TAXONOMY OF SOCIAL WASPS OF THE POLlSTINE TRIBE ROPALlDIINI (HYMENOPTERA: VESPIDAE) IN THE EASTERN PART OF THE LESSER SUNDA ISLANDS

The taxonomy of social wasps of the poiistine tribe Ropalidiini in the eastern part of ti,e Lesser Sunda Islands (viz., Sumba, Flores and Timor as included major islands) was studied based mainly on specimens recently collected by ourselves and those deposited in the Museum Zoologicum Bogoriense, Bogor. Parapolybia varia (Fabricius) and 11 species of Ropalictia are recognized ill tile region and their faunal characteristics are discussed. Nomenclatural changes included are: synonymy of Ropalidia laticincta floresinana van der vecht, 1962 underR. laticincta van der vecht, 1962; synonymies of Icaria nigroplagiata Cameron, 1900, R. mathematica binotata uau der vecin, 1941 and R. mathematica sumbaensis van der vecht, 1962, all under R. mathematica(Smith: 1860); revised status of R. socialis trimarulata van der vecht, 1962, and R. variegata dichrorna van der vecht, 1941, both being raised to species milk. New locality records are R. cyathiformis from Lombok and Flores Islallds, R. laticincta from Sobu (or Sawu) Island, R. rufoplagiata (Cameron) from Timor Island, and R. javanica van der vecht from Sumbawa island.Key words: Hymenoptera, Vespidae, Polistinae, Ropalidiini, distribution, Indonesia, synonym

Methods for Monitoring Matrix-Induced Autophagy.

A growing body of research demonstrates modulation of autophagy by a variety of matrix constituents, including decorin, endorepellin, and endostatin. These matrix proteins are both pro-autophagic and anti-angiogenic. Here, we detail a series of methods to monitor matrix-induced autophagy and its concurrent effects on angiogenesis. We first discuss cloning and purifying proteoglycan fragment and core proteins in the laboratory and review relevant techniques spanning from cell culture to treatment with these purified proteoglycans in vitro and ex vivo. Further, we cover protocols in monitoring autophagic progression via morphological and microscopic characterization, biochemical western blot analysis, and signaling pathway investigation. Downstream angiogenic effects using in vivo approaches are then discussed using wild-type mice and the GFP-LC3 transgenic mouse model. Finally, we explore matrix-induced mitophagy via monitoring changes in mitochondrial DNA and permeability

