5,905 research outputs found
Unambiguous probe of parity-mixing of Cooper pairs in noncentrosymmetric superconductors
We propose an experimental scheme to detect unambiguously parity-mxing of
Cooper pairs in noncentrosymmetric superconductors, which utilizes crossed
Andreev reflection processes between two oppositely spin-polarized normal metal
leads and a noncentrosymmetric superconductor. It is demonstrated that a
non-local conductance exhibits a clear signature of parity breaking of Cooper
pairs, and thus, can be a direct probe for the parity-mixing.Comment: 4 pages, 2figure
Topological Hall Effect in Inhomogeneous Superconductors
We propose a possible mechanism of topological Hall effect in inhomogeneous
superconducting states. In our scenario, the Berry phase effect associated with
spatially modulated superconducting order parameter gives rise to a fictitious
Lorentz force acting on quasiparticles. In the case of the
Fulde-Ferrell-Larkin-Ovchinnikov state, the topological Hall effect is detected
by applying an electromagnetic wave with a tuned wave number on a surface of
the system.Comment: 4 page
Chain breaks and the susceptibility of Sr_2Cu_{1-x}Pd_xO_{3+\delta} and other doped quasi one-dimensional antiferromagnets
We study the magnetic susceptibility of one-dimensional S=1/2
antiferromagnets containing non-magnetic impurities which cut the chain into
finite segments. For the susceptibility of long anisotropic Heisenberg
chain-segments with open boundaries we derive a parameter-free result at low
temperatures using field theory methods and the Bethe Ansatz. The analytical
result is verified by comparing with Quantum-Monte-Carlo calculations. We then
show that the partitioning of the chain into finite segments can explain the
Curie-like contribution observed in recent experiments on
Sr_2Cu_{1-x}Pd_xO_{3+\delta}. Possible additional paramagnetic impurities seem
to play only a minor role.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figures, final versio
Magnetohydrodynamic Simulations of A Rotating Massive Star Collapsing to A Black Hole
We perform two-dimensional, axisymmetric, magnetohydrodynamic simulations of
the collapse of a rotating star of 40 Msun and in the light of the collapsar
model of gamma-ray burst. Considering two distributions of angular momentum, up
to \sim 10^{17} cm^2/s, and the uniform vertical magnetic field, we investigate
the formation of an accretion disk around a black hole and the jet production
near the hole. After material reaches to the black hole with the high angular
momentum, the disk is formed inside a surface of weak shock. The disk becomes
in a quasi-steady state for stars whose magnetic field is less than 10^{10} G
before the collapse. We find that the jet can be driven by the magnetic fields
even if the central core does not rotate as rapidly as previously assumed and
outer layers of the star has sufficiently high angular momentum. The magnetic
fields are chiefly amplified inside the disk due to the compression and the
wrapping of the field. The fields inside the disk propagate to the polar region
along the inner boundary near the black hole through the Alfv{\'e}n wave, and
eventually drive the jet. The quasi-steady disk is not an advection-dominated
disk but a neutrino cooling-dominated one. Mass accretion rates in the disks
are greater than 0.01 Msun/sec with large fluctuations. The disk is transparent
for neutrinos. The dense part of the disk, which locates near the hole, emits
neutrino efficiently at a constant rate of < 8 \times 10^{51} erg/s. The
neutrino luminosity is much smaller than those from supernovae after the
neutrino burst.Comment: 42 pages, accepted for publication in the Astrophysical Journal. A
paper with higher-resolution figures available at
http://www.ec.knct.ac.jp/~fujimoto/collapsar/mhd-color.pd
Quantum Disordered Ground States in Frustrated Antiferromagnets with Multiple Ring Exchange Interactions
We present a certain class of two-dimensional frustrated quantum Heisenberg
spin systems with multiple ring exchange interactions which are rigorously
demonstrated to have quantum disordered ground states without magnetic
long-range order. The systems considered in this paper are s=1/2
antiferromagnets on a honeycomb and square lattices, and an s=1 antiferromagnet
on a triangular lattice. We find that for a particular set of parameter values,
the ground state is a short-range resonating valence bond state or a valence
bond crystal state. It is shown that these systems are closely related to the
