Biochemical analyses of lipids deposited on silicone hydrogel lenses

AbstractPurposeThis study was performed to determine the levels of lipids deposited on in vivo worn silicone hydrogel lenses.MethodsThree silicone hydrogel materials, galyfilcon A, senofilcon A, and asmofilcon A, were worn for 2 weeks by 35 normal subjects. Total lipid deposition was determined by the sulfo-phospho-vanillin reaction. Cholesterol was estimated by a colorimetric probe through enzymatic oxidation. Phospholipid level was estimated by determining phosphorus with ammonium molybdate through enzymatic digestion.ResultsThe total lipid content recovered from galyfilcon A, senofilcon A, and asmofilcon A was 32.9 ± 33.8, 42.1 ± 14.0, and 36.6 ± 31.9 μg/lens, respectively. The cholesterol content recovered from galyfilcon A, senofilcon A, and asmofilcon A was 26.2 ± 26.9, 28.6 ± 19.4, and 31.1 ± 21.1 μg/lens, respectively. There were no statistically significant differences in total lipids and cholesterol among the contact lens types. However, the quantity of phospholipid recovered from the asmofilcon A (7.0 ± 5.5 μg/lens) lenses was significantly higher than from galyfilcon A (1.1 ± 0.8 μg/lens) and senofilcon A (2.4 ± 0.8 mg/lens) lenses (p < 0.05, Mann-Whitney test).ConclusionsThe quantity of total lipid and cholesterol deposited on the 3 silicone hydrogel lenses tested did not differ. However, there were significant differences in the amounts of phospholipid deposited among the 3 silicone hydrogel lenses, of which clinical significance should be explored in the future study

ショウ チュウ ノ エンカツナ セツゾク オ ハカル タメ ニ : カリキュラム ト シドウ ノ クフウ

学習指導要領が改訂となり，小学校では平成32年度から5･6 年生に外国語科が本格的に導入される。小学校で教科としての英語を学んでくる生徒を中学校で迎えるにあたり，小中の円滑な接続を図ることがますます重要であると考えられる。これに先駆けて，本校区では，平成25年度より文部科学省から「研究開発学校」の指定を受け，「豊かな英語力を育成する小中一貫の外国語教育」の実践研究に取り組んできた。本報告は，5年間の実践研究において取り組んだ小中の円滑な接続を図るための指導の工夫についてまとめたものである。特に中学校入門時における本校独自のスタートカリキュラム開発と教育実践についてその詳細を報告するとともに，今後の小中連携について見えてきた課題についても示唆するものである

The Second Survey of the Molecular Clouds in the Large Magellanic Cloud by NANTEN I: Catalog of Molecular Clouds

The second survey of the molecular clouds in 12CO (J = 1-0) was carried out in the Large Magellanic Cloud by NANTEN. The sensitivity of this survey is twice as high as that of the previous NANTEN survey, leading to a detection of molecular clouds with M_CO > 2 x 10^4 M_sun. We identified 272 molecular clouds, 230 of which are detected at three or more observed positions. We derived the physical properties, such as size, line width, virial mass, of the 164 GMCs which have an extent more than the beam size of NANTEN in both the major and minor axes. The CO luminosity and virial mass of the clouds show a good correlation of M_VIR propto L_CO^{1.1 +- 0.1} with a Spearman rank correlation of 0.8 suggesting that the clouds are in nearly virial equilibrium. Assuming the clouds are in virial equilibrium, we derived an X_CO-factor to be ~ 7 x 10^20 cm^-2 (K km s^-1)^-1. The mass spectrum of the clouds is fitted well by a power law of N_cloud(>M_CO) proportional to M_CO^{-0.75 +- 0.06} above the completeness limit of 5 x 10^4 M_sun. The slope of the mass spectrum becomes steeper if we fit only the massive clouds; e.g., N_cloud (>M_CO) is proportional to M_CO^{-1.2 +- 0.2} for M_CO > 3 x 10^5 M_sun.Comment: 54 pages in total, 18 figures (21 files) and 4 tables, to appear in Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series. A full color version with higher resolution figures is available at http://www.a.phys.nagoya-u.ac.jp/~kawamura/research/NANTEN_LMC_1_preprint_highres.pd

