The countryside of Roman Britain: a Gallic perspective

The publication of the RurLand project (Rural Landscape in North-East Gaul) has provided an opportunity to compare methodologies and results with those of The Rural Settlement of Roman Britain Project. Two themes, which draw out the asymmetrical development of settlement in the two regions, are examined: the very different impacts of the Roman Conquest of Gaul and of Britain on settlement numbers and settlement continuity, and the development of the agricultural economy and its relationship with the frontiers of Britain and Germany, as reflected in the growth and decline of villa estates in Britain and Gaul

Alkaline Hydrolyzable-Nitrogen, Seeding Date, and Clay-Fixed Ammonium as Potential Indicators of Rice Response to Nitrogen Fertilization in Arkansas

Several potential indicators of rice (Oryza sativa L.) response to nitrogen (N) fertilization include the soil\u3c&rsquos\u3es alkaline hydrolyzable\u3c&minus\u3eN (AH\u3c&minus\u3eN) concentration, seeding date, and the soil\u3c&rsquos\u3es clay\u3c&minus\u3efixed NH4\u3c&ndash\u3eN content. Three studies were conducted to: (1) correlate AH\u3c&minus\u3eN, determined using Illinois Soil Nitrogen Test (ISNT) or Nitrogen Soil Test for Rice (N\u3c&minus\u3eSTaR), to plant parameters of interest and develop a fertilizer N rate calibration curve capable of predicting the 95% relative grain yield (RGY) fertilizer N rate for rice grown on clayey soils; (2) evaluate the influence of seeding date and N fertilization on rice plant growth and grain yield; and (3) evaluate the plant\u3c&minus\u3eavailable portion of clay\u3c&minus\u3efixed NH4\u3c&ndash\u3eN using N\u3c&minus\u3eSTaR and quantify total clay\u3c&minus\u3efixed NH4\u3c&ndash\u3eN using dry combustion. Alkaline hydrolyzable\u3c&minus\u3eN, quantified using ISNT or N\u3c&minus\u3eSTaR in the first study, explained 83% of the variability in calibration based on a 0 to 30\u3c&minus\u3ecm sampling depth. The second study revealed that grain yield exhibited a tendency to be greater for rice seeded in April or May compared to June seeding dates in Arkansas. Results of the third study indicated a low percentage (4\u3c&ndash\u3e6%) of total clay fixed NH4\u3c&ndash\u3eN was predicted to be plant\u3c&minus\u3eavailable NH4\u3c&ndash\u3eN based on N\u3c&minus\u3eSTaR. Fertilizer N rate recommendations based on the ISNT or N\u3c&minus\u3eSTaR soil test methods evaluated in the first study revealed the potential of soil\u3c&minus\u3ebased tests to improve economic, agronomic, and environmental aspects of rice produced on clayey soils. Seeding date selection can influence rice grain yield which may in turn influence fertilizer N management. However, the fertilizer N rate required to maximize grain yield when seeding date was delayed remained unclear following completion of the second study and continued research is required to identify the influence of seeding date on the yield\u3c&minus\u3emaximizing, fertilizer N rate for rice grown in Arkansas. The recovery of clay\u3c&minus\u3efixed NH4\u3c&ndash\u3eN by N\u3c&minus\u3eSTaR indicated a portion of total clay\u3c&minus\u3efixed NH4\u3c&ndash\u3eN was expected to be available for plant uptake. However, additional research is required to verify the low recovery of clay\u3c&minus\u3efixed NH4\u3c&ndash\u3eN and the influence of clay\u3c&minus\u3efixed NH4\u3c&ndash\u3eN on the quantity of AH\u3c&minus\u3eN determined by N\u3c&minus\u3eSTaR

Failing at College Football Reform: The Jan Kemp Trial at the University of Georgia

Throughout the history of college football, there have been efforts to reform the system and stop improprieties, yet conflict between gaining academic and athletic prowess at colleges remained a central theme. In the 1980s, the Jan Kemp trial involving the University of Georgia demonstrated this clash between revenue-generating athletics and academic integrity. This historical study is an in-depth analysis of archives, legal documents, interviews, and other textual evidence that demonstrated how the factors surrounding the Jan Kemp case evolved and how key administrators and faculty members reacted to pressure related to academic and athletic conflicts. An analysis of past reform efforts in college football identified presidential control, commercialization of athletics, and corruption of the student-athlete ideal through preferential treatment as the key issues universities must address in relation to their football programs. An analysis of the University of Georgia in relation to these issues showed that pressure to increase revenue from football led to a lack of presidential control over academic-athletic conflicts and allowed preferential treatment of athletes to persist at the expense of academic integrity

Relevant beyond the Roman period: approaches to the investigation, analysis and dissemination of archaeological investigations of the rural settlements and landscapes of Roman Britain

Archaeology has been firmly embedded in the British planning systems for over a quarter of century, and development-led fieldwork is now by far the largest source of new information available to researchers. Custom and practice in the way that such work is conducted has evolved over this time, yet methodological innovation has been surprisingly limited. Using the data gathered in a major survey of the rural settlement of Roman Britain, this paper explores some themes in the way that commercial work is undertaken and seeks to open up a long-overdue debate about professional practice in a development-led context

The Silchester 'Nymphaeum'

