羞恥表出者に対する観察者の行動および評価に関する研究 : 日常場面における観察者の行動生起プロセスの検討

内容の要約広島大学(Hiroshima University)博士(心理学)Philosophy in Psychologydoctora

The effect of embarrassed facial expressions on observer motive <Article>

This study had two purposes: first, we investigated whether the effect of embarrassed expressions on observer motive varied as a result of the situation that caused the embarrassment, and second, we investigated whether observer motive differed by type of embarrassed facial expression. Participants read scenarios in which a friend was either positively or negatively evaluated by a third person and the friend expressed one of four types of facial expression: three embarrassed and one neutral. Participants were then asked questions that explored their motive to act on behalf of themselves, on behalf of their friend, and to attempt to recover the disrupted social interaction. In order to examine whether the effect of embarrassed expression on observer motive varied according to the situation that resulted in the embarrassment and whether observer motive differed by type of facial expression, two-way ANOVAs, simple main effect analysis, and multiple comparisons were conducted Results revealed that the interactions of situation and facial expression type were significant on all observer motive. Moreover, there were significant differences in each observer motive between types of facial expression when the friend was positively evaluated; however, no such differences were found when the friend was evaluated negatively. These findings suggest that the effect of embarrassed facial expressions on observer motive is differed by the situation that caused the embarrassment, and that the effect of facial expressions on observer motive exist in only under conditions of positive evaluation

Differences in the Composition of Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time (APTT) Reagents Affect Clot Waveform Analysis

Background Clot waveform analysis (CWA) based on activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) is a useful assay for hemostasis. However, the effects of activators and phospholipid conditions on CWA have not been adequately investigated. Therefore, we characterized CWA using four different APTT reagents. Methods: We used 39 archived plasma samples from patients with hemophilia A (HA), 16 samples from patients with HA under emicizumab treatment, and 10 samples from healthy individuals for CWA with four different types of APTT reagents (reagents A, B, C, and D). We then compared Ad|min1|, Ad|min2|, and Ad|max2| from the CWA, which reflect the maximum velocity, maximum acceleration, and maximum deceleration, respectively, among the four reagents. Results: Similar clot waveform shapes were observed for each reagent in the healthy donor group, HA group, and HA under emicizumab group, and the waveform was different for each target group. Significant changes were found in clotting time (CT) (s), Ad|min1| (%/s), Ad|min2| (%/s2), and Ad|max2| (%/s2). The waveform pattern for the coagulation reaction by reagent D, comprising silica and synthetic phospholipids, was the fastest among the reagents examined. Further, the difference in Ad|min1| (%/s) and Ad|min2| (%/s2) was larger than that in CT depending on the reagent used(s), indicating that the measured value of CWA was affected by the reagent composition. Conclusion: Our results showed a significant difference among reagents with varying composition and concentration; this was found to affect the parameters obtained from CWA. Thus, the differences between reagents hinder standardization of quantitative evaluation using these parameters; further, this highlights the necessity of understanding the characteristics of APTT reagents and determining the reference range in individual facilities

Solid variant of aneurysmal bone cyst in the tibia treated with simple curettage without bone graft: a case report

The solid variant of aneurysmal bone cyst (solid ABC) is rarely encountered in long bones and appropriate treatment for this disease remains unclear. We experienced a 13-year-old boy suffering from pain in his left knee caused by solid ABC. Simple curettage of the bone lesion without any adjuvant therapy and a bone graft gave immediate pain relief. Histological examination of the surgical specimen showed typical features of solid ABC, and cycloxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression was confirmed in giant cells with a background of spindle cells by immunohistochemistry. Magnetic resonance imaging showed that soft tissue edema surrounding the lesion was improved two months after surgery and there was no indication of recurrence two years after surgery

Saari's homographic conjecture for planar equal-mass three-body problem under a strong force potential

Donald Saari conjectured that the $N$-body motion with constant configurational measure is a motion with fixed shape. Here, the configurational measure $\mu$ is a scale invariant product of the moment of inertia $I=\sum_k m_k |q_k|^2$ and the potential function $U=\sum_{i<j} m_i m_j/|q_i-q_j|^\alpha$, $\alpha >0$. Namely, $\mu = I^{\alpha/2}U$. We will show that this conjecture is true for planar equal-mass three-body problem under the strong force potential $\sum_{i<j} 1/|q_i-q_j|^2$

Graph cuts by using local texture features of wavelet coefficient for image segmentation

This paper proposes an approach to image segmentation us-ing Iterated Graph Cuts based on local texture features of wavelet coefficient. Using Multiresolution Analysis based on Haar Wavelet, low-frequency range (smoothed image) is used for n-link and high-frequency range (local texture features) is used for t-link along with color histogram. The proposed method can segment the object region with noisy edges and colors similar to the background, but heavy texture change. Experimental results illustrate the validity of our method

Cancer immunotherapy with surgery

With the recent advances in the immunological surveillance system, an understanding of the role of host immunity has become essential to the management of carcinogenesis, tumor proliferation, recurrence and metastasis. Although it is important to continue chemical and surgical treatment of cancer, support of the anti-tumor immune system of the host should also be considered. Long term remission has been reported in leukemia by treating with BCG after chemotherapy whereas surgical treatment is usually more effective in preventing cancer recurrence in digestive organ cancer. The first step is extirpating the tumor as thoroughly as possible and the second step is chemo-immunotherapy. Cancer immunity, however weak, constitutes the basis for other treatments in selectively attacking cancer cells remaining after surgery, chemotherapy or irradiation. Immunotherapy should thus not replace chemotherapy or radiotherapy, but these methods should be employed in combination to attain more favorable results.</p

キャッシュ・フロー計算書の作成

The preceding thesis, "An Overview on the Income Statement and Cash Flow - The relation between the profit and cash -", pointed out that depreciation and amortization are operating expenses that do not require cash outflows each year. Therefore, depreciation and amortization are often added to net income to give a simple approximation of cash from operations. Also in the preceding thesis an income statement for Ametek is used to illustrate the calculation of this technique. Although the technique is frequently used, it is not accurate. Perhaps worse still, it is not even inaccurate in a predictable way. I cannot say it is inaccurate because it gives an optimistic (too high), or a pessimistic(too low)estimate. Exhibit 1 lists cash from operations for a random sample of 50 Fortune 1,000 companies. Cash from operations is measured two ways: (1) as estimated from the income statement by adding back depreciation and amortization and (2) as calculated and presented in the statement of cash flows. Of these estimates 25 are too high and 25 are too low. For each company, I divided the difference between the two measures of cash flow by cash from operations, as shown in the statement of cash flows, to find the percentage difference between the two measures. Cash flows from operations estimated by adding depreciation and amortization expense to net income in my sample is off by an average difference of 92.28%, and as likely to be wrong on the high side as on the low side. For this reason, I recommend against any serious use of estimations made using this technique