgrange, Chichen
Itza, and Chankillo. Studies at these and other sites tend to focus on solar
point observations through alignments in stone arrangements, and the
orientations of monuments. Despite the ongoing study of Indigenous Knowledge in
Australia revealing a wealth of information about Aboriginal and Torres Strait
Islander observations and interpretations of solar, lunar, and stellar
properties and motions, very little has been published about the importance and
use of solar point observations. The authors examine this topic through four
case studies, based on methodological frameworks and approaches in ethnography,
ethnohistory, archaeology, and statistics. Our findings show that Aboriginal
and Torres Strait Islander people observe the solstices and other significant
sunrise/sunset points along the horizon for timekeeping and indicating seasonal
change - but in ways that are rather different to the four-season model
developed in Western Europe.Comment: Journal of Astronomical History and Heritage, Vol. 23(1), in press
(2020
Star Maps and Travelling to Ceremonies -- the Euahlayi People and Their Use of the Night Sky
The Euahlayi people are an Australian Aboriginal language group located in
north-central New South Wales and south-central Queensland. They have a rich
culture of astronomy, and use of the night sky in resource management. Like
several other Aboriginal peoples, they did not travel extensively at night, and
so were assumed not to use the night sky for navigation. This study has
confirmed that they, like most other Aboriginal groups, travelled extensively
outside their own country for purposes of trade and ceremonies. We also found
that, previously unknown, they used star maps in the night sky for learning and
remembering waypoints along their routes of travel, but not for actual
navigation. Further research may find that this was common to many Aboriginal
groups in Australia.Comment: 17 pages, 8 figure
Tracking the rapid loss of tidal wetlands in the Yellow Sea
In the Yellow Sea region of East Asia, tidal wetlands are the frontline ecosystem protecting a coastal population of more than 60 million people from storms and sea-level rise. However, unprecedented coastal development has led to growing concern about the status of these ecosystems. We developed a remote-sensing method to assess change over ∼4000 km of the Yellow Sea coastline and discovered extensive losses of the region's principal coastal ecosystem - tidal flats - associated with urban, industrial, and agricultural land reclamations. Our analysis revealed that 28% of tidal flats existing in the 1980s had disappeared by the late 2000s (1.2% annually). Moreover, reference to historical maps suggests that up to 65% of tidal flats were lost over the past five decades. With the region forecast to be a global hotspot of urban expansion, development of the Yellow Sea coastline should pursue a course that minimizes the loss of remaining coastal ecosystems
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