The Evolution of \u3ci\u3eYuzen\u3c/i\u3e-dyeing Techniques and Designs after the Meiji Restoration

This paper will explore how the introduction of chemical dyes to Japan influenced the technique and designs of yuzen dyeing. Yuzen-zome, a resist-dyeing technique in which freehand designs were created with multiple colors, developed during the mid-Edo period, at the end of the 17th or beginning of the 18th century. The technique allowed for the creation of large pictorial images, unburdened by the repetitive patterns that characterize most textile techniques. It revolutionized kosode decoration. Traditional yuzen-zome was a true handcraft, extremely labor intensive and, as a result, very expensive. Only the wealthy could afford kosode patterned in this method. As the technique gained in popularity, labor-cutting and cost-cutting methods, such as the use of stencils, were developed to make yuzen-dyed robes more widely available. By the early 19th century, designs became standardized and there was little variety. The introduction of chemical dyes by the middle of the 19th century brought about a renaissance in yuzen dyeing, making more complex designs possible while, at the same time, decreasing the amount of time needed to create them. Two developments that changed the character of yuzen-dyed textiles of the Meiji era will be discussed in this paper: kata-yuzen, a stencil technique in which dye and paste are applied at the same time, and the use of Japanese artists to create designs for yuzen dyers to follow. The first technique was an evolution of the stencilresist technique. The newly introduced chemical dyes could be mixed with a starch resist paste and both applied through a stencil at the same time, thus combining two steps into one. It sped up the process and allowed for very precise, complex designs to be achieved. The second change brought about during the Meiji period was the growing use of artists to create yuzen designs. Many painters, whose work was considered old fashioned and not modern enough for the Meiji rulers, sought work in the textile industry. The artists revitalized the late Edo-period designs and introduced more realistic patterns. This paper will examine the designs introduced by artists and their impact on kimono decoration

Monitoring System for Farming Operations with Wearable Devices Utilized Sensor Networks

In order to automatically monitor farmers’ activities, we propose a farm operation monitoring system using “Field Servers” and a wearable device equipped with an RFID reader and motion sensors. Our proposed system helps in recognizing farming operations by analyzing the data from the sensors and detected RFID tags that are attached to various objects such as farming materials, facilities, and machinery. This method can be applied to various situations without changing the conventional system. Moreover, this system provides useful information in real-time and controls specific machines in a coordinated manner on the basis of recognized operation

The Evolution of \u3ci\u3eYuzen\u3c/i\u3e-dyeing Techniques and Designs after the Meiji Restoration

This paper will explore how the introduction of chemical dyes to Japan influenced the technique and designs of yuzen dyeing. Yuzen-zome, a resist-dyeing technique in which freehand designs were created with multiple colors, developed during the mid-Edo period, at the end of the 17th or beginning of the 18th century. The technique allowed for the creation of large pictorial images, unburdened by the repetitive patterns that characterize most textile techniques. It revolutionized kosode decoration. Traditional yuzen-zome was a true handcraft, extremely labor intensive and, as a result, very expensive. Only the wealthy could afford kosode patterned in this method. As the technique gained in popularity, labor-cutting and cost-cutting methods, such as the use of stencils, were developed to make yuzen-dyed robes more widely available. By the early 19th century, designs became standardized and there was little variety. The introduction of chemical dyes by the middle of the 19th century brought about a renaissance in yuzen dyeing, making more complex designs possible while, at the same time, decreasing the amount of time needed to create them. Two developments that changed the character of yuzen-dyed textiles of the Meiji era will be discussed in this paper: kata-yuzen, a stencil technique in which dye and paste are applied at the same time, and the use of Japanese artists to create designs for yuzen dyers to follow. The first technique was an evolution of the stencilresist technique. The newly introduced chemical dyes could be mixed with a starch resist paste and both applied through a stencil at the same time, thus combining two steps into one. It sped up the process and allowed for very precise, complex designs to be achieved. The second change brought about during the Meiji period was the growing use of artists to create yuzen designs. Many painters, whose work was considered old fashioned and not modern enough for the Meiji rulers, sought work in the textile industry. The artists revitalized the late Edo-period designs and introduced more realistic patterns. This paper will examine the designs introduced by artists and their impact on kimono decoration

Perplexing dynamics of Wolbachia proteins for cytoplasmic incompatibility

The mechanism of symbiont-induced cytoplasmic incompatibility (CI) has been a long-standing mystery. A new study on Wolbachia's Cif proteins in PLOS Biology provides supportive evidence for the "Host modification model, " although the alternative "Toxin-antidote model" is still in the running

Single time pixel imaging enabled by repurposing optoelectronic devices

One-time readout temporal ghost imaging is attempted by utilizing optoelectronic devices that are not originally intended for signal photon detection purposes and as such slow by design. A visible light-emitting diode having a response time $\tau$=0.036 ms and a solar cell with $\tau$=3.1ms are used to retrieve a rectangular pulse train, which is otherwise rounded with significant overlapping, in the image of a temporal mask simply by capturing data once at a selected single time effective operation duration are discussed

ROXY-index Analysis of Urbanization and Suburbanization in 1947-95: For the Railway-line Regions of the Three Largest Metropolitan Areas in Japan

This　paper　analyzes　the　intra－metropolitan　urbanization　and　suburbanization　processes，　during　the　period between　1947　and　1995，　fbr　various　railway－line　regions　in　each　of　the　three　largest　metropohtan　areas　of Japan（’．e．，　Tokyo，　Osaka　and　Nagoya）．　Through　this　investigation　of　the　spatial　redistribution　pattems of　population　by　means　of　the　spatial－cycle　concept　and　the　ROXY－index　method，　we　have　fbund　that　the Klaassen　spatial－cycle　hypothesis　seems　to　be　working　reasonably　welhn　its　description　of　the　intrametropolitan 　spatial　shifts　in　the　process　of　urbanization，　suburbanization，　and　possible　revivedurbanization 　within　the　three　largest　metropolitan　areas　in　Japan，　We　have　also　f（）und　that　some　basic characteristics　of　the　urban　demographic　dynamism　for　the　three　metropolitan　areas　in　Japan　are　as follows：（1）For　the　Osaka　Metropolitan　area，　all　of　the　railway－line　regions　have　followed　almost　the　same spatial－cycle　paths　as　all　of　those　in　the　Tokyo　metropolitan　area　with　approximately　a　ten　year　delay　until the　period　1990－95（with　the　one　exception　of　the　Sanyo。1ine　region），　while　fbr　the　Nagoya　Metropolitan area，　all　of　the　railway－line　regions　have　fbllowed　almost　the　same　spatial－cycle　paths　as　all　of　those　in　the Tokyo　metropolitan　area　with　approximately　a　fifteen　year　delay　until　the　period　1990－95．（2）Since　the railway－1ine　regions　in　the　Tokyo　metropolitan　area　seem　likely　to　arrive　at　the　stage　of　accelerating urbanization　before　too　long，　there　is　a　high　possibility　that　the　railway－line　regions　in　the　Osaka metropolitan　area　will　also　reach　the　stage　of　accelerating　urbanization　with　approximately　a　ten　year delay，　while　the　Nagoya　metropolitan　area　will　also　reach　the　same　stage　with　approximately　a　fifteen　year delay　as　compared　with　the　railway－line　regions　in　the　Tokyo　metropolitan　area