Eustenogaster gibbosa Starr

Eustenogaster gibbosa Starr & van der Vecht, 2006 Eustenogaster gibbosa Starr and van der Vecht, in Hashim et al. 2006: 291. Eustenogaster gibbosa can be easily distinguished from any other known species of the genus by the presence of a prominent transverse impression of the second tergum that separates the strongly swollen posterior twofifths from the anterior weakly swollen part of the tergum (Fig. 33). Aside from the such impression, this species has features similar to that of E. calyptodoma, but can be distinguished from the latter by the combination of the following characters: female clypeus finely and sparsely punctate, with extreme apex pointed (Fig. 32); female supraclypeal area with median impunctate area much larger than anterior ocellus; male clypeus with hairs sparser than in E. calyptodoma; aedeagus medially with lateral projection (Fig. 59 G), with slightly larger serration at proximal margin of penis valve. The gena is entirely black, and yellow markings on the female clypeus and supraclypeal area are smaller (Fig. 57) than in E. calyptodoma. Female. Body length (head + mesosoma + first two terga) 18–20 mm; forewing length 13.5–15 mm. Male. Body length (head + mesosoma + first two terga) 17–18 mm; forewing length 13.5–14.5 mm. The specimens from the Mentawai Islands are much darker colored as follows (see also Hashim et al. 2006). Coloration of specimens from the Mentawai Islands: Features given in square brackets are for the specimens from other localities. Body shiny black, with yellow markings as follows: paired lateral spots and apical spot on clypeus (sometimes absent), spot below antennal socket [clypeus and supraclypeal area yellow, only with median dark line], small spot at posterodorsal corner of pronotum [broad band, interrupted medially], paired lateral spots on metanotum (sometimes absent) [anterior band], small posterodorsal spots on propodeum (usually absent) [dorsolateral longitudinal bands], paired lateral spots on second tergum [anterior band, sometimes interrupted medially and paired lateral spots on second tergum] and on second and third sterna, paired anterior bands on third tergum [paired anterolateral bands or spots on third to fifth terga]. Legs dark brown; fore tibia sometimes with yellow spot on outer side [following parts yellow: fore leg: lateral side of femur, tibia and tarsus; mid leg: lateral side of tibia and basal half of first tarsomere, small spot on coxa; hind leg: small spots at base and apex of tibia, basal small spot at base of first tarsomere, paired spots on coxa]. Wings semihyaline, brown, and darker along anterior margin of forewing; veins dark brown. Material examined. Malaysia: Peninsular Malaysia: 1 Ψ (RMNH), Perlis, Bukit Bintang, For. Res. (Kangar), 23.ii. 1963, MAL; Borneo; 1 Ψ (IUNH), South East Sabah, nr Danum Valley Field C., c. 150m, Mal. trap 5, 19.iii – 19.vi. 1988, CvA & T. Burghouts. Indonesia: Mentawai Is.: 1 Ψ (MNN), Siberut Island, ix. 1924, B. Kloss & N. Smedley; 4 Ψ (SKYC), Mentawai Is., Palu Sipora, nr. Baribanua Pasir, 1.viii. 1985, SkY & SôY; Bangka Is.: 1 Ψ (RMNH), 450m, Mt. Menoembing, 11.xi. 1939, JvdV; Riouw-Archpelago: 1 ɗ (MZB), Doerian, xi. 1923, Dammerman; Java: West Java: 1 Ψ (RMNH), 6–800m, Djampang Tengah, G. [= Mt.] Tjisoeroe, iii. 1933, MEW, misit; 1 Ψ (MZB), Palaboean Ratoe, xii. 1936, Tjisolok & F Dupont; 2 Ψ 4 ɗ, 100m, Dungus Iwul, [1 Ψ (RMNH), 4.xi. 1952, AMRW; 1 Ψ (RMNH), 14.xii. 1952, MAL; 2 ɗ (RMNH), 2.xii. 1952, MAL; 1 ɗ (MZB), 2.xii. 1952, Leg. manis; 1 ɗ (MZB), 30.ix. 1964, MaehFiidz]; Kalimantan: East Kalimantan: 1 Ψ (MZB), 125m, TaBang, Bengen River, 11.x. 1956, AMRW; 2 Ψ 1 ɗ (MZB), 01°02’S, 117 °02’E, 38km, Wanarise Res. St. 60m, Kutai, Samboja, N. Balikpapan, malaise trap, DCD, RU & Sutrisno, [1 Ψ, vi. 1992, IIS 920204; 1 Ψ, 1983, vi. 1992, IIS 920200; 1 ɗ, 1983, iv. 1992, IIS 920154]; 1 Ψ (MZB), 02° 52 ’S, 115 ° 49 ’E, Pujungan, Kayan-Mentarang, Reg. L Alango, along Bahau R., rice paddy–sawah, malaise trap, iv. 1993, DCD & RU; 1 Ψ 3 ɗ (NIAES), Bukit Soeharto, 13–17.iii. 1994, KM & KK; West Kalimantan: 1 Ψ (MZB), 01° 25 ’S – 01° 50 ’S, 108 ° 40 ’– 109 ° 10 ’E, 350m, Karimata Island Nat., Ketapang Res, General Collections, Closed canopy, ii. 1991, IIS 910040, per Sutrisno Djenal. Locality unknown: 2 Ψ (RMNH), Museum Leiden, iv. 1935, MEW. Distribution: Malaysia: Peninsular Malaysia, Borneo; Singapore; Indonesia: Kalimantan, Sumatra, Mentawai Is., Kurakatau, Java, Bangka Is.Published as part of Saito, Fuki & Kojima, Jun-Ichi, 2007, A taxonomic revision of the hover wasp genus Eustenogaster van der Vecht (Insecta: Hymenoptera; Vespidae, Stenogastrinae), pp. 1-30 in Zootaxa 1556 on pages 22-23, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17824

Eustenogaster fumipennis Saito, sp. nov.