High-Mass Cloud Cores in the eta Carinae Giant Molecular Cloud

We carried out an unbiased survey for massive dense cores in the giant molecular cloud associated with eta Carinae with the NANTEN telescope in 12CO, 13CO, and C18O 1-0 emission lines. We identified 15 C18O cores. Two of the 15 cores are associated with IRAS point sources whose luminosities are larger than 10^4 Lo, which indicates that massive star formation is occuring within these cores. Five cores including the two with IRAS sources are associated with MSX point sources. We detected H13CO+ (1-0) emission toward 4 C18O cores, one of which is associated with neither IRAS nor MSX point sources. This core shows the presence of a bipolar molecular outflow in 12CO (2-1), which indicates that star formation is also occuring in the core. In total, six C18O cores out of 15 are experienced star formation, and at least 2 of 15 are massive-star forming cores in the eta Car GMC. We found that massive star formation occurs preferentially in cores with larger column density, mass, number density, and smaller ratio of virial mass to LTE mass Mvir/M. We also found that the cores in the eta Car GMC are characterized by large line width and Mvir/M on average compared to the cores in other GMCs. We investigated the origin of a large amount of turbulence in the eta Car GMC. We propose the possibility that the large turbulence was pre-existing when the GMC was formed, and is now dissipating. Mechanisms such as multiple supernova explosions in the Carina flare supershell may have contributed to form a GMC with a large amount of turbulence.Comment: 41 pages, including 11 fugures and 9 tables. Accepted by ApJ. Author changed. Paper with high resolution figures is available at http://astrol.cias.osakafu-u.ac.jp/~yonekura/work/paper/etaCar

シュウショウジ フウフ ドウシツ ノ ザイタク コウキ コウレイシャ ニ タイスル センシング ギジュツ ヲ モチイタ スイミン ジッタイ チョウサ ヤカン ミマモリ ノ ヒツヨウセイ ノ ケントウ

【目的】就床時夫婦同室の在宅後期高齢者の夜間見守りの検討に、睡眠状況についてセンシング技術を用いて調査する。【方法】高齢夫妻2 組に対し、センシング機器を用いて測定、自記式記録、家族介護者の観察等を実施した。【結果】1 組目の夫はCPAP を装着していても睡眠時無呼吸が観察され、妻は喘息だが、睡眠効率は高かった。妻は難聴もあり、夫の睡眠状況の影響を受けなかった。2 組目の夫は夜間頻尿による排泄のための離床があったが、妻は片側難聴と背を向けて側臥位で寝ており覚醒しなかった。両夫婦とも就床と起床時刻については、同室者の干渉を認めたが、夫婦の長年の工夫などで中途覚醒については、干渉を認めず、同室とする目的である、お互いの見守りは完全ではなかった。【結論】同室者の干渉は、中途覚醒については認められず、お互いの睡眠を妨害することは少ない一方で、夫婦同士による見守りでは、不十分であった。センシングデータ、観察等の統合により、在宅環境における現状把握のためのさらなる調査が必要である。研究報告Report

Genome evolution in the allotetraploid frog Xenopus laevis

To explore the origins and consequences of tetraploidy in the African clawed frog, we sequenced the Xenopus laevis genome and compared it to the related diploid X. tropicalis genome. We characterize the allotetraploid origin of X. laevis by partitioning its genome into two homoeologous subgenomes, marked by distinct families of ???fossil??? transposable elements. On the basis of the activity of these elements and the age of hundreds of unitary pseudogenes, we estimate that the two diploid progenitor species diverged around 34 million years ago (Ma) and combined to form an allotetraploid around 17-18 Ma. More than 56% of all genes were retained in two homoeologous copies. Protein function, gene expression, and the amount of conserved flanking sequence all correlate with retention rates. The subgenomes have evolved asymmetrically, with one chromosome set more often preserving the ancestral state and the other experiencing more gene loss, deletion, rearrangement, and reduced gene expression.ope