quantum dimer model introduced by Rokhsar and Kivelson as an effective
low-energy theory for valence bond states.Comment: 6 pages, 4 figure
The origin of HE0107-5240 and the production of O and Na in extremely metal-poor stars
We elaborate the binary scenario for the origin of HE0107-5240, the most
metal-poor star yet observed ([Fe/H] = -5.3), using current knowledge of the
evolution of extremely metal-poor stars. From the observed C/N value, we
estimate the binary separation and period. Nucleosynthesis in a helium
convective zone into which hydrogen has been injected allows us to discuss the
origin of surface O and Na as well as the abundance distribution of s-process
elements. We can explain the observed abundances of 12C, 13C, N, O, and Na and
predict future observations to validate the Pop III nature of HE0107-5240.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figures, proceedings of the conference, "Nuclei in the
Cosmos VIII", Nuclear Physics A in pres
All-order evaluation of weak measurements: --- The cases of an operator which satisfies the property ---
Some exact formulae of the expectation values and probability densities in a
weak measurement for an operator which satisfies the property are derived. These formulae include all-order effects of the unitary
evolution due to the von-Neumann interaction. These are valid not only in the
weak measurement regime but also in the strong measurement regime and tell us
the connection between these two regime. Using these formulae, arguments of the
optimization of the signal amplification and the signal to noise ratio are
developed in two typical experimental setups.Comment: 17 pages, 10 figures (v1); Fig.3 and some typos are corrected (v2);
Comments and references are added and some typos are corrected (v3
Classical and nonclassical randomness in quantum measurements
The space of positive operator-valued measures on the Borel sets of a compact
(or even locally compact) Hausdorff space with values in the algebra of linear
operators acting on a d-dimensional Hilbert space is studied from the
perspectives of classical and non-classical convexity through a transform
that associates any positive operator-valued measure with a certain
completely positive linear map of the homogeneous C*-algebra
into . This association is achieved by using an operator-valued integral
in which non-classical random variables (that is, operator-valued functions)
are integrated with respect to positive operator-valued measures and which has
the feature that the integral of a random quantum effect is itself a quantum
effect. A left inverse for yields an integral representation,
along the lines of the classical Riesz Representation Theorem for certain
linear functionals on , of certain (but not all) unital completely
positive linear maps . The extremal and
C*-extremal points of the space of POVMS are determined.Comment: to appear in Journal of Mathematical Physic
XMM-Newton observation of the ULIRG NGC 6240: The physical nature of the complex Fe K line emission
We report on an XMM-Newton observation of the ultraluminous infrared galaxy
NGC 6240. The 0.3-10 keV spectrum can be successfully modelled with: (i) three
collisionally ionized plasma components with temperatures of about 0.7, 1.4,
and 5.5 keV; (ii) a highly absorbed direct power-law component; and (iii) a
neutral Fe K_alpha and K_beta line. We detect a significant neutral column
density gradient which is correlated with the temperature of the three plasma
components. Combining the XMM-Newton spectral model with the high spatial
resolution Chandra image we find that the temperatures and the column densities
increase towards the center.
With high significance, the Fe K line complex is resolved into three distinct
narrow lines: (i) the neutral Fe K_alpha line at 6.4 keV; (ii) an ionized line
at about 6.7 keV; and (iii) a higher ionized line at 7.0 keV (a blend of the Fe
XXVI and the Fe K_beta line). While the neutral Fe K line is most probably due
to reflection from optically thick material, the Fe XXV and Fe XXVI emission
arises from the highest temperature ionized plasma component.
We have compared the plasma parameters of the ultraluminous infrared galaxy
NGC 6240 with those found in the local starburst galaxy NGC 253. We find a
striking similarity in the plasma temperatures and column density gradients,
suggesting a similar underlying physical process at work in both galaxies.Comment: 8 pages including 9 figures. Accepted for publication in A&
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