Eustenogaster fumipennis Saito, sp. nov. This species is known only from the female and is similar to E. calyptodoma, but it can be distinguished from E. calyptodoma by the combination of the following characters: body size larger than E. calyptodoma; extreme apex of clypeus pointed (Fig. 26 vs. truncate in E. calyptodoma, Fig. 21); mid-tooth of mandible rounded apically (Fig. 27 vs. Fig. 22 in E. calyptodoma); frons covered with dense, long hairs; sixth metasomal tergum with sharp spine and wide flat area in front of the spine (Fig. 28); bright markings reduced (see below). Female. Body length (head + mesosoma + first two terga) 18.5–20 mm (holotype: about 19.5 mm); forewing length 14.5–15.5 mm (holotype: about 15.0 mm). Anterior ocellus about 1.2 times larger in width than posterior ocellus (Fig. 29); distance between anterior and posterior ocelli shorter than diameter of posterior ocellus; distance between posterior ocelli about equal to their diameter. First metasomal tergum narrow and long (7.5–8.5 mm long), about 6.3 times longer than its maximum height and about 4.8 times longer than the maximum width; second tergum in dorsal view longer than wide (Fig. 30). Color: Body shiny black; bright markings reduced and restricted to the following parts: spot below antennal socket (Fig. 57), paired small lateral spot on clypeus (sometimes absent), small spot at posterodorsal corner of pronotum, paired lateral spots on metanotum (sometimes absent), paired posterior spots on propodeum (Fig. 31), all yellow; second metasomal tergum with very small, yellow or pale-brown lateral spots. Legs dark brown; fore tibia with variable-sized lateral yellow spot. Wings semihyaline, smoky brown, darker along anterior margin of forewing; veins dark brown. Male. Unknown. Type material: Holotype female (deposited in AMNH) labeled, “Antique: Alojipan, Culasi, 20 –xii 1982, Starr & Godoy, Nest series No. 591 ” and “GM”. Paratypes: The Philippines: Panay Island: 4 Ψ (IUNH), Alojipan, Culasi, Antique, 16.xii. 1982, CKS, [1 Ψ, Nest series No. 553; 1 Ψ, Nest series No. 555; 2 Ψ, Nest series No. 556]. Distribution: Philippines: Panay. Etymology. The specific name fumipennis is based on van der Vecht’s manuscript name. This is a compound name formed with a masculine Latin noun, fumi (= smoke) and a feminine Latin noun, pennis (= feather), to refer to the dark-colored wings of this species.Published as part of Saito, Fuki & Kojima, Jun-Ichi, 2007, A taxonomic revision of the hover wasp genus Eustenogaster van der Vecht (Insecta: Hymenoptera; Vespidae, Stenogastrinae), pp. 1-30 in Zootaxa 1556 on pages 21-22, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17824

Eustenogaster latebricola Saito, sp. nov.

