幼児の交互交代行動に及ぼすゲームの難易度の効果

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of the degree of difficulty of a game on preschoolers turn-taking behavior. In all, 38 pairs of same-age 4-, 5-year-old children were requested to play a fishing game. They were divided into two groups; the easy game situation and the difficult game situation. In these situations only one fishing pole was available for the game. The entire process lasting ten minutes was videotaped. The main results showed that the degree of difficulty of a game effected the criteria and the leader of the turn-taking behavior. Children in the difficult situation used the more various criteria than those in the easy situation. In the difficult situation the waiting child leaded the turn-taking behavior more than the fishing child. And the conflict was resulting a lot in the difficult situation. Children negotiated using both language and action in the conflict situation. These findings suggested that there is a limit in the self-control ability of preschool children

子どもの仲間関係研究の動向と展望

The researches concerning the children\u27s peer relations were reviewed and discussed in this articles. First the researches of the social problem solving and the social information processing were introduced. They tried to verify the Dodge\u27s model of social information processing. The recent studies suggested that the aspect of the emotion and the motivation was added to the model. Second the researches of the interpersonal negotiation and the social interaction were introduced. For preschool children the social interaction is very important to examine the development of their peer relations. Further studies are necessary for the paradigm to find a better way for analyzing children\u27s interaction according to many kinds of situations. Third the relation between the friendship and the interaction was discussed. The peer relations of the elementary school children are fixed more than those of the preschoolers. And the recent research reported that the status of sociometry were fixed among preschool children. Therefore it is concluded that the friendship should be differentiated from the peer interaction

青年期の友人関係における社会的スキル : きょうだい関係との関連

The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of the sibling relationship on the adolescents\u27 social skills in friendship. One hundred and seventy-seven undergraduate students were asked to complete a questionnaire regarding their sibling relationship and their social skills in friendship. Their sibling relationship was categorized eight types; close, intimate, hostile, dominate, intimate-hostile, intimate-dominate, hostile-dominate, separate. The result showed that the students have hostile and dominate sibling relationship scored lower in the social skill questionnaire than the other students. This result suggested that the students\u27 social skill in friendship related to the sibling relationship. And it was suggested that the single type of sibling relationship disturbed the learning of social skills in friendship

女子短大生の子ども観と情動的共感性との関連

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between the perception toward preschool children and the emotional empathy of female college students. Female college students responded to a questionnaire asking about the perception toward children and the emotional empathy. The scale of the emotional empathy was consisted of three subscales; emotional-warmth, emotional-coolness, and emotional-susceptibility. The results showed that the empathy-warmth was higher in the students who have the positive image of children than in those who have the negative image of children. And the result about the empathy-coolness indicated the reverse tendency. These results indicated that students\u27 perception of children related with the emotional empathy

子どもと大学生のコミュニケーション : コミュニケーションスキルに関する認識の変化を中心に

The purpose of this study was to investigate the communication between children and female college students. Female college students responded to a questionnaire asking about the recognition of children, the communication skills with them and the confidence of communication with them before and after the observing practice. The results showed that their recognition of communication skills changed after the observing practice. This result indicated that the observing practice effects on the students\u27 recognition of communication skills. Furthermore the individual differences of the effects of the observing practice were examined and the types of change of the image of children and the recognition of the communication skills were found

幼児の交互交代行動と出生順位

The purpose of the present study was to explore the effects of the birth order on the turn-taking behavior in preschool children. The subjects were 50 four-and five-year-old children in preschool. The half of the children was the elderly and another half children were the youngest in their siblings. At the beginning the elderly child and the youngest child were paired. Then they were requested to play a fishing game together. In this situation only one fishing pole was available for the game. The entire process lasting ten minutes was videotaped. The results indicated that the elderly children tended to give a pole and get it at the turn-taking situation as a leader more than the youngest one. And during the waiting time the youngest children didn\u27t necessary capture the pole more than the elderly one. These results suggested that the elderly children didn\u27t always inhibit their intention

「幼児の観察実習」が女子短大生の子ども観におよぼす影響

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of observing practices on the perception of female college students towards preschool children. Female college students responded to a questionnaire asking about the perception of children and the communication skills with children and the confidence of communication with them before and after observing practices. They were divided into three groups; (1) high-confidence group that participated in observing practices and have confidence of communicating with children, (2) low-confidence group that participated in it but do not have it and, (3) control group that did not participate in it. The results showed that the perception of all groups towards children did not change after observing practices. But the high-confidence students acquired their knowledge of communication skills after it. These results indicated that the observing practices effects on the students\u27 knowledge of communication skills and the effects depend on students\u27 confidence of communicating with children

幼児の自己主張性と遊びの嗜好との関連

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship the degree of self-assertion and the preference of play in preschool children. The subjects were 30 3-year-old, 56 4-year-old, 58 5-year-old preschool children. First they were asked about their preference of play. They were showed the pictures of four kinds of play, including two kinds of active and non active play and two kinds of individual play and group play. They were asked to arrange them to a favorite order. Next they were asked whether they assert to their peer in the conflict situation or not. The main results showed that the children of high self-assertion group preferred ONIGOKKO more than those of low self-assertion group and the children of low self-assertion group preferred NAWATOBI more than those of high self-assertion group. But the relationship between the preference of their active play and the degree of self-assertion was not found. These findings suggested that the group play was important to develop the self-assertion abilities