Derivation of globally averaged lunar heat flow from the local heat flow values and the Thorium distribution at the surface: expected improvement by the LUNAR-A Mission

The relationship between the Th abundance and the heat flow data of the Apollo sites and the LUANR-A sites, where the Th concentrations are in the wide range from 1 ppm to 6 ppm, will allow for a more precise estimation of the averaged heat flow value

Research and development at ORNL/CESAR towards cooperating robotic systems for hazardous environments

One of the frontiers in intelligent machine research is the understanding of how constructive cooperation among multiple autonomous agents can be effected. The effort at the Center for Engineering Systems Advanced Research (CESAR) at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) focuses on two problem areas: (1) cooperation by multiple mobile robots in dynamic, incompletely known environments; and (2) cooperating robotic manipulators. Particular emphasis is placed on experimental evaluation of research and developments using the CESAR robot system testbeds, including three mobile robots, and a seven-axis, kinematically redundant mobile manipulator. This paper summarizes initial results of research addressing the decoupling of position and force control for two manipulators holding a common object, and the path planning for multiple robots in a common workspace

Thermal in situ measurements in the Lunar Regolith using the LUNAR-A penetrators: an outline of data reduction methods

For determining the lunar heat flow two parameters need to be measured: The thermal gradient and the thermal conductivity of the regolith. Methods for inferring these quantities from in situ measurements using the LUNAR-A penetrators will be presented

In situ lunar heat flow experiment using the LUNAR-A penetrator

An in situ lunar heat flow measurement is planned using the Japanese Lunar-A penetrators. The temperature gradient of the regolith is expected to be obtained within 12% error

Air-Sea Interface in Hurricane Conditions

Improving hurricane prediction models requires better understanding of complex processes taking place at the air-sea interface at high wind speeds. The change of the air-sea interaction regime in hurricane conditions has been linked to the mechanism of direct disruption of the air-sea interface by pressure fluctuations working against the surface tension force. This can be achieved through the Kelvin-Helmholtz type instability. In order to investigate this mechanism, we have conducted a series of 3D numerical experiments using a volume of fluid multiphase model. The experiments were initialized with either a flat interface or short wavelets and wind stress applied at the upper boundary of the air layer. The direct disruption of the air-water interface and formation of two-phase transition layer were observed in the numerical model under hurricane force wind. The vertical profiles of density and velocity in the transition layer were consistent with the regime of marginal stability, which permitted estimation of the lower limit on the drag coefficient under hurricane conditions. This limit was appreciably lower than the wave resistance law; though, it was gradually increasing with wind speed. The numerical experiments with imposed short wavelets demonstrated the tearing of wave crests, formation of water sheets and spume ejected into the air, smoothing of the water surface, as well as quasiperiodic structures on the top of wave crests resembling the Tollmien-Schlichting instability. This study can help in developing a framework for combining the effects of the two-phase environment with the contribution to the drag from waves

Pre-excited RR intervals during atrial fibrillation in the Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome: Influence of the atrioventricular node refractory period

AbstractThe ventricular rate and percent of pre-excited QRS complexes during atrial fibrillation were compared in two groups of patients with the Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome. Group A consisted of 22 patients whose anterograde effective refractory period of the accessory pathway was longer than that of the atrioventricular (AV) node. Group B consisted of 23 patients in whom this relation was reversed. No patient had organic heart disease.Both groups had a similar effective refractory period of the accessory pathway (288 ± 37 vs. 280 ± 26 ms), whereas that of the AV node was shorter in group A than group B (242 ± 25 vs. 285 ± 27 ms, p = 0.0001). Patients in group A had a lower percent of pre-excited QRS complexes during atrial fibrillation (39 ± 43% vs. 93 ± 20%, p = 0.0001). In the 21 patients whose refractory period was measured, the difference was plotted against the percent of pre-excited QRS complexes; there was a significant correlation between the two (r = −0.83, p < 0.001).In patients in whom pre-excited RR intervals were present, the pre-excited RR intervals were compared between the two groups. Both groups had similar effective refractory periods of the accessory pathway (265 ± 22 vs. 280 ± 27 ms) and ventricle (200 ± 17 vs. 211 ± 26 ms). The effective refractory period of the AV node was shorter in group A (248 ± 22 vs. 285 ± 28 ms, p = 0.0005). The shortest pre-excited RR interval did not show any difference (244 ± 37 vs. 265 ± 41 ms). However, both the average (328 ± 39 vs. 397 ± 56 ms, p = 0.001) and longest (495 ± 109 vs. 666 ± 205 ms, p = 0.02) pre-excited RR intervals were shorter in group A.These data suggest that interaction between the refractory periods of the AV node and accessory pathway contributes to the percent of pre-excited QRS complexes. The effective refractory period of the AV node also indirectly contributes to the duration of pre-excited RR intervals. This contribution is greatest when RR intervals are long

Hadron and Quark Form Factors in the Relativistic Harmonic Oscillator Model

Nucleon, pion and quark form factors are studied within the relativistic harmonic oscillator model including the quark spin. It is shown that the nucleon charge, magnetic and axial form factors and the pion charge form factor can be explained with one oscillator parameter if one accounts for the scaling rule and the size of the constituent quarks.Comment: 9 pages, Latex, 3 postscript figures, DFTT 8/9

Speech Communication

Contains research objectives and reports on two research objectives.U.S. Air Force (Air Force Cambridge Research Center, Air Research and Development Command) under Contract AF19(604)-6102National Science Foundatio

Fine-Scale Features on the Sea Surface in SAR Satellite Imagery - Part 2: Numerical Modeling

With the advent of the new generation of synthetic aperture radar (SAR) satellites, it has become possible to resolve fine-scale features on the sea surface on the scale of meters. The proper identification of sea surface signatures in SAR imagery can be challenging, since some features may be due to atmospheric distortions (gravity waves, squall lines) or anthropogenic influences (slicks), and may not be related to dynamic processes in the upper ocean. In order to improve our understanding of the nature of fine-scale features on the sea surface and their signature in SAR, we have conducted high-resolution numerical simulations combining a three-dimensional non-hydrostatic computational fluid dynamics model with a radar imaging model. The surface velocity field from the hydrodynamic model is used as input to the radar imaging model. The combined approach reproduces the sea surface signatures in SAR of ship wakes, low-density plumes, and internal waves in a stratified environment. The numerical results are consistent with observations reported in a companion paper on in situ measurements during SAR satellite overpasses. Ocean surface and internal waves are also known to produce a measurable signal in the ocean magnetic field. This paper explores the use of computational fluid dynamics to investigate the magnetic signatures of oceanic processes. This potentially provides a link between SAR signatures of transient ocean dynamics and magnetic field fluctuations in the ocean. We suggest that combining SAR imagery with data from ocean magnetometers may be useful as an additional maritime sensing method. The new approach presented in this work can be extended to other dynamic processes in the upper ocean, including fronts and eddies, and can be a valuable tool for the interpretation of SAR images of the ocean surface