Eustenogaster latebricola Saito, sp. nov. This species is most closely similar to E. micans, but can be distinguished from the latter by the combination of the following characters: in both sexes, body larger (see below), second metasomal tergum more strongly convex dorsally (Figs. 39, 40), spots in eye emargination and beside top of eye absent; in female, clypeus convex, median impunctate apical ridge (Fig. 41) more prominent than in E. micans, frons clearly demarcated from clypeus by suture, clypeus and supraclypeal area yellow, only with narrow median dark line (Fig. 58); in male, clypeus less hairy, supraclypeal area less concave, volsella medially with stout spine (Fig. 59 V), and penis valves prominently serrated ventroapically (Fig. 48). Female. Body length (head + mesosoma + first two metasomal segments) 18–21 mm (holotype: 18.5 mm); forewing length 15–16 mm (holotype: 15.5 mm). Head in frontal view (Fig. 41) about as wide as high. Eye in lateral view (Fig. 42) with maximum width about 3.5 times as wide as that of gena. Anterior ocellus about 1.5 times larger in width than posterior ocellus (Fig. 43); distance between anterior and posterior ocelli shorter than diameter of posterior ocellus; posterior ocelli separated from each other by distance about equal to their diameter. Pronotum posterolaterally with fine punctures, dorsolaterally with deep furrows behind pronotal collar (Fig. 44); lateral furrow present, ending posteriorly before humeral tubercle. Scutum densely punctate. Scutellum densely punctate, covered with dense hairs. Metanotum convex, hairy, with shallow punctures. Mesepisternum hairy, with fine, shallow punctures. Propodeum without punctures, posterodorsally covered with long hairs. First metasomal tergum narrow and long (7.9–8.8 mm long, Fig. 45), about 6.5 times as long as its maximum height, about 6.8 times longer than the maximum width. Sixth metasomal tergum posteriorly with prominent spine. Male. Body length (head + mesosoma + first two metasomal segments) 17.5–19.5 mm; forewing length 14–15 mm. Similar to female, but head in frontal view (Fig. 46) broader, about 1.1 times as wide as high; eye enlarged, in lateral view strongly swollen in ventral half (Fig. 47), with maximum width about 6.0 times as wide as that of gena. Type material: Holotype female (deposited in the RMNH) labeled “S. Sumatra, 250 m., Res. Benkoelen, Mocara Tenam, 4–14.vii., ME Walsh leg. 1935 ”, “Museum Leiden, excoll. J.v.d.Vecht” and “ Holotype ”. Paratypes: Thailand: 1 Ψ (GMNH), 6 ° 41 ’N, 100 ° 11 ’E, 200m, 30km NE Satun, Thaleban N.P., 26.vii. 1986, R. Hensen. Malaysia: Peninsular Malaysia: 1 Ψ (RMNH), Malaya, Kuala Sleh., 23.i. 1947, HTP; 1 ɗ (RMNH), Mt. Kluang, 500m, Johore, 5km east of Lembak, 29.vii. 1972, JvdV; Borneo: Sabah: 1 Ψ (RMNH), SE Sabah near Danum Valley Field C, 200m, 14–19.iii. 1987, CvA; 1 ɗ (SKYC), Danum Valley, 9.xi. 1996, K. Eguchi; Sarawak: 1 Ψ (SKYC), Mulu, 30.viii. 1983, fl:Leea; 1 ɗ (SKYC), Kubah NP, 5.xii. 1993, SkY. Indonesia: Sumatra: Ache: 1 ɗ (RMNH), Babahrot, 15.ii. 1983, Klapperich; Lampungs: 1 Ψ (MZB), Wai Lima Z Sum., xi–xii. 1921, Karny & Siebers; 5 ɗ (MZB), Way Kambas, [3 ɗ, 7.ii. 1972, Duelaer; 1 ɗ, 7.ii. 1972, S. Adisoemarto; 1 ɗ, 10.ii. 1972, Dulbear]; 1 ɗ (MZB), 1000m, Mt. Tanggamoes, Giesing, xii. 1934, MAL & Toxopeus; South Sumatra: 1 Ψ (RMNH), 250m, Res. Benkoelen, Mocera Tenam, 4–14.vii. 1935, MEW; 1 ɗ (RMNH), Bergen Est., 150m, 28.iii. 1937, JvdV; West Sumatra: 1 ɗ (RMNH), Anei Kloof, 500m, 1926, EJ; 2 ɗ (SKYC), Sako, near Tapan, 4–5.ix. 1985, SkY; Bangka Is.: 2 ɗ (RMNH), Bangka Troe, i. xii. 1935, JvdV; Rakata Is.: 2 Ψ (MZB), 15.vii. 1982, SkY; Kalimantan: East Kalimantan: 1 Ψ (MZB), Midden, 11.xi. 1925, H.C. Siebers; 1 Ψ (GMNH), Buttun Point, 300ft., vi. 1937, K.M. Walsh; 1 Ψ (MZB), 50m, Wain River, Balikpapan, xi. 1950, AMRW; 2 ɗ (1 ɗ, RMNH; 1 ɗ, MZB), 50m, Mentawir River, Balikpapan, x. 1950, AMRW; 6 Ψ 5 ɗ, 125m, Bengen River, Tabang, AMRW [1 Ψ (RMNH), 3.ix. 1956; 2 ɗ (RMNH), 4.ix. 1956; 1 ɗ (RMNH), 5.ix. 1956; 1 ɗ (RMNH), 11.ix. 1956; 1 Ψ (RMNH), 28.ix. 1956; 2 Ψ (1 Ψ, MZB; 1 Ψ, RMNH), 21.x. 1956; 1 Ψ 1 ɗ (1 Ψ, RMNH; 1 ɗ, MZB), 22.x. 1956; 1 Ψ (RMNH), 28.x. 1956]; 2 Ψ 1 ɗ (MZB), 00° 42 ’S, 117 °00’E, 60m, 60km, Bukit Soehart, S. Samarinda, Malayse trap, riparian, DCD & RU [1 Ψ 1 ɗ, xi. 1993; 1 ɗ, xii. 1993]. Distribution: Thailand; Indonesia: Sumatra, Bangka Is., Kurakatau Is., Java, Kalimantan. Malaysia: Peninsular Malaysia, Sabah. Etymology. The specific name, latebricola, is a complex name formed with a Latin adjective, latus (= broad), and a feminine Latin noun, bricola (= wine-vessel). The name is a manuscript name by van der Vecht, who may have given this name to the wasp to refer to the shape of its nest. We, however, tried in vain to locate the nest(s) with their owner wasps that van der Vecht mentioned in his personal, unpublished notes.Published as part of Saito, Fuki & Kojima, Jun-Ichi, 2007, A taxonomic revision of the hover wasp genus Eustenogaster van der Vecht (Insecta: Hymenoptera; Vespidae, Stenogastrinae), pp. 1-30 in Zootaxa 1556 on pages 25-26, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17824

