Sheep and wheat domestication in southwest Asia: a meta-trajectory of intensification and loss.

• Biologists since Darwin considered domestication a model for the study of evolution; we argue that domestication may also be a model for the study of globalization. • The long-term history of wheat and sheep domestication exemplifies the intensification of relationships between humans and a small number of species native to southwest Asia, which includes long-term globalizing processes. • Specific indicators are offered for tracking the long-term globalization of sheep and wheat, with reference to production intensity, geographic diffusion, and diversity.Rottenstreich Fellowship of the Israel Council for Higher Education and the Newton International Fellowship of the British Academ

Games in the youth sport training

Hlavním cílem této práce je na základě teoretických východisek přiblížit problém využívání her ve sportovní přípravě dětí a mládeže. Dalším cílem je zjistit, jestli můžeme účelně rozvíjet určité dovednosti pomocí určených forem her a uvést příklady jednotlivých her. V práci vycházíme z odborné literatury a vědeckých prací. Zjistili jsme, že učení dovednostem může být efektivnější herní formou. Klíčová slova: Hra, implicitní učení, trénink, dětiThe aim of this work is to describe based on the theory ussing games in the youth sport training. The next object is to find out, if we can develop skills through games and give examples of games. The work is based on literature and researches. We found, that learning skills may be more effective using games. Keywords: Game, implicit learning, training, kidsPedagogika, psychologie a didaktikaFaculty of Physical Education and SportFakulta tělesné výchovy a sport

The rise and fall of viticulture in the Late Antique Negev Highlands reconstructed from archaeobotanical and ceramic data.

The international scope of the Mediterranean wine trade in Late Antiquity raises important questions concerning sustainability in an ancient international economy and offers a valuable historical precedent to modern globalization. Such questions involve the role of intercontinental commerce in maintaining sustainable production within important supply regions and the vulnerability of peripheral regions believed to have been especially sensitive to environmental and political disturbances. We provide archaeobotanical evidence from trash mounds at three sites in the central Negev Desert, Israel, unraveling the rise and fall of viticulture over the second to eighth centuries of the common era (CE). Using quantitative ceramic data obtained in the same archaeological contexts, we further investigate connections between Negev viticulture and circum-Mediterranean trade. Our findings demonstrate interrelated growth in viticulture and involvement in Mediterranean trade reaching what appears to be a commercial scale in the fourth to mid-sixth centuries. Following a mid-sixth century peak, decline of this system is evident in the mid- to late sixth century, nearly a century before the Islamic conquest. These findings closely correspond with other archaeological evidence for social, economic, and urban growth in the fourth century and decline centered on the mid-sixth century. Contracting markets were a likely proximate cause for the decline; possible triggers include climate change, plague, and wider sociopolitical developments. In long-term historical perspective, the unprecedented commercial florescence of the Late Antique Negev appears to have been unsustainable, reverting to an age-old pattern of smaller-scale settlement and survival-subsistence strategies within a time frame of about two centuries

A Journey to the West: The Ancient Dispersal of Rice Out of East Asia.

Funder: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human HistoryRice is one of the most culturally valued and widely grown crops in the world today, and extensive research over the past decade has clarified much of the narrative of its domestication and early spread across East and South Asia. However, the timing and routes of its dispersal into West Asia and Europe, through which rice eventually became an important ingredient in global cuisines, has remained less clear. In this article, we discuss the piecemeal, but growing, archaeobotanical data for rice in West Asia. We also integrate written sources, linguistic data, and ethnohistoric analogies, in order to better understand the adoption of rice outside its regions of origin. The human-mediated westward spread of rice proceeded gradually, while its social standing and culinary uses repeatedly changing over time and place. Rice was present in West Asia and Europe by the tail end of the first millennium BC, but did not become a significant crop in West Asia until the past few centuries. Complementary historical, linguistic, and archaeobotanical data illustrate two separate and roughly contemporaneous routes of westward dispersal, one along the South Asian coast and the other through Silk Road trade. By better understanding the adoption of this water-demanding crop in the arid regions of West Asia, we explore an important chapter in human adaptation and agricultural decision making

DNA methylation profiling identifies epigenetic dysregulation in pancreatic islets from type 2 diabetic patients

The first genome-scale DNA methylation study on pancreatic islets from type 2 diabetic patients identifies disease-associated DNA methylation pattern that translate into aberrant gene expression in novel factors relevant for β-cell function and survival

Les Houches 2013: Physics at TeV Colliders: Standard Model Working Group Report

This Report summarizes the proceedings of the 2013 Les Houches workshop on Physics at TeV Colliders. Session 1 dealt primarily with (1) the techniques for calculating standard model multi-leg NLO and NNLO QCD and NLO EW cross sections and (2) the comparison of those cross sections with LHC data from Run 1, and projections for future measurements in Run 2.Comment: Proceedings of the Standard Model Working Group of the 2013 Les Houches Workshop, Physics at TeV Colliders, Les houches 3-21 June 2013. 200 page

Interculturalidad y educación desde el sur: Contextos, experiencias y voces

Interculturalidad y educación desde el Sur. Contextos, experiencias y voces es un libro colectivo que corona once trabajos de investigación realizados por diecisiete autores con diferentes adscripciones institucionales que se articulan a través de grupos de trabajo latinoamericanos en torno al debate actual sobre la Interculturalidad y Educación. Y con ello obligan al lector a pensar simultáneamente en un conjunto de movimientos o desplazamientos teórico-conceptuales, en el despliegue de posicionamientos éticos, filosóficos, políticos y jurídicos, y en el desarrollo de metodologías de investigación novedosas, que nos posibiliten revelar y actuar sobre una diversidad de experiencias, modelos y programas que buscan potenciar los procesos interculturales en el Sur. La obra en su conjunto es un aporte a la creciente producción bibliográfica que se genera en la última década desde la perspectiva crítica de Latinoamérica