A carved coping stone found on the site of a spring near the amphitheatre, Silchester and first reported in 1873 was re-discovered in 2014. The stone does not compare in its carved detail with coping stones from the amphitheatres at Chester and London nor with that recovered from the West Gate, Silchester in 1890, nor does its basal width correspond with that of the arena wall of the Silchester amphitheatre. It is likely to have formed part of a monumental basin similar to that found at Coventina’s Well, Northumberland and commemorating the location of a spring and its associated (unknown) deity. Similarity with the type and decoration of architectural stone used in the construction of the forum basilica suggests a Hadrianic-Antonine date

Building Britannia: pre-Flavian private and public construction across Southern Britain

Excavation of the Roman tilery at Little London, Pamber, Hampshire has prompted a re-assessment of the dating of relief-patterned tile, assigning the bulk of production to the Claudio-Neronian period rather than the late first to mid/late-second century. This material has been privileged for retention in excavation archives but can now be seen as a proxy for the manufacture of a much wider range of ceramic building material, typically discarded on site, which, in the case of products from Little London and pre-Flavian Minety (Wilts.) travelled distances of up to 100 km. Re-dating implies more extensive public and private building in town and country south and east of the Fosse Way before the Flavian period than has previously been envisaged. While private building included the construction of bath houses, heated rooms and the provision of roofing materials, public building, we suggest, provided ‘tabernas et praetoria’ along the principal roads of the province. In the private sphere such building provides a possible context for Dio Cassius’ mention of the recall and confiscation of large loans made to Britons before the Boudican rebellion. Finally, consideration of fabric needs to be added to the criteria for retaining ceramic building material in excavation archives

International Perspectives in Values-Based Mental Health Practice

This open access book offers essential information on values-based practice (VBP): the clinical skills involved, teamwork and person-centered care, links between values and evidence, and the importance of partnerships in shared decision-making. Different cultures have different values; for example, partnership in decision-making looks very different, from the highly individualized perspective of European and North American cultures to the collective and family-oriented perspectives common in South East Asia. In turn, African cultures offer yet another perspective, one that falls between these two extremes (called batho pele). The book will benefit everyone concerned with the practical challenges of delivering mental health services. Accordingly, all contributions are developed on the basis of case vignettes, and cover a range of situations in which values underlie tensions or uncertainties regarding how to proceed in clinical practice. Examples include the patient’s autonomy and best interest, the physician’s commitment to establishing high standards of clinical governance, clinical versus community best interest, institutional versus clinical interests, patients insisting on medically unsound but legal treatments etc. Thus far, VBP publications have mainly dealt with clinical scenarios involving individual values (of clinicians and patients). Our objective with this book is to develop a model of VBP that is culturally much broader in scope. As such, it offers a vital resource for mental health stakeholders in an increasingly inter-connected world. It also offers opportunities for cross-learning in values-based practice between cultures with very different clinical care traditions

Bilateral redundancy gain and callosal integrity in a man with callosal lipoma: a diffusion-tensor imaging study

We investigated whether abnormalities in the structural organisation of the corpus callosum in the presence of curvilinear lipoma are associated with increased facilitation of response time to bilateral stimuli, an effect known as the redundancy gain. A patient (A.J.) with a curvilinear lipoma of the corpus callosum, his genetically-identical twin, and age-matched control participants made speeded responses to luminant stimuli. Structural organisation of callosal regions was assessed with diffusion-tensor imaging. A.J. was found to have reduced structural integrity in the splenium of the corpus callosum and produced a large redundancy gain suggestive of neural summation

International Perspectives in Values-Based Mental Health Practice

This open access book offers essential information on values-based practice (VBP): the clinical skills involved, teamwork and person-centered care, links between values and evidence, and the importance of partnerships in shared decision-making. Different cultures have different values; for example, partnership in decision-making looks very different, from the highly individualized perspective of European and North American cultures to the collective and family-oriented perspectives common in South East Asia. In turn, African cultures offer yet another perspective, one that falls between these two extremes (called batho pele). The book will benefit everyone concerned with the practical challenges of delivering mental health services. Accordingly, all contributions are developed on the basis of case vignettes, and cover a range of situations in which values underlie tensions or uncertainties regarding how to proceed in clinical practice. Examples include the patient’s autonomy and best interest, the physician’s commitment to establishing high standards of clinical governance, clinical versus community best interest, institutional versus clinical interests, patients insisting on medically unsound but legal treatments etc. Thus far, VBP publications have mainly dealt with clinical scenarios involving individual values (of clinicians and patients). Our objective with this book is to develop a model of VBP that is culturally much broader in scope. As such, it offers a vital resource for mental health stakeholders in an increasingly inter-connected world. It also offers opportunities for cross-learning in values-based practice between cultures with very different clinical care traditions

Bilateral redundancy gain and callosal integrity in a man with callosal lipoma: a diffusion-tensor imaging study

We investigated whether abnormalities in the structural organisation of the corpus callosum in the presence of curvilinear lipoma are associated with increased facilitation of response time to bilateral stimuli, an effect known as the redundancy gain. A patient (A.J.) with a curvilinear lipoma of the corpus callosum, his genetically-identical twin, and age-matched control participants made speeded responses to luminant stimuli. Structural organisation of callosal regions was assessed with diffusion-tensor imaging. A.J. was found to have reduced structural integrity in the splenium of the corpus callosum and produced a large redundancy gain suggestive of neural summation