FIGURES 46 – 49. 46 – 48 in A taxonomic revision of the hover wasp genus Eustenogaster van der Vecht (Insecta: Hymenoptera; Vespidae, Stenogastrinae)

FIGURES 46 – 49. 46 – 48, Eustenogaster latebricola Saito, sp. nov., male paratype. 49, E. eximia, female. 46 – 47, head; 46, frontal view and 47, lateral view. 48, ventroapical part of penis valve of aedeagus. 49, scutellum (SCL) and metanotum (MN) in lateral view. Scale bars show 1 mm except for fig. 48

Polistes chinensis Fabricius 1793

Polistes chinensis Fabricius 1793 [Polistes (Polistes) chinensis Fabricius 1793] Sonan (1943: 474) recorded this species from Heichin, Kozan (in Shinchiku-gun), Rokki (in Heito-gun), Sansei (in Rato-gun), Taihoku, Tamazato (Karenkou), and Yûsho.Published as part of Kojima, Jun-Ichi, Saito, Fuki & Nguyen, Lien Thi Phuong, 2011, On the species-group taxa of Taiwanese social wasps (Hymenoptera: Vespidae) described and / or treated by J. Sonan, pp. 42-64 in Zootaxa 2920 on page 51, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.20180

Vespa analis Fabricius

Vespa analis Fabricius Vespa analis Fabricius 1775: 363; Starr, 1992: 103. Vespa nigrans du Buysson: Sonan 1929: 141 –142.Published as part of Kojima, Jun-Ichi, Saito, Fuki & Nguyen, Lien Thi Phuong, 2011, On the species-group taxa of Taiwanese social wasps (Hymenoptera: Vespidae) described and / or treated by J. Sonan, pp. 42-64 in Zootaxa 2920 on page 46, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.20180

Icaria variegata Smith 1852

Icaria variegata (Smith 1852) [Ropalidia fasciata (Fabricius 1804)] Sonan (1927: 122), without giving any locality record, listed “ Epipona variegata Smith ”, “ Icaria picta Sauss. ” and “ Icaria ferruginea Matsumura (nec Fabricius)” as synonyms of Icaria variegata, and mentioned that this species could be distinguished from I. ferruginea by having paired yellow lateral spots on the second metasomal segment. Sonan (1935 a: 199) listed, as synonyms, “ Epipona variegata Smith, 1852 [1852 c]”, “ Icaria variegata Smith ” of de Saussure (1853), Smith (1857), Dalla Torre (1894, 1904), and Bingham (1897), “ Ropalidia variegata ” of Bequaert (1918) and Yano (1932), “ Icaria picta de Saussure” of de Saussure (1854) and Kuroiwa (1926), “ Icaria pendula Smith, 1857 ”, and “ Icaria ferruginea ” of Matsumura (1908, 1910), Kuroiwa (1908) and Matsumura & Uchida (1926). Sonan (1935 a) mentioned that this species was common in Formosa (= Taiwan) and Okinawa, and recorded the following localities in Taiwan: Batoran (Karenko), Choshu, Heito, Kagi, Koshun, Kotosho (Botel-Tobago), Nanto, Raisha, Rokki, Sankaikeki, Shinchiku, Taihoku, Tainan, Taito and Urai.Published as part of Kojima, Jun-Ichi, Saito, Fuki & Nguyen, Lien Thi Phuong, 2011, On the species-group taxa of Taiwanese social wasps (Hymenoptera: Vespidae) described and / or treated by J. Sonan, pp. 42-64 in Zootaxa 2920 on page 